Who are the Berdaches?
berdache, also called (since 1990) two-spirit, early European designation for American Indians (in Canada called First Nations peoples) who did not conform to Western gender and sexual norms.
What does the existence of the berdache in certain Native American cultures help teach us about gender quizlet?
The Berdache is an alternative gender in Native American culture. Berdache has feminine characteristics, used in ceremonial rituals. Native Americans see gender roles as more than just biological sex but accepted ambiguities. Religion helped explain the diversity in gender roles.
What is a berdache quizlet?
Berdache. A morphological male who has a nonmasculine character. More accurate characterization is androgyny. They serve a mediating function between women and men, precisely because their character is seen as distinct from either sex. Some culture Berdache Tradition become a wife to a man.
What is a male berdache?
THE BERDACHE among North American Indians may be roughly defined as a person, usually male, who was anatomically nor- mal but assumed the dress, occupations, and behavior of the other sex to effect a change in gender status.
What term refers to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes?
gender roles. the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.
What term refers to the tendency to view less developed countries as more alike than they are?
What term refers to the tendency to view less-developed countries as more alike than they are? Underdifferentiation.
What are the two types of descent groups distinguished by anthropologists?
Cognatic descent is also referred to as non-unilineal descent and there are two types of cognatic descent: bilateral and ambilineal. Anthropological data suggests that cognatic descent arose in cultures where warfare is uncommon and there is a political organization that can organize and fight on behalf of the members.
What is 3rd gender called?
Often called transgender by outsiders, Indian society and most hijras consider themselves to be third gender—neither male nor female, not transitioning. They are a different gender altogether.
How do you pronounce berdache?
0:020:59How to Pronounce "Berdache" - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipBardach bardach bardach bardach bardach vaya.MoreBardach bardach bardach bardach bardach vaya.
What is two spirit 2S?
Two-spirit (also two spirit, 2S or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial and social role in their cultures.
Ruling Classes
Relationship to Nature
- The Native Americans embodied the environment. Although they hunted and farmed the lands, they rarely stripped the land of resources. In addition, Native Americans implemented forest burning for regrowth and limited hunting in areas where animal reserves were depleted. On the other hand, the Europeans practiced environmental depletion by cutting trees in large numbers, …
Spiritual Beliefs
- The Native Americans worshiped sun gods, corn gods and nature spirits of birds, bears and wolves. The Native Americans were considered barbarous by the Europeans because they worshiped wooden images or carved and painted images. The Europeans came as messengers from God to convert the Natives to Christianity, as they saw it. Spanish missions converted man…
Gender Differences
- Native American women held upstanding positions among the tribes. The Cherokee women ruled and controlled certain factions within the tribe, with many making important economic decisions for the entire tribe. On the other hand, Europeans subjected their women to childbirth and house chores only. When the Europeans saw that Native American women wer...