Their treatment as cultural by many authors at a minimum suggests that they are often understood, treated and addressed as cultural factors, often by people intimately involved in the struggle against HIV/AIDS.
Full Answer
Does culture play a role in the etiology of AIDS?
Jun 25, 2013 · Early in the study of HIV/AIDS, culture was invoked to explain differences in the disease patterns between sub-Saharan Africa and Western countries. Unfortunately, in an attempt to explain the statistics, many of the presumed risk factors were impugned in the absence of evidence. Many cultural practices were stripped of their meanings, societal context and …
What is cultural bias and how does it affect you?
Ethics is a term that can imply lofty, philosophical discussions, far removed from the everyday world. In reality, workers in the substance abuse treatment field are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas on an individual as well as a societal level. Ethics is an intellectual approach to moral issues, a philosophical framework from which to critically evaluate the choices and actions …
Do cultural risk factors explain the global disparities in HIV prevalence?
Mar 30, 2013 · Campinha-Bacote’s well-known model for cultural competency in health care, initially developed in 1991 and revised/expanded several times since then, is a staple of the transcultural nursing literature that has been used by many organizations and researchers as a foundation for building their own culturally competent programs.1 Although it is ...
Do obsolete traditions affect HIV/AIDS rapid transmission in Africa?
Sep 16, 2013 · The Responding to AIDS: History, Politics, and Visual Culture module is divided into three two-hour units that explore thematic and visual material in the Surviving and Thriving exhibition, as listed below. Each class includes a brief introduction with instructional notes and provides a selection of primary and secondary readings along with suggested class discussion …
What cultural group is most affected by AIDS?
What impact did AIDS have on society?
How did the public react to the AIDS epidemic?
What is the stigma associated with AIDS?
AIDS and institutions
Although the AIDS epidemic started in the US in 1981 and grew rapidly after that, a closer look at Figure 1 reveals that the change in opinion is discontinuous. Indeed, public opinion doesn’t change until around 1992, whereupon it jumps up sharply. The year 1992 was an important one in the US.
AIDS and gender
Figure 5 shows that although men and women held similar opinions regarding same-sex relationships in the 1970s, by the 1990s there is a significant gender gap in approval, with women being on average 6 percentage points more positive.
Concluding thoughts
What are the lessons of our work for thinking about cultural change? We think that one should not conclude that a negative shock to a marginalised group will lead to positive cultural change towards this group. The case of gay individuals is special, as it transcends class and racial distinctions.
What are the barriers to care?
Here’s what the BE SAFE mnemonic covers: 1 Barriers to Care–real or perceived gaps to receiving/providing quality care that are compounded by the relationship of HIV/AIDS to ethnicity (e.g., mistrust of the medical community, lack of access to care, stigmas surrounding HIV, and bias in medical decision-making). 2 Ethics–the science of the human condition as it applies to morality, belief systems and “right” vs. “wrong” behavior. 3 Sensitivity of the Provider–cultural awareness and self-examination of one’s biases and prejudices toward other cultures as well as one’s own cultural background. 4 Assessment–ability to collect relevant patient health history data in the context of the patient’s culture (e.g., being attuned to how the patient’s cultural needs affect outcomes, adherence and follow-up). 5 Facts–understanding of physiology, behavior, health disparities, patients’ cultural beliefs and values, patients’ perceptions of their illness, and biological variations in HIV/AIDS. 6 Encounters–communicating effectively with minority patients in face-to-face clinical interactions; awareness of cultural norms related to communication.
What is Campinha-Bacote's model?
Campinha-Bacote’s well-known model for cultural competency in health care, initially developed in 1991 and revised/expanded several times since then, is a staple of the transcultural nursing literature that has been used by many organizations and researchers as a foundation for building their own culturally competent programs.1 Although it is not AIDS-specific, Campinha-Bacote’s model–along with her additional input–were used by the National Minority AIDS Education & Training Center (NMAETC), a HRSA-funded training and technical resource based at Howard University in Washington, D.C., to develop its BE SAFE series of cultural competency models for health care providers. In turn, a number of minority HIV/AIDS nurses are now adapting the BE SAFE model as a launching point for new projects.
Is tribal medicine an alternative to Western medicine?
For instance, in some Native American populations, tribal medicine men and women are the primary care providers and Western medicine is the “alternative.” “Indigenous health care providers will deal with the spiritual, mental and a portion of the physical needs” in treating Native patients, the BE SAFE authors explain.
Is co-ed education allowed in Muslim culture?
In addition, age is an important consideration in allowing co-ed education of any kind, especially sex education. According to ElGindy, this is permitted (though discouraged) in Muslim culture only after a person reaches adulthood.
What is the CLAS?
Guidelines such as the Office of Minority Health’s National Standards on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) can provide helpful ideas for breaking down language barriers–and some of the CLAS standards are actually mandatory for health care facilities that receive federal funding.
What is the response to AIDS?
The Responding to AIDS: History, Politics, and Visual Culture module is divided into three two-hour units that explore thematic and visual material in the Surviving and Thriving exhibition, as listed below. Each class includes a brief introduction with instructional notes and provides a selection of primary and secondary readings along with suggested class discussion questions designed to draw out some of main themes explored in the readings and exhibition. The module is designed to provide instructional resources that an educator may adapt in whole or in parts, as is appropriate for specific academic goals in a variety of disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, and professional or applied sciences. Information about the module’s author, suggested use, and academic objectives is also available online at About the Module.
What is class 2 in AIDS?
Class 2: U.S. Government (In)Action. Unit 2: AIDS and Visual Culture. The “AIDS and Visual Culture” unit introduces students to the subject of visual culture and challenges them to interpret the role of imagery in the history of responses to AIDS.
What is cultural bias?
Cultural bias is the interpretation of situations, actions, or data based on the standards of one's own culture. Cultural biases are grounded in the assumptions one might have due to the culture in which they are raised. Some examples of cultural influences that may lead to bias include: Social scientists, like psychologists, economists, ...
What are some examples of cultural influences that may lead to bias?
Some examples of cultural influences that may lead to bias include: Linguistic interpretation. Ethical concepts of right and wrong. Understanding of facts or evidence-based proof. Intentional or unintentional ethnic or racial bias. Religious beliefs or understanding. Sexual attraction and mating. Social scientists, like psychologists, economists, ...
What are some examples of cultural bias?
Some examples of cultural influences that may lead to bias include: Linguistic interpretation. Ethical concepts of right and wrong. Understanding of facts or evidence-based proof. Intentional or unintentional ethnic or racial bias.
How does cultural bias affect hiring?
Cultural biases in the hiring process may lead to less racial or cultural diversity in the workplace. Hiring managers seek to eliminate cultural biases in a number of ways, including hiding names or pictures from resumes (making them anonymous) and using diverse interview panels. In public.
What is intentional bias?
Intentional or unintentional ethnic or racial bias. Religious beliefs or understanding. Sexual attraction and mating. Social scientists, like psychologists, economists, anthropologists, and sociologists, seek to identify cultural differences in their research in order to better inform their interpretation of data.
Is the HIV epidemic directed solely by person-level behaviors?
Taken together, the extant literature suggests that the perpetuation of the HIV epidemic in gay and bisexual men is not directed solely by person-level behaviors but is influenced by a range of contextual factors, rooted in cultural, historical, and political structures in this country.
Is poverty a factor in HIV?
Mays, Cochran, and Zamudio (2004) revealed similar findings in a study of gay, bisexual and other MSM. Poverty has been identified by the United Nations Population Fund (2003) as a critical factor in the spread and treatment of HIV.
What are the experiences of oppression and homophobia?
Experiences with oppression and homophobia, which tend to pervade family, school and community settings, are especially relevant for gay and bisexual young men, who are in the process of establishing their personal identities.
What is cultural bias?
Cultural Bias. Cultural bias is something that develops over time. First it "points out differences among cultural groups ranging from social values, rules of conduct, taboos, and beliefs, to language, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, and more" (Gilstein, 2016, para. 2).
Is bias intentional or implicit?
Bias can be both explicit and implicit, intentional and unintentional. The interesting thing about bias is how and why it develops. Often it is rooted in fear and even denial. People are easily intimidated by things that are different, and they are motivated by acceptance.
Why should forensic evaluations have less bias?
Diagnoses from forensic evaluations should theoretically have less bias than general psychiatric evaluations because of the wealth of collateral information, length of forensic evaluations, and consideration of multiple hypotheses. 4 However, errors occur.
What happens if forensic psychiatrists ignore cultural differences?
If we as forensic psychiatrists ignore or misinterpret cultural differences, we risk errors in our cases and misunderstanding of more important matters. Blindness to culture is never the answer. We each must consider our own potential biases, such as by seeking peer review. At the same time, we must identify our own knowledge gaps about culture and seek appropriate remedies, such as additional learning opportunities and cultural consultation. We must complete culturally appropriate forensic assessments and be prepared to correct misconceptions in courtroom testimony. Finally, we must remember that culture is part of us all, not only the defendant in front of us.
What is Pepeha in forensics?
Pepeha (lengthy introductions of the individual, which include personal identifications with the land and the people) are routinely given in youth courts. Within each forensic psychiatry treatment team (whether in the forensic hospital, the prison, or community), cultural advisors are important members.
What is cultural competence?
Cultural competence is about much more than memorizing the meaning of amok (and the “strange” actions of “other” people in faraway lands), as we did in medical school. We are not neutral observers of culture, but also products of the culture from which we observe. Cultural competence includes self-awareness, core knowledge of other groups, recognition of the limitations of one's cultural knowledge, and application of forensic skills in a culturally appropriate way so that we may understand the individuals in the case. 3 We should be cognizant of language problems, communication styles (asking open-ended questions where possible), and cultural manifestations of distress, values, and power relationships. Understanding cultural values and beliefs is important for completing a meaningful forensic assessment. 9 Behaviors and reasoning processes, when considered in the context of the individual's culture, may be understood better. 1, 10
What did President Clinton say about AIDS?
In October, President Clinton declares AIDS to be a “severe and ongoing health crisis” in African American and Hispanic communities in the United States and announces a special package of initiatives aimed at reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS on racial and ethnic minorities.
When was the first road to AIDS 2012?
On September 30, the first Road to AIDS 2012 Town Hall meeting kicks off in San Francisco.
When was the first AIDS clinic opened?
1983. January 1: Ward 86 , the world’s first dedicated outpatient AIDS clinic, opens at San Francisco General Hospital. The clinic is a collaboration between the hospital and the University of California, San Francisco, and it draws staff who are passionate about treating people with AIDS.
What is the FDA approved drug for AIDS?
On October 26, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves use of zidovudine (AZT) for pediatric AIDS.
When did the CDC start the AIDS program?
(CDC will start the Labor Responds to AIDS program in 1995. )
How long does HIV/AIDS last in Africa?
Average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa falls from 62 years to 47 years as a result of AIDS.
What is the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief?
PEPFAR is a $15 billion, 5-year plan to combat AIDS, primarily in countries with a high burden of infections.
Aids and Institutions
Aids and Gender
- Figure 5 shows that although men and women held similar opinions regarding same-sex relationships in the 1970s, by the 1990s there is a significant gender gap in approval, with women being on average 6 percentage points more positive. In fact, when we run the difference-in-difference regressions separately by gender, we find that only women reacted...
Concluding Thoughts
- What are the lessons of our work for thinking about cultural change? We think that one should not conclude that a negative shock to a marginalised group will lead to positive cultural change towards this group. The case of gay individuals is special, as it transcends class and racial distinctions. Furthermore, from the perspective of a parent or a potential parent who might one …
References
- Adams, N R, and G R Waddell (2018), “Policy-induced belief updating: What can we learn from the extension of marriage rights to same-sex couples?”, monograph. Aksoy, C G, C S Carpenter, R De Haas and K Tran (2018), “Do laws shape attitudes? Evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe”, IZA Economics Discussion Paper 11743. Attanasio, O, and V Lec…
Endnotes
- See www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/app-categories/elections-and-transitions/party-platformsfor party platform texts. As quoted in theNew York Timesmagazine (1992), ‘Gay Politics Goes Mainstream’, 11 October. Our analysis ends in 2002 as in 2003 the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage, thus changing the debate. Note that the exposure to t…