What are within subjects?
A within-subjects design is also called a dependent groups or repeated measures design because researchers compare related measures from the same participants between different conditions. All longitudinal studies use within-subjects designs to assess changes within the same individuals over time.
Which of the following is an advantage to a between subject design?
The key advantage of using a between-subjects design is that it is the only design that allows for the use of randomization, manipulation, and the inclusion of a comparison/control group, which are required to demonstrate cause and effect.
What is the main difference between within subjects design and between-subjects design?
Between-subjects (or between-groups) study design: different people test each condition, so that each person is only exposed to a single user interface. Within-subjects (or repeated-measures) study design: the same person tests all the conditions (i.e., all the user interfaces).
What is the effect of increasing the time between treatment conditions in a within subjects experiment?
What is the effect of increasing the time between treatment conditions in a within-subjects experiment? It decreases the threat of the order effect fatigue.
Which of the following is an advantage to a between-subjects design quizlet?
What are some of the advantages of a between-subjects design? It can be used to address a wide variety of questions. the fact that each score is obtained from a unique individual who has personal characteristics that are different from all of the other participants.
Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs quizlet?
Which of the following is an advantage of a within-subjects experimental design? The likelihood of detecting the effects of an independent variable is greater than in a between-subjects design.
Which of the following is an advantage of within groups design?
What are some advantages of within groups designs? It ensures the participants in the two groups will be equivalent (because they are the same people). Variations among participants will not effect results because their scores are only rated against themselves and not others.
Which of the following is a primary advantage of within-subjects designs over between subjects designs?
The correct answer is c) more power. Within-subjects design do not differ treatment in the groups.
How to obtain an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect?
To obtain an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect, the regression lines in the two treatment groups must be fit correctly. For example, if the true regression surface is a straight line, a straight-line regression is the correct model to fit.
How does instrumental variable affect unobserved variables?
Unlike an observed control variable, an instrumental variable is assumed not to have any direct effect on the outcome. Instead, the instrumental variable is thought to influence only the selection into the treatment condition. In other words, the effect of the instrumental variable on the dependent measure is entirely mediated via its effect on treatment assignment ( b in Fig. 3 ). This condition is also known as exclusion restriction (see Endogeneity: Methodology ). If the independent variable were regressed on the instrumental variable , the residual would contain all unobserved sources of variability that determine treatment assignment and also influence the outcome variable (represented by the correlation r in Fig. 3 ). As a result, the existence of an instrumental variable identifies or isolates the average direct effect ( a in Fig. 3) of the treatment on the outcome independent of the unobserved sources of variability. The success of this strategy rests on the reasonableness of the assumption of exclusion restriction.
What is the difference between a pseudo-experimental and a quasi-experimental?
To be clear, in pseudo-experimental design, the study lacks a control condition, whereas in quasi-experimental design, the researcher does not or cannot assign subjects to treatment conditions at random. This feature actually makes quasi-experiments much easier to use and administer in field and applied settings outside of the laboratory.
Can there be multiple experimental conditions?
There can be multiple experimental and control conditions in an experiment. Observations are recorded for each group, and the groups are then compared, with differences in the experimental group assumed to be attributable to the application of the treatment.
Can random assignment affect internal validity?
Although random assignment of participants (or other units) to treatment condition can greatly enhance the likelihood of internal validity, problems can still occur . Most widely recognized is that differential attrition may occur, with more (or different kinds of) participants dropping out of one group than another.
Can internal validity threats arise in randomized experiments?
Even if these problems do not occur, internal validity threats can arise in a randomized experiment if proper research procedures are not followed. An experimenter might, for instance, have one rater observe aggression in the treatment group and another rater observe in the control group.
What is the major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable?
A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study. What disadvantage is being described here?
What happens when the p-value is lower?
The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
How many scenarios did Janiszewski and Uy (2008) study?
Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). How many levels are there for the independent variable in this study?
Who conducted a study to determine if men and women were equal in their ability to judge women's nonverb?
Farris et al. conducted a study to determine if men and women were equal in their ability to judge women's nonverbal cues. In this example, what was the IV?
Is statistical significance the same as practical significance?
Both practical and statistical significance are of equal importance .
What is the major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable?
A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study. What disadvantage is being described here?
What is the independent variable in Darley and Batson's study?
Darley and Batson conducted a study in which the independent variable was the degree to which the participants were instructed to hurry to the other building (high-hurry, intermediate-hurry, low-hurry) and the dependent variable was the amount of help offered to a “victim” placed by the researchers between the two buildings. This was a
What did Tamir and Al. (2008) study?
Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. This is an example of what type of design?
How many scenarios did Janiszewski and Uy (2008) read?
Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type of design?
What does Geraldine notice about within subjects design?
While conducting her within subjects design, Geraldine notices that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the independent variable. Specifically, subjects are leaving questions blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as they were in the first level of the independent variable. Geraldine is seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design?
Who conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time?
William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below.
