Precautions
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplementation during isoniazid (INH) therapy is necessary in some patients to prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy. The routine use of pyridoxine supplementation to prevent peripheral neuropathy in high risk populations is recommended. Click to read in-depth answer.
Why is B6 given with isoniazid?
What Conditions does ISONIAZID Treat?
- TB involving the lungs
- active tuberculosis
- inactive tuberculosis
- treatment to prevent active tuberculosis infection
- TB meningitis
- an infection due to unusual mycobacteria
What conditions does isoniazid treat?
Vitamin B6 Tuberculosis Treatment
- Treatment of Tuberculosis. Until 1940, there was no specific treatment for tuberculosis. ...
- Isoniazid and Vitamin B-6 deficiency. Soon after isoniazid was employed in the management of tuberculosis, researchers noted that some patients develop peripheral neuropathy.
- Vitamin B-6. ...
- Vitamin B-6 Prevents Isoniazid-Induced Neuropathy. ...
Why is vitamin B6 given with isoniazid?
What is isoniazid used for?
How does isoniazid prevent TB?
An antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections, and on its own to prevent active TB in people who may be infected with the bacteria without showing any symptoms (latent TB).
How does isoniazid stop bacterial growth?
It works by killing the bacteria that cause the disease. The exact mechanism of action of isoniazid is unknown, but it is thought to prevent the tuberculosis bacteria from making substances called mycolic acids, which are needed to form the cell walls of the bacteria.
How do I know if isoniazid is working?
Physical Signs That TB Treatment Is WorkingA reduction in symptoms, such as less coughing.Overall improvement in the way one feels.Weight gain.Increased appetite.Improvement in strength and stamina.
How long does isoniazid take to work?
It can take many months for the medicine to kill the TB germs because they are strong. You will meet with your doctor or nurse one day a week for 12 weeks to receive and take INH-RPT.
Why is isoniazid taken on empty stomach?
MUNICH — When first-line tuberculosis (TB) drugs are taken with food, there is a reduction in maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability of the drug than when taken on an empty stomach, according to the results of a new pharmacokinetic study.
How does isoniazid cause b6 deficiency?
First, INH metabolites directly attach to and inactivate pyridoxine species. Second, INH inhibits the enzyme pyridoxine phosphokinase; this enzyme is necessary to activate pyridoxine to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, the cofactor in many "pyridoxine-dependent" reactions.
How do I know my TB is cured?
Testing at 5 or 7 months will show if the patient has been cured of TB. It is a wonderful achievement when the patient completes the full course of medication but proof of cure must be obtained through the patient giving that final sputum.
Can latent TB come back after treatment?
Even if you successfully beat tuberculosis, you can get tuberculosis infection again. In fact, TB reinfection is becoming more common. Tuberculosis is a potentially life-threatening, airborne bacterial infection that can be found worldwide.
Does TB go away after treatment?
After taking TB medicine for several weeks, a doctor will be able to tell TB patients when they are no longer able to spread TB germs to others. Most people with TB disease will need to take TB medicine for at least 6 months to be cured.
How do you know if TB is latent or active?
What is Latent TB Infection?Usually has a skin test or blood test result indicating TB infection.Has a normal chest x-ray and a negative sputum test.Has TB bacteria in his/her body that are alive, but inactive.Does not feel sick,Cannot spread TB bacteria to others.More items...
Can latent TB turn into active TB?
Latent TB . You have a TB infection, but the bacteria in your body are inactive and cause no symptoms. Latent TB , also called inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious. Latent TB can turn into active TB , so treatment is important.
What happens if I skip 1 month of TB treatment?
If you stop taking your antibiotics before you complete the course or you skip a dose, the TB infection may become resistant to the antibiotics. This is potentially serious because it can be difficult to treat and will require a longer course of treatment with different, and possibly more toxic, therapies.
Before Taking This Medicine
You should not use isoniazid if you are allergic to it, or if you have: 1. active liver disease; 2. a history of severe allergic reaction to isonia...
How Should I Take Isoniazid?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.Take isonia...
What Happens If I Miss A Dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to...
What Happens If I Overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.Overdose symptoms may include vomiting, severe dizziness or drowsin...
What Should I Avoid While Taking Isoniazid?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while you are taking isoniazid.You may need to avoid certain foods while you are...
What Other Drugs Will Affect Isoniazid?
Many drugs can interact with isoniazid. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible...
Overview
Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test).
May Treat: Active tuberculosis · Inactive tuberculosis · Pulmonary tuberculosis · Tuberculosis meningitis · Tuberculosis prophylaxis
Brand Names: Niazid · Dow-Isoniazid · I.N.H. · Isohydrazide · Isoniotonic Acid Hydrazide and more
Drug Class: Antitubercular - Isonicotinic Acid Derivatives
Availability: Prescription sometimes needed
Pregnancy: Consult a doctor before using
May Treat: Active tuberculosis · Inactive tuberculosis · Pulmonary tuberculosis · Tuberculosis meningitis · Tuberculosis prophylaxis
Brand Names: Niazid · Dow-Isoniazid · I.N.H. · Isohydrazide · Isoniotonic Acid Hydrazide and more
Drug Class: Antitubercular - Isonicotinic Acid Derivatives
Availability: Prescription sometimes needed
Pregnancy: Consult a doctor before using
Lactation: Consult a doctor before using
Alcohol: Limit intake while taking this medication
- Call MD if new abdominal pain/yellowing eyes/skin
- Take on an empty stomach
- Avoid drinking alcohol
- Call MD if new abdominal pain/yellowing eyes/skin
- Take on an empty stomach
- Avoid drinking alcohol
- Success is dependent on completing therapy course
- Take vitamin B6 to avoid deficiency.
- Review all drugs you are taking with your doctor
- Lab tests may be ordered to monitor therapy
- For solution, oral products : Measure dose using a dosing spoon/cup/syringe.
- For tablet products : Tell doctor your complete medical history.
Medical uses
Side effects
Drug interactions
Mechanism of action
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. For latent tuberculosis it is often used by itself. It may also be used for atypical types of mycobacteria, such as M. avium, M. kansasii, and M. xenopi. It is usually take…
Metabolism
Isoniazid is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. In persons with isoniazid-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. However, in persons with isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid have a high rate of failure.
History
Up to 20% of people taking isoniazid experience peripheral neuropathy when taking doses of 6 mg/kg of weight daily or higher. Gastrointestinal reactions include nausea and vomiting. Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis due to lack of production of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells by the bone marrow respectively, can also occur. Hypersensitivity reactions are also common and can present with a maculopapular rash and fever. Gynecomastia may …
Preparation
People taking isoniazid and acetaminophen are at risk of acetaminophen toxicity. Isoniazid is thought to induce a liver enzyme which causes a larger amount of acetaminophen to be metabolized to a toxic form.
Isoniazid decreases the metabolism of carbamazepine, thus slowing down its clearance from the body. People taking carbamazepine should have their carbamazepine levels monitored and, if ne…