Which medications are administered routinely in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
A. Insulin and oral diabetic medications are administered routinely in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. B. Insulin may be needed during times of surgery or illness. C. Insulin is never taken by the Type 2 diabetic. D. Oral medications are the first line of treatment for newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetics.
What would the nurse recommend to help delay the development of diabetes?
A patient with an oral glucose test value of 160 mg/dL has a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. What would the nurse recommend to help delay the development of type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply. 1. Maintain a healthy weight. 2. Include 50 g/day of fiber in diet. 3. Consume a high-protein diet for weight loss. 4.
How does type 2 diabetes differ from Type 1 diabetes Quizlet?
The nurse explains to the patient that type 2 diabetes differs from type 1 diabetes primarily in that with type 2 diabetes Answer B - Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the insulin is insufficient for the body's needs or the cells do not respond to the insulin appropriately.
When is insulin administered routinely in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
A. Insulin and oral diabetic medications are administered routinely in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. B. Insulin may be needed during times of surgery or illness.
What are 5 treatments for diabetes?
Diabetes treatmentsThere are a number of treatments available to help you manage and treat your diabetes. Everyone is different, so treatment will vary depending on your own individual needs. ... Insulin pumps. ... Islet cell transplant. ... Tablets and medication. ... Weight loss surgery. ... Diet and exercise. ... Insulin. ... Emotional support.
What is the treatment of diabetes?
Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, frequent blood sugar checks, and carbohydrate counting. Treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily involves lifestyle changes, monitoring of your blood sugar, along with diabetes medications, insulin or both.
What are the four parts of Diabetic treatment?
ManagementMeals. Contrary to popular belief there is no specific diabetes diet. ... Movement. Movement or exercise helps the body utilize insulin more efficiently to keep blood sugar under control and it aids in weight management. ... Medication. ... Monitoring.
What are 3 ways diabetes can be cured or controlled?
Treatment of diabetesType 1 diabetes. Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes. ... Type 2 diabetes. Diet and exercise can help some people manage type 2 diabetes. ... Gestational diabetes. You'll need to monitor your blood sugar level several times a day during pregnancy. ... The bottom line.
What is the most common medication for diabetes?
Insulin. Insulin is the most common type of medication used in type 1 diabetes treatment.
What is the latest treatment for type 2 diabetes?
A new drug to treat type 2 diabetes has received approval from federal regulators. The drug tirzepatide is a once-a-week injection that helps people manage blood glucose levels and reduce food intake. Experts say the clinical trial results indicate that tirzepatide is a promising new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
How do you treat early stages of diabetes?
Treatment to Reverse PrediabetesEat a healthy diet and lose weight. Losing 5% to 10% of your weight can make a huge difference.Exercise. ... Stop smoking.Get your blood pressure and cholesterol under control.Take medication like metformin (Glucophage) to lower your blood sugar if you're at high risk of diabetes.
What are the four long-term microvascular complications of diabetes?
1. Nephropathy 2. Retinopathy 3. Peripheral neuropathy - increases risk for foot infections and amputations 4. Autonomic neuropathy - ED, gastropar...
What are the three long-term microvascular complications of diabetes?
1. CAD - MI, HF 2. Cerebrovascular disease - TIA, stroke 3. Peripheral artery disease
All of the following would qualify a patient with a diagnosis of pre-diabetes, EXCEPT: (Select all that apply) A. HbgA1c 6.4% B. FPG 110 mg/dL C. 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test of 180 mg/dL D. HgbA1c 5.5% E. FPG 130 mg/dL
D and E are the exceptions The criteria for diagnosis of pre diabetes is as follows: FPG: 100-125mg/dL A1c: 5.7-6.4% 2-hr OGTT: 140-199 mg/dL
Which of the following statements about diabetes is correct? (Select all that apply) A. Classic Sx of DM are polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia B. A1C ≥ 6.3% is diagnostic for DM C. Type 1 DM is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. FPG goals for DM in pregnancy are more relaxed than in non-pregnant patients with DM E. Fluoroquinolones can both increase and decrease blood glucose
A, C, and E are correct Criteria for diagnosis of DM is as follows: Classic Sx AND a random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL FPG: ≥ 126 mg/dL A1c: ≥ 6.5...
Which of the following drugs can raise blood glucose levels A. Geodon® B. Atazanavir C. Linezolid D. Simvastatin E. Prograf®
A, B, D, and E are correct. Atypical antipsychotics such as ziprasidone (Geodon®), olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, etc. can raise blood glucose...
Which of the following is correct regarding DM? A. DM patients have increased rates of hospitalizations and mortality from influenza and pneumococcal disease B. Niacin, posaconazole, and HCTZ can raise blood glucose C. First degree relative with DM is a risk factor for T2DM D. Men and women with DM ≥ 50 y/o with one additional risk factor should receive ASA 81mg as primary prevention of CVD E. Goal BP for patients with DM is
A, B, C, D are correct ASA should be considered for primary prevention in patients with T1DM and T2DM who have 10-year CVD risk > 10% which includ...
Type 2 DM is much more common than type 1 DM and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and family history. Which of the following statements about T2DM is true? (Select all that apply) A. Due to insulin resistance B. Due to insulin deficiency C. Due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. Characterized by gradual decline in insulin production E. One of the leading causes of CKD
A, B, D, and E are correct T1DM is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
What alternative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for primary prevention of CVD in DM patients with a 10-year risk > 10% if the patient has an aspirin allergy?
Clopidogrel 75mg daily
Jorge, a 38 y/o male, presented to his PCP c/o of "peeing all the time and constantly being thirsty." His PCP took a random plasma glucose and A1c and the results are as follows: Random plasma glucose: 310 mg/dL A1c: 10.2% Jorge's PCP diagnoses him with T2DM. Which of the following statements is correct? (Select all that apply) A. Jorge should be counseled on lifestyle modifications such as DM education, exercise, weight loss, and healthy diet B. Jorge should be started on metformin, long-acting basal insulin, and mealtime insulin C. Jorge should be started on a two drug regimen such as metformin and sitagliptin D. Jorge does not need medication at this time and should only be counseled on lifestyle modifications. If Jorge is not at A1c goal after 3 months, initiate medication therapy E. Jorge should be banned from McDonalds
A, B, and E are correct Given the patient's significantly elevated random plasma glucose and A1c, this patient should be started both metformin and...
How does Type 1 diabetes work?
Rationale: Type 1 DM is typically triggered by an autoimmune process in which the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. This process is usually rapid, with a total insulin deficiency occurring within 1 year.
What are the complications of diabetes?
c. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acute, or short-term, complications of diabetes result from extreme hyperglycemia or severe hypoglycemia. Let's start with hypoglycemia. Factors such as too much insulin, poor timing of insulin, too little food intake, and stressors can cause blood glucose levels to plummet.
What happens when you forget to take insulin?
When someone with type 1 diabetes forgets to take insulin or does not take enough insulin, blood glucose rises . The body cannot use the glucose and perceives starvation, and begins lipolysis. This fat breakdown leads to ketone formation.
Why does the body not use glucose?
Because the body cannot use the glucose, it responds as if it were in starvation, increasing hunger and elevating blood glucose further. Now, let's look at specific acute complications for each form of diabetes, beginning with type 1 and diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA.
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
This response causes the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as sweating, dizziness, confusion, hunger and heart palpitations.
Is Prediabetes a type 2 diabetes?
This results in insulin resistance that requires an increased level of insulin to drive glucose into the cells. Prediabetes is a warning sign of Type 2 DM. Prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents are included in the treatment plan for a client who is diagnosed with type 2 DM. A known complication for type 2 DM is HHS.
Does DKA cause electrolytes imbalance?
In addition, fluid and electrolytes imbalance may occur. Treatment of DKA includes insulin to enable the body to use glucose, fluid replacement, and giving potassium. People with type 2 diabetes are at a greater risk for developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, or HHS. Let's consider the name.
What should a nurse monitor for type 2 diabetes?
Regularly monitor blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The nurse should inform the patient with a risk for developing type 2 diabetes to maintain a healthy weight, monitor for symptoms of diabetes, such as polyuria (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive hunger), and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
The classic symptoms of diabetes are polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria, (excessive urine output), and polyphagia (increased hunger). Weight gain, fatigue, and blurred vision may all occur with type 2 diabetes, but are not classic manifestations.
What is the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis?
A patient with type 1 diabetes who develops blood glucose greater than 250 mg/dL is at risk to develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In DKA, the patient's cells lack fuel (glucose), despite excess serum glucose, because there is insufficient insulin available to metabolize the glucose and drive it into the cells.
What is the cause of diabetes mellitus?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a result of the absence or minimal production of insulin by the pancreas. Alteration in production of adipokines, decreased insulin production over time, and insulin resistance are the defect factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
What are the metabolic abnormalities that lead to type 2 diabetes?
Patients with metabolic abnormalities such as being overweight increase the risk of insulin resistance and inappropriate insulin secretion, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
What is the absence of insulin?
Absence of insulin is the factor associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is the condition where insulin is produced by the pancreas but its uptake is resisted by the tissues. This factor is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
What happens when you have type 2 diabetes?
The onset of type 2 diabetes usually is delayed, resulting in chronic complications having already manifested. The patient will have slower wound healing and infection healing, fatigue, and visual changes as a result of the disease progression. Some patients with type II diabetes may have polyuria.
What are the risks of DM type 2?
Rationale: Risks for type 2 DM include adults over 65, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and Hispanic or African American women, and Native Americans. The 16-year-old has lower risk due to physical activity. Heredity plays a more important role in the development of type 1 DM.
Can you give soda to a client with hypoglycemia?
Regular soda, a rapid-acting glucose source, is given immediately to a conscious client with hypoglycemia. Giving insulin would decrease glucose levels further. Glucagon is only used with an unconscious client. Crackers and cheese are given after glucose levels have returned to normal because they take longer to act.
What are the signs of diabetes mellitus?
1, 4, 6 Rationale: Classic signs of diabetes mellitus include polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger), and polyuria (excessive urination). Because the body is starving from the lack of glucose the cells are using for energy, the client has weight loss, not weight gain.
What is the meaning of "type 2 diabetes"?
Answer B - Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the insulin is insufficient for the body's needs or the cells do not respond to the insulin appropriately. The other information describes the physiology of type 1 diabetes.
Why is oral insulin not available?
Oral insulin is not available because of the breakdown of the insulin by digestion. Options 1, 2 and 3 are incorrect. A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with diabetes mellitus who has hyerglycemia. The priority nursing diagnosis would be: 1.
What is insulin resisitance?
Insulin resisitance is inidcated by a daily insulin requirement of 200 units or more. Diabetic ketoacidosis, an acute metabolic condition, usually is caused by absent or markedly decreased amounts of insulin. A home health nurse is at the home of a client with diabetes and arthritis.
How does type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 diabetes?
Answer B - Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the insulin is insufficient for the body's needs or the cells do not respond to the insulin appropriately.
What is the A1C level of a diabetic?
Used as a diagnostic tool, A1C levels of 6.5% or higher on two tests indicate diabetes. A1C of 6% to 6.5% is considered prediabetes.". During a diabetes screening program, a patient tells the nurse, "My mother died of complications of type 2 diabetes.
What happens to the B cells in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes?
4. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that destroy b-cells in the pancreas."". "Right Answer: 2. Rationale: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced and/or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin".
What is the NCLEX test for diabetes mellitus?
This NCLEX diabetes mellitus quiz will test your knowledge on diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is where a patient does not have sufficient amounts of insulin to use the glucose that enters the blood stream. Therefore, the patient experiences hyperglycemia which is damaging to the body.
What is the NCLEX quiz?
This NCLEX quiz will test your ability: Patho of Diabetes Mellitus. Causes of Diabetes Mellitus. Different types of Diabetes Mellitus.
Can you give a patient a carbohydrate diet?
Normally, you could give the patient 15 grams of a simple carbohydrate like 4 oz of fruit juice or soda, glucose tablets, gel etc. per hypoglycemia protocol However, the patient can NOT eat due to surgery prep.
What is the term for a person who has a blood glucose level of less than 50 to 60?
Hypoglycemia is when the blood the glucose falls to less than 50 to 60 mg/dL and is linked to excessive use of hypoglycemic agents, decreased food intake, increased physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, or renal failure. It often occurs before meals, especially if meals are delayed or snacks are omitted. It can occur on type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
What is the main goal of insulin treatment?
The main goal of treatment is to normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to reduce the development of complications . There are five components of management for diabetes: nutrition, exercise, monitoring, pharmacologic therapy, and education. Insulin is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes.
What is the NCLEX test for diabetes mellitus?
This 100-item quiz will test your knowledge and ability to differentiate the different types of diabetes mellitus, recognizing the clinical manifestations and signs and symptoms of complications, medical management, nursing management, and patient education.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of insulin in the pancreas or when there is a resistance or deficiency of available insulin resulting in hyperglycemia. It is characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
What is the difference between Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, is characterized by defects in insulin release and use, and insulin resistance.
Why does hyperglycemia occur during pregnancy?
Hyperglycemia develops in pregnancy because of the secretion of placental hormones, which causes insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes is related to the anti-insulin effects of progesterone, cortisol, and human placenta lactogen, which increase the amount of insulin needed to maintain glycemic control.
