Full Answer
How did the conquistadores treat the natives?
Conditions worsened for the natives as new fleets came and the conquistadores enslaved them. Spaniards found out they had guns while natives had only arrows and knives at best. The conquistadores also started to feel attraction towards native women, so they forced them sexually creating mestizos.
How did the Spanish treat the natives of the New World?
Upon encountering natives in the new land, he notified Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain, who instructed Columbus to make the natives subjects of Spain. The sailors were ordered to treat the natives humanely, and they were to be considered equal.
How were the sailors ordered to treat the natives?
The sailors were ordered to treat the natives humanely, and they were to be considered equal. The queen ordered the natives to be converted to Christianity and taught European behaviors. However, she did not authorize slavery.
How did the conquistadors use their authority to the fullest?
The conquistadors used their authority to the fullest by enslaving the local populations and literally working them to death in the fields and mines. Any resistance was met by swift murderous reprisals by the Spanish.
How did the conquistadors treat the natives?
The Spanish conquistadors, who went to Hispaniola and then to other Caribbean islands and finally to the mainland, were rough and violent. They took what they wanted, and when the Indians resisted--or even when they did not--the conquistadors attacked and slaughtered them.
How did the Spanish justify their treatment of the natives?
While the Pope had granted Spain sovereignty over the New World, de Las Casas argued that the property rights and rights to their own labor still belonged to the native peoples. Natives were subjects of the Spanish crown, and to treat them as less than human violated the laws of God, nature, and Spain.
What did the Spanish conquistadors do to the natives?
In the Caribbean, most of the native populations were completely wiped out due to Spanish rapine and diseases. In Mexico, Hernan Cortes and Pedro de Alvarado (1485–1581) ordered the Cholula Massacre and the Temple Massacre respectively, killing thousands of unarmed men, women, and children.
How did the Spanish justify their right to rule?
The conversion of pagan natives to Christianity was the rationale for and legitimized Spain's conquests. Thus "informed" by the Spanish, the Native people of the land had to accept the supremacy of the Catholic Church and the Spanish Crown. The state was authorized to enforce submission, by war if necessary.
How did the Spanish treat the natives quizlet?
The Spanish treated the natives very violently. They had taken natives as slaves and murdered those who were not of use.
How did Spanish conquistadors treat the Tainos?
How did Spanish conquistadors treat the Tainos? They mistreated them by raping their women, beating their men, enslaving them, and killing most of them while searching for gold. As a result, the Taino population dropped to 6,000-8,000 people.
How did the arrival of the conquistadors impact the natives?
Europeans carried a hidden enemy to the Indians: new diseases. Native peoples of America had no immunity to the diseases that European explorers and colonists brought with them. Diseases such as smallpox, influenza, measles, and even chicken pox proved deadly to American Indians.
What was the purpose of the conquistadors?
The Spanish conquistadors were essentially sanctioned pirates. Their goal was to claim land and resources for their investors and conquer natives of other lands for treasure and glory. They also were vital in the spread and enforcement of religion.
How was conquest justified?
English justifications for conquest centered on their right to conquer peoples who violated the laws of nations, on the right to challenge Catholic and Spanish rule in the Americas, as well as on the desire for economic gain.
How did Spaniards justify conquest and territorial expansion in the Americas?
The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the vast territory. The main motivations for colonial expansion were profit through resource extraction and the spread of Catholicism through indigenous conversions.
How did the Requerimiento justify cruel Spanish rule?
The Requerimiento of 1513 was written by the Spanish jurist Juan López. It was written to justify enslaving the Native Americans living in the lands that the Spanish Empire conquered if they didn't submit to Spanish rule.
What were the Spanish conquistadors cruel to?
The Spanish conquistadors were unquestionably cruel to Native Americans. England’s colonists, however, were equally hostile toward the natives they encountered. The success of England’s colonies depended on the exploitation of Native Americans who were forced off their lands. Religion was often used to justify the poor treatment of the natives.
Why did the colonists give up their land?
The Native Americans were forced to give up their lands so the colonists could grow even more tobacco. In addition to their desire for land, the English also used religion to justify bloodshed.
Why was religion used in Native American colonial life?
Religion was often used to justify the poor treatment of the natives. Both England’s economic system and religion led to Native American oppression. John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1612. Jamestown’s tobacco growers made a lot of money by trading tobacco with the Europeans.
Did the Puritans believe God supported the extermination of the Pequot?
The Pequot had previously killed several English captains so the Puritans claimed God supported their extermination of the Pequot for the killing of Englishmen. Since they were Christians and the Pequot were seen as heathens, the Puritans felt justified in their actions. Like this: Like.
What was the treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish?
Spanish treatment of the Native Americans was poor. Spanish explorers considered the natives inferior. Consequently, they forcibly converted natives to Christianity, confined them to slavery and murdered them. In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Hispaniola.
How did the Spanish exploit natives?
Spanish exploitation of native populations gradually moved westward, as the explorers continued their quest for silver, gold and other valuable natural resources. They continued their inhumane treatment of native populations in South America, and eventually moved north into North America. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. When settlers claimed a piece of land, they were also given a group of natives with it. The natives forcibly worked the land by planting crops and mining for the landowners. This allowed the settlers to maintain control over the natives without enslaving them.
What happened to the natives of the Caribbean after Columbus's landing?
In the 20 years following Columbus's landing on Hispaniola, Spanish explorers extended their reach to other Caribbean islands. Native populations in Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Cuba were also forced into slavery.
What was the first action that Columbus took?
After discovering the natives, one of the first actions Columbus took was enslaving them. He shipped hundreds of slaves back to Spain, which infuriated Queen Isabella, who demanded their return to Hispaniola. Columbus also forced native men to collect gold and return it to the sailors.
What did Columbus do to the natives?
Columbus also forced native men to collect gold and return it to the sailors. If the men did not reach their 90-day quota, they were punished by death. In addition to the unethical practices that the explorers launched against the natives, they also brought diseases with them from Europe.
Who was the priest who advocated for better treatment of the natives?
Believing that the Laws of Burgos were still too harsh, Bartolome de Las Casas, another priest, advocated for better treatment of the natives.
When did Columbus arrive in Hispaniola?
In 1492 , Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Hispaniola. Upon encountering natives in the new land, he notified Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain, who instructed Columbus to make the natives subjects of Spain. The sailors were ordered to treat the natives humanely, and they were to be considered equal.
Why did Native Americans not use their land for cultivation?
Either way, they were not using those lands for cultivation because of their primary dependency upon hunting.
Why did the colonists and the new government justify their actions?
Colonists and the new government justified – Because the natives supported the British rule, so they have no right to stay in this new country and claim any convenience.
What countries moved to the new world in the 1500s?
Commotion struck once the news reached Europe. From the 1500 century, in countries like Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain, people started migrating to the new world with the hope of better life and also for establishing colonies. At that time there was no lack of land to live on that continent.
What happened after the independence of the 13 colonies?
During this period of time, the Native people here supported the Empire of Great Britain against the colonists (or revolutionaries) of the 13 colonies.
What was the system of Indians that was devised to deal with the Indians?
If they refused, they could be forced to comply. Many did resist and a system was devised to deal with them. It was known as the encomienda. Under this system Indians were regarded as part of the land: When land grants were made to settlers, the native inhabitants became a part of the grant.
When did Christopher Columbus land on Hispaniola?
NATIVE AMERICANS, TREATMENT OF ( SPAIN VS. ENGLAND) (ISSUE) When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he met natives there. When this was reported to Queen Isabella of Spain, she immediately decreed that the natives (Indians as the Spanish would call them) were her subjects and were morally equal to all her other ...
What was Columbus' first illegal act?
Columbus' first illegal act was to ship five hundred Indians back to Spain as slaves. When Queen Isabella heard of this, she immediately ordered that the Indians be freed and sent back to Hispaniola.
Who was the Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631?
Like the Spanish priests who were appalled at the treatment of the Indians, some English observers also spoke out. Roger Williams, a Separatist Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631, charged that the English had no right to occupy land that the Indians were already living on.
Did the North American Indians die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean?
This intermingling, however, did not produce the same results as that of the Spaniards. The North American Indians did not die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean and the English, who came in families, did not inter-marry with the Indians as frequently as the Spaniards.
What were the arguments for the Spanish granting the American colonies?
Spain proffered three arguments to justify their seizure of the American continents and their subjugation of the native inhabitants: papal donation, discovery, and conquest . Under papal donation the Spanish crown ’ s lawyers noted that Jesus Christ had given St. Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven. According to the officials of the Catholic Church, this bequest, called the Petrine Mandate, gave Peter ’ s successors, the Catholic popes in Rome, the right to convey title to and dominion over lands that had been, or might be, discovered by a Christian nation. With the Inter Caetera Divinae, Pope Alexander VI conveyed title to most of the Americas to Spain. This papal donation was a significant argument for title so long as the Catholic Church remained the only spiritual authority in Europe. After the Protestant Reformation, however, the Protestant nations of Europe rejected the idea that the Pope could convey title of undiscovered lands to favored kings.
What did the English Nationalists see in the theory of conquest?
English nationalists, on the other hand, who could not claim that their nation held title by papal donation or original discovery, saw the theory of conquest as a separate doctrine that they could use to trump the claims of Spain. The Rights of Non-Christians.
What countries objected to the papal donation and discovery?
In the sixteenth century England, Holland, and France would object to this Spanish argument as well. Conquest. Papal donation and discovery were based on the presumption that the lands of non- Christians were open to seizure by Christian nations. However, to many legal theorists of the time, papal donation and discovery alone did not confer ...
What could Europeans do under the flag of cultural arrogance?
Under that flag of cultural arrogance Europeans could invade and conquer the lands of non-Christians, and they could by right sanctioned by God take the lands of the conquered and make them their own. Ultimately, though, the title conferred by these doctrines was only as good as the military power behind it.
What did the discovering nation leave to signify?
Under this theory a nation acquired the right to exclusive possession of newly discovered lands that were not previously claimed or possessed by a Christian monarch. Usually the discovering nation left a memento — a cross, plaque, or perhaps a coat of arms — to signify its claim.
What was the second prong of the Spanish title?
Discovery. The doctrine of discovery, the second prong of Spanish title, was devised by Church officials during the time of the Crusades.
Who gave the title of the Catholic Church to Spain?
With the Inter Caetera Divinae, Pope Alexander VI conveyed title to most of the Americas to Spain. This papal donation was a significant argument for title so long as the Catholic Church remained the only spiritual authority in Europe.
Why did men become ill in the New World?
Wheat was a staple in the European diet, but in Hispaniola, maize was the staple crop. Men became ill because their bodies could not process the corn.
What did the colonists complain about?
Soon after settlement occurred in Hispaniola, colonists began to complain of the harsh treatment they suffered under their governor and his brothers. When an investigation into charges against Columbus opened, 23 colonists testified about their governor’s treatment of settlers and native people.
What did Columbus do after he was released from prison?
Upon his release from prison, Columbus petitioned King Ferdinand for a fourth voyage of exploration of the New World, which was granted. Advertisement. In April 1502, Columbus once again set sail for a voyage across the Atlantic. This voyage was treacherous.
How long did Columbus stay in prison?
King Ferdinand released the men after six weeks .
What happened on October 12, 1492?
On October 12, 1492, at roughly 2 am, a sailor on watch aboard the Pinta spotted land. His captain confirmed this sighting and shot off a cannon to notify Columbus who was captaining the Santa Maria. Columbus stated that he too saw the land and had claimed it for Spain.
Why did Bartholomew Columbus go to England?
Bartholomew Columbus went to England in an attempt of gaining an audience with then King Henry VII but was denied. Finally, the brothers were able to obtain an audience with Queen Isabella I of Spain. Columbus meeting with the Queen. Public Domain.
Who removed Christopher Columbus from his governorship?
Donna Patricia Ward - October 17, 2017. The King and Queen of Spain removed Christopher Columbus from his governorship in 1500. Since his first voyage, Christopher Columbus had been the Viceroy and Governor of Hispaniola. In this capacity, he appointed his three brothers and two sons to high positions in the colonial government.
What did Tecumseh do to the Indians?
In the early 1800s, the rise of the charismatic Shawnee war leader, Tecumseh, and his brother, known as the Prophet, convinced Indians of various tribes that it was in their interest to stop tribal in-fighting and band together to protect their mutual interests. The decision by Indiana Territorial Governor (and later President) William Henry Harrison in 1811 to attack and burn Prophetstown, the Indian capital on the Tippecanoe River, while Tecumseh was away campaigning the Choctaws for more warriors, incited the Shawnee leader to attack again. This time he persuaded the British to fight alongside his warriors against the Americans. Tecumseh’s death and defeat at the Battle of the Thames in 1813 made the Ohio frontier “safe” for settlers—at least for a time.
Who killed the Christianized Delaware Indians?
In 1782, a group of militiamen from Pennsylvania killed 96 Christianized Delaware Indians, illustrating the growing contempt for native people. Captain David Williamson ordered the converted Delawares, who had been blamed for attacks on white settlements, to go to the cooper shop two at a time, where militiamen beat them to death with wooden mallets and hatchets.
What battle did Tecumseh defeat?
This time he persuaded the British to fight alongside his warriors against the Americans. Tecumseh’s death and defeat at the Battle of the Thames in 1813 made the Ohio frontier “safe” for settlers—at least for a time. Creek Indians and inhabitants of Fort Mims, Alabama, during the Creek War, 1813.
What happened in 1782?
In 1782, a group of militiamen from Pennsylvania killed 96 Christianized Delaware Indians, illustrating the growing contempt for native people.
Where did Custer attack the Indians?
Expecting another great surprise victory, Custer attacked the largest gathering of warriors on the high plains on June 25, 1876 —near Montana’s Little Big Horn river. Custer’s death at the hands of Indians making their own last stand only intensified propaganda for military revenge to bring “peace” to the frontier.
How many Creeks did Jackson kill?
To avenge the Creek-led massacre at Fort Mims, Jackson and his men slaughtered 186 Creeks at Tallushatchee. “We shot them like dogs!” said Davy Crockett. In desperation, Mvskoke Creek women killed their children so they would not see the soldiers butcher them.
How many Indians were removed from the East?
From 1830 to 1840, the U.S. army removed 60,000 Indians—Choctaw, Creek, Cherokee and others—from the East in exchange for new territory west of the Mississippi. Thousands died along the way of what became known as the “Trail of Tears.”. And as whites pushed ever westward, the Indian-designated territory continued to shrink.
