how did spanish treatment of indians change because of enlightenmen

How were the natives treated by the Spanish explorers?

Spanish explorers considered the natives inferior. Consequently, they forcibly converted natives to Christianity, confined them to slavery and murdered them. In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Hispaniola. Upon encountering natives in the new land,...

How did the Enlightenment affect the Spanish Inquisition?

The Enlightenment emphasized scientific inquiry and approaches to the world, which could be in conflict with religious world views. The Spanish Inquisition had the power to censor books and suppress unorthodox thought, but increasingly ideas of the Enlightenment circulated in Spain.

How did the Enlightenment affect Charles I of Spain?

The Enlightenment had been a force of anticlericalism in Europe, and Charles, in applying its lessons to Spain, saw it less stridently, seeking to strengthen the power of the crown (regalism) against that of the Catholic Church and the papacy.

How did the economic system used by the Spanish colonists affect Native Americans?

The economic system which was used by the Spanish colonists incorporated the Native American population but also repressed it. Native Americans worked a plot of land called a encomienda, which was granted to a colonist by the governor.

How did the Spanish treat the Native Americans quizlet?

The Spanish treated the natives very violently. They had taken natives as slaves and murdered those who were not of use.

What did the New Laws of the Indies do quizlet?

His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor. Ban the use of Native Americans as slaves, not all slaves just Native American slaves. These laws were not well enforced because Spain was too far away.

Why were colonial assemblies critical of the Albany Plan of Union?

Why were colonial assemblies critical of the Albany Plan of Union? They felt their respective colonial assemblies would lose power. The participants in South Carolina's Stono Reblellion: included some who apparrently had been soldiers in Africa.

How did Spain try to change its American colonies?

How did Spain try to change its American colonies with the New Laws of the Indies in 1542? The laws forbade enslavement and abuse of Native Americans. What is true about the economic system of capitalism? ​It encourages private ownership of most businesses.

How did Spain controlled its American empire?

In order to control its new empire, Spain created a formal system of government to rule its colonies. todemand labor or taxes from Native Americans. The Spanish forced Native Americans to work in the gold and silver mines.

What was the colonial reaction to the Albany Plan?

Despite the support of many colonial leaders, the plan, as formulated at Albany, did not become a reality. Colonial governments, sensing that it would curb their own authority and territorial rights, either rejected the plan or chose not to act on it at all.

What effect did the Albany Plan of Union have on the colonies during the French and Indian War?

Acknowledging the tendency of royal colonial governors to override colonial legislatures and pursue unpopular policies, the Albany Plan gave the Grand Council greater relative authority. The plan also allowed the new government to levy taxes for its own support.

Who led the American version of the Enlightenment quizlet?

43. The American version of the Enlightenment: c. was exemplified by Benjamin Franklin.

What was the impact of the Enlightenment on Spain?

The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment had a strong impact in Spain and a ripple effect in Spanish American Enlightenment in Spain's overseas empire. Despite the general anticlerical tendencies of the Enlightenment, Spain and Spanish America held Roman Catholicism as a core identity. When French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte invaded ...

When did the Enlightenment start in Spain?

Enlightenment in Spain. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment ( Spanish: Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700. The period of reform and ' enlightened despotism ' under the eightenteenth-century Bourbons focused on centralizing ...

What was the purpose of the Bourbon reforms?

In the political and economic sphere, the crown implemented a series of changes, collectively known as the Bourbon reforms, which were aimed at making the overseas empire more prosperous to the benefit of Spain. The Enlightenment in Spain sought the expansion of scientific knowledge, which had been urged by Benedictine monk Benito Feijóo.

What were the ideas of the Enlightenment?

The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment ( Spanish: Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty , following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700. The period of reform and ' enlightened despotism ' under the eightenteenth-century Bourbons focused on centralizing and modernizing the Spanish government, and improvement of infrastructure, beginning with the rule of King Charles III and the work of his minister, José Moñino, count of Floridablanca. In the political and economic sphere, the crown implemented a series of changes, collectively known as the Bourbon reforms, which were aimed at making the overseas empire more prosperous to the benefit of Spain.

What was the first institution in Spain during the Bourbon era?

Even at the beginning of the Bourbon era, Spain was already creating institutions to systematize and promote intellectual research in the early eighteenth century with the founding of the National Library (1711), Royal Spanish Academy (1713), and the Royal Academy of History (1738).

What happened to Spain during the Napoleonic period?

In most parts of Spanish America during the Napoleonic period in Spain, wars of independence broke out, so that by the time Bourbon Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne in 1814, much of Spanish America had achieved independence and established constitutional republics. New Spain (Mexico) and Peru were the exceptions, ...

What were the Royal Botanical Expeditions?

There were extended Royal Botanical Expeditions to Chile and Peru (1777–88) , New Granada (1783–1816), and New Spain (1787–1803), which scholars are now examining afresh. which produced a huge number of detailed botanical drawings and specimens destined for the Royal Botanical Garden and the Royal Natural History Cabinet in Madrid. The Malaspina Expedition was an important scientific expedition headed by Spanish naval commander Alejandro Malaspina over five years (1789–94), with naturalists and botanical illustrators gathering information for the Spanish crown. The illustrators on the voyage included José de Pozo, trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, and, with other artists on the voyage, produced a plethora of botanical images as well as coastal views, ethnographic images, views of the expedition's ships, Descubierta and Atrevida, and a self-portrait in Patagonia. In Mexico, the Malaspina Expedition helped spur the founding of a botanical garden in Mexico City, as well as the Museo de Historia Natural. The crown also funded the Balmis Expedition in 1804 to vaccinate colonial populations against smallpox.

What economic system did the Spanish colonists use to repress Native Americans?

The economic system which was used by the Spanish colonists incorporated the Native American population but also repressed it. Native Americans worked a plot of land called a encomienda, which was granted to a colonist by the governor. Indian laborers worked without pay at tasks such as tanning hides and were required to provide the owner ...

What did the Mestizos do?

Mestizos, or people of Spanish and Indian origin, could not hold any public offices and worked only in crafts. On the lowest rung were the Indians who worked on the encomiendas for the Spanish. By making race a factor in a person's economic status, colonial Spain succeeded in oppressing the natives.

What were the similarities between native and Catholic religions?

Similarities between native and Catholic religions such as the belief in a higher power also aided the process of blending the cultures together. The tolerance of the friars for the natives ended after the drought of the 1670s.

What was the economic system of Spain?

The Spanish economic system created a society of extremes. Owners of land were profiting from the labor of native peoples. The tributes and labor were expected even in times of crisis such as drought, further oppressing the natives. In colonial Spain's economic system, a person's race determined their place in society.

What was the system of Indians that was devised to deal with the Indians?

If they refused, they could be forced to comply. Many did resist and a system was devised to deal with them. It was known as the encomienda. Under this system Indians were regarded as part of the land: When land grants were made to settlers, the native inhabitants became a part of the grant.

Who was the Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631?

Like the Spanish priests who were appalled at the treatment of the Indians, some English observers also spoke out. Roger Williams, a Separatist Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631, charged that the English had no right to occupy land that the Indians were already living on.

When did Christopher Columbus land on Hispaniola?

NATIVE AMERICANS, TREATMENT OF ( SPAIN VS. ENGLAND) (ISSUE) When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he met natives there. When this was reported to Queen Isabella of Spain, she immediately decreed that the natives (Indians as the Spanish would call them) were her subjects and were morally equal to all her other ...

Did the North American Indians die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean?

This intermingling, however, did not produce the same results as that of the Spaniards. The North American Indians did not die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean and the English, who came in families, did not inter-marry with the Indians as frequently as the Spaniards.

How did the Enlightenment affect the world?

The Enlightenment demanded freedom of thinking, independent of religious doctrine.

What were the Enlightenment ideals?

The ideals of the Enlightenment had a major impact on the colonists and the founding fathers of the United States used many of these ideas in their new government. Major elements of our democracy, such as “separation of powers” and “checks and balances” came from Enlightenment writers like Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire.

What did the Spanish demand from the Pueblo people?

According to both Pueblo oral history and Spanish documents, at the same time the Spanish demanded that the Pueblo people render implicit obedience and pay heavy tribute in goods and personal service.

What did the Spanish do to the Pueblos?

As they had done in other parts of the Americas, the Spanish installed a combination of military and ecclesiastical leadership in New Mexico. The Spanish established missions of Franciscan friars in several pueblos to specifically break up the Indigenous religious and secular communities, stamp out religious practices and replace them with Christianity. According to both Pueblo oral history and Spanish documents, at the same time the Spanish demanded that the Pueblo people render implicit obedience and pay heavy tribute in goods and personal service. Active efforts to convert the Pueblo people to Christianity involved destroying kivas and other structures, burning ceremonial paraphernalia in public plazas, and using accusations of witchcraft to imprison and execute traditional ceremonial leaders.

What were the efforts to convert the Pueblo people to Christianity?

Active efforts to convert the Pueblo people to Christianity involved destroying kivas and other structures, burning ceremonial paraphernalia in public plazas, and using accusations of witchcraft to imprison and execute traditional ceremonial leaders.

What was the Pueblo revolt?

The Great Pueblo Revolt, or Pueblo Revolt (1680–1696), was a 16-year period in the history of the American southwest when the Pueblo people overthrew the Spanish conquistadors and began to rebuild their communities. The events of that period have been viewed over the years as a failed attempt to permanently expel Europeans ...

What were the realities of the Spanish rule?

Hopi oral histories report that the reality of the Spanish rule included forced labor, the seduction of Hopi women, raiding of kivas and sacred ceremonies, harsh punishment for failing to attend mass, and several rounds of drought and famine.

What happened after the trial in Santa Fe?

After a "trial," everyone over the age of 12 was enslaved; all men over 25 had a foot amputated. Roughly 80 years later, a combination of religious persecution and economic oppression led to a violent uprising in Santa Fe and other communities of what is today northern New Mexico.

When did the Pueblo people rebuild?

Revitalization and Reconstruction. Between 1680 and 1692, despite the efforts of the Spanish to recapture the region, the Pueblo people rebuilt their kivas, revived their ceremonies and reconsecrated their shrines.

Overview

The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment (Spanish: Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700. The period of reform and 'enlightened despotism' under the eightenteenth-century Bourbons focused on centralizing and modernizing the Spanish government, and improvement of infrastructure, beginning with the rule of King Charles III and the work of his minister, José Moñin…

Bourbon Spain

The Enlightenment in Spain

See also

Further reading

External links