What is ferrofluid used for?
Feb 01, 2022 · Since magnetic NPs in ferrofluids have a large surface area that can easily bind to many molecules, they can remove contaminants from aqueous effluents such as color, turbidity, metals, organic matter, and bacteria from waters and then can be separated from the bulk …
Can ferrofluid be used to remove microplastics from wastewater?
Ferrofluid barriers, by contrast, could seal leaking waste tanks, pipes, or landfills with maximum confidence and minimum environmental disturbance. Injected ferrofluids could be steered into place beneath contaminated sites by surrounding magnets, forming an evenly distributed seal.
What are the applications of ferrofluid seals in vacuum chambers?
Ferrofluids can also be poured onto a magnet being levitated by a superconductor to become suspended in mid-air. ... says he is attempting to optimise his system to make devices that can be used ...
How are ferrofluids made?
Nov 06, 2019 · 1. Rotating Shafts. Ferrofluids are used mechanically in rotating shaft seals. These rotating shaft seals used in vacuum chambers and rotating anode X-ray generators. A …
What are ferrofluids and what are they used for?
How do ferrofluids work?
Why are ferrofluids important?
Does ferrofluid dissolve in water?
How are ferrofluids made?
What are the properties of ferrofluids?
A ferrofluid is composed of three components: magnetic nano particles, dispersion medium (also called carrier liquid) and a dispersant or surface active agent. The fluid responds to an applied magnetic field as one homogeneous system.Jan 12, 2016
Why do ferrofluids Spike?
When were ferrofluids invented?
Are ferrofluids toxic?
Can ferrofluids be controlled by magnets?
How does a Ferrofluidic seal work?
What happens if you touch ferrofluid?
What is ferrofluid made of?
A true ferrofluid is a magnetic colloid; a stable suspension of magnetic particles in an oil- or water-based carrier liquid made by milling iron oxide in a surfactant, or by chemical synthesis. The magnetic particles are small enough, usually between 3–15nm, to move by Brownian motion outside of a magnetic field and do not clump together or settle out. When drawn by a magnet, as in Papell’s proposition for pulling fuel to a combustion chamber, these tiny particles move their carrier liquid around with them, so that the suspension flows as a liquid. However, as the particles are paramagnets, the magnet does not give them long-term ordering and they go back to floating around like dust motes in air as soon as the field is removed.
Where were the rocket scientists working?
Rocket scientists at the Nasa Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, US , were working day and night. It was 1963 and they were testing hundreds of different combustion chamber designs and injectors for liquid hydrogen engines, trying to iron out problems with combustion stability that could thwart efforts to put astronauts on the moon.
Can ferrofluids be controlled?
The weird and wonderful properties of ferrofluids are great for demonstrations. The fact that these liquids can be controlled in remote fashion, using magnet s, has seen them gain use in biomedical settings, explains Neil Telling, an expert in biomedical nanophysics at Keele University in Staffordshire, UK.
What is a ferrofluid?
A Ferrofluid held in place by magnets is used as a liquid O-ring through which a rotating shaft enters a chamber of either low or high-pressure. The Ferrofluid is used to form a tight seal, and also to eliminate most of the friction. 2. Computers.
What is ferrofluid research?
Experiments in the biomedical area of research are in progress to validate the applications of Ferrofluids in the field. Research is being conducted to design ferrofluids that can be used to carry medications to specific locations in the body. They could also be useful in directing drugs to certain parts of the body.
What is the stability of a ferrofluid?
The stability of a ferrofluid is considered in terms of various forces and torques on the suspended magnetic particles. Ferrofluids have full technological applications, and there is a promise of many uses in medicine like hyperthermia, cell separation, and drug targeting. Tags: 13 Uses of Ferrofluids, Applications of Ferrofluids.
Why are ferrofluids so easy to handle?
Ferrofluids are easy to handle because the fluid location can be controlled through the use of a magnetic field. They can be forced to flow by varying the strength of the magnetic field. Ferrofluids are prepared by suspending tiny particles (10 nm diameter) of magnetic solids in a liquid medium. The liquid medium fluid can be water ...
How are ferrofluids prepared?
Ferrofluids are prepared by suspending tiny particles (10 nm diameter) of magnetic solids in a liquid medium. The liquid medium fluid can be water or an organic solvent. When a magnetic field is applied to a ferrofluid, the entire liquid pulls towards the magnetic field by the nanoparticles attracted to the field.
What is a liquid medium?
The liquid medium fluid can be water or an organic solvent. When a magnetic field is applied to a ferrofluid, the entire liquid pulls towards the magnetic field by the nanoparticles attracted to the field. Researchers mostly use ferrofluids prepared from small particles of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ).
Why are ferrofluids used in real life?
They have exciting real-world applications because of their property to flow through forced positioning by the strength of the magnetic field. Another feature that influences their application is the capability to absorb electromagnetic energy at convenient frequencies and heat up. The solvent in ferrofluids also can be applicable for their ability to reduce friction; this makes them useful in transportation applications and in electronics.
When were ferrofluids invented?
They were originally invented independently around the same time in the early 1960s at NASA Lewis Laboratories, and aslo by Dr. R. E. Rosensweig et al. at AVCO Space Systems.
What is the purpose of magnetic nanoparticles?
Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with specific receptors or antibodies are used as contrast agents in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of individual cells. Particles within the cells (as shown in the picture on the left) are taken up typically within small vesicles in a process called endocytosis.
Abstract
Synthesis of ferrofluid without the addition of stabilizing agents or surfactants is an innovation of new method for microplastic removal. This study focuses on the ability of several types of oils as carriers and how they may improve the removal efficiency of the microplastic. The method is relatively low cost, simple and sustainable.
1. Introduction
The issue of microplastics (MPs) is currently emerging worldwide as widespread contaminants that attract significant attention from the scientific community and the public [1]. Microplastics are mainly originated from several sources including synthetic fibres, industrial processes, household dust and deterioration of plastic surfaces [2].
2. Methodology
Materials used in this study were distilled water, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as microplastic, iron (III) oxide (Fe3 O 4) as magnetic powder supplied by Sigma Aldrich. Four types of oil, namely lubricating oil, used lubricating oil, cooking oil and used cooking oil, were used as liquid carriers.
3. Result and discussion
Four types of oil (cooking oil, used cooking oil, lubricating oil and used lubricating oil) were used for the preparation of ferrofluid and their efficiencies in removing microplastics from water media are shown in Fig. 1.
4. Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the synthesis of ferrofluid using lubricating oil induced the highest removal efficiency of microplastics due to its stable properties of complete mixture of hydrocarbons.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Sofiah Hamzah: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - original draft, Supervision, Writing - review & editing, Project administration, Lau Yuke Ying: Investigation, Writing - original draft, Alyza Azzura Abd.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
What is the purpose of photocatalysis?
Photocatalysis is a promising technology to remove several persistent and recalcitrant pollutants in water and wastewater. Most of the conventional chemical and physical synthesis routes of photocatalysts result in the release of toxic pollutants to the environment and hence green synthesis is a better alternative.
Is iron oxide a polymorph?
Rodrigo Parra. Márcio Sousa Góes. Iron (III) oxide is a compound that appears in at least four different polymorphs: α-Fe2O3, β-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and ε-Fe2O3. However, Fe³⁺ ions are also present in another form of iron oxide: Fe3O4, which is an iron crystal structure with both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions.
Why is biological wastewater treatment important?
In this context, biological wastewater treatment systems serve as a good option to combat the problem of water pollution.
What is carbon nanotube?
Carbon based nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their high specific surface area and associated adsorption sites, have drawn a special focus in environmental applications, especially water and wastewater treatment.
What are the properties of iron oxide?
The utilization of iron oxide nanomaterials has received much attention due to their unique properties, such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, excellent magnetic properties and great biocompatibility. A range of environmental clean-up technologies have been proposed in wastewater treatment which applied iron oxide nanomaterials as nanosorbents and photocatalysts. Moreover, iron oxide based immobilization technology for enhanced removal efficiency tends to be an innovative research point. This review outlined the latest applications of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, and gaps which limited their large-scale field applications. The outlook for potential applications and further challenges, as well as the likely fate of nanomaterials discharged to the environment were discussed.
