Stem cell effects were studied in 2 patients with back pain and leg numbness. Marrow fluid was obtained autologously from the ilium from each patient. Mesenchymal
Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme, in vertebrate embryology, is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the development of the embryo. It is composed mainly of ground substance with few cells or fibers. It can also refer to a group of mucoproteins found in certain types of cysts, resembling mucus. It is most easily found as a component of Wharton's jelly.
Full Answer
What are the therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells?
The modulating capability of MSC was one of the focal points raised by our recent study on rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs)-based therapy to treat oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in rats (Di Cesare Mannelli et al., 2018); to our knowledge, the first work to prove the efficacy of MSC-based treatments in the field of chemotherapy ...
Can stem cells be used for pain management?
Jan 10, 2020 · Larger studies will be required to confirm that mesenchymal stem cells can treat chronic pain. However, these results are intriguing, since a staggering number of studies show autologous stem cell treatment to be safe. Indeed, mesenchymal stem cell treatment is now widely available in clinics and medical practices. Reference: Waterman R. et al ...
Does intrathecal mesenchymal stem cell therapy reduce reactive oxygen species and pain behavior?
Sep 22, 2020 · Fig. 1. Stem cell therapy for SCI. Human embryonic stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be used for the treatment of SCI. In this review, we discussed the current status of MSC therapy for SCI …
Can genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells prevent hypersensitivity after spinal cord injury?
Oct 01, 2019 · The main idea of applying stem cells to neuropathic pain is based on the ability of stem cells to release neurotrophic factors, along with providing a cellular source for replacing the injured neural cells, which make them ideal candidates for modulating and possibly reversing intractable neuropathic pain.
How does mesenchymal stem cell therapy work?
How can stem cells be used to treat injuries?
For sports injuries, stem cell therapy can be used for damaged tendons, torn ligaments, and other damages to muscles, bones, and cartilages. Depending on the injury, a physician can apply stem cells through direct surgery, stem cell-bearing sutures, and/or injection.Dec 13, 2020
How do mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammation?
How are mesenchymal stem cells used?
How do stem cells work?
What are stem cells and why are they important?
Can stem cells cause inflammation?
How are mesenchymal stem cells obtained?
Why mesenchymal stem cells are currently considered useful for cell based therapies?
How do mesenchymal stem cells differentiate?
Why are mesenchymal stem cells important?
Their appeal, among the other sources and types of stem cells, increased because of their ease of isolation/preservation and their properties.
Is spinal cord injury a public health issue?
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes an inestimable public health issue. The most crucial phase in the pathophysiological process of SCI concerns the well-known secondary injury, which is the uncontrolled and destructive cascade occurring later with aberrant molecular signaling, inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunctions.
Abstract
The need to search for new, alternative treatments for various diseases has prompted scientists and physicians to focus their attention on regenerative medicine and broadly understood cell therapies. Currently, stem cells are being investigated for their potentially widespread use in therapies for many untreatable diseases.
Introduction
In the 1960s, Friedenstein et al. identified a population of fibroblast-like cells that formed clonal colonies in vitro (CFU-F, Colony Forming Unit-Fibroblast) 1. Friedenstein’s observations allowed for the discovery of a specific type of cell, currently referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Migration and Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
The therapeutic effect of MSCs depends on their ability to reach the injured site, which is possible due to their ability to migrate, adhere, and engraft into a target tissue. Several factors affect the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs’ homing.
Immunological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
It is generally accepted that MSCs do not display immunogenic properties, so they can be transplanted to an allogenic host without need for immunosuppression. The mechanism of their action is based on their immunomodulatory properties as well as immunosuppressive activity.
Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies
Many studies have been conducted thus far to investigate the safety of MSC-based therapies. Clinical trials show that in vitro -cultured human MSCs are less susceptible to adverse changes.
The Dark Side of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology
When using stem cell-based therapies, all possible undesirable effects should be considered. The risk associated with tumorigenesis after stem cell transplantation is widely discussed in the literature.
Protumorigenic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
The direct role of MSCs in promoting tumorigenesis has been investigated by several research groups in animal models. Results obtained for BM-MSCs show that the cells can engraft and home to many different types of solid tumors 107 – 111. MSCs have been injected simultaneously with tumor cells in vivo.
Paraplegia
Edited by José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias and Carlos Alberto Cuellar Ramos
Abstract
Paraplegia is the damage or loss of function in motor and/or sensory abilities. This insult can be observed in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral parts of spinal column. Besides, paraplegia may be occurring because of any injuries or diseases of the lower segments or peripheral nerves or by cerebral palsy (CP).
1. Introduction
Paralysis of the lower parts of the body (paraplegia) can be caused by any damage to the spinal cord [ 1, 2 ]. Traumatic and nontraumatic injuries are classifications of this disease [ 3 ]. Paraplegia causes severe and in most cases lasting changes in the patient’s lifetime and lifestyle [ 4, 5 ].
2. Paraplegia: mechanisms of degeneration
SCI is included in two mechanisms: primary and secondary damage. When the direct physical injury to the spinal cord happened like any contusion, compression, contraction, and laceration, it can be called primary injury [ 46 ]. In this condition, axons separate from each other, mechanical injury to cells occurs directly, and blood vessels rupture.
3. Mesenchymal stem cells: a historical outline
The pathologist Cohnheim in 1867 could show the first evidence of nonhematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM) and their potency to be the source of fibroblasts involved in wound healing [ 50 ]. However, only a century later (50 years ago), the isolation and culture of these cells in an experimental condition successfully could be done.
4. Preclinical researches using mesenchymal stem cells for paraplegia treatment
Transplantation of MSCs has been well established by several researchers. MSCs have significant effects on the several cellular and molecular cascades. Therefore, they can be regarded as a possible candidate for treating of CNS diseases [ 56 ].
5. Clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cell for paraplegia
The clinical trials conducted for the treatment of paraplegia include three different phases. Phase 1 trials begin with the cell transplantation to a human participant, and the aim of these trials is to study any events such as adverse or toxic effects and also the safety of this intervention.