How does a water treatment plant work?
The water is treated in a water treatment plant to remove sediment (by filtration and/or settling) and bacteria (typically with ozone, ultraviolet light and chlorine). The output from the water treatment plant is clear, germ-free water.
Why is the design of a water system so complicated?
The design of this system is complicated because pipelines get water from different directions. The size of pipes is larger and more sluice valves are required. It is most applicable for a planned city where roads and streets are provided in well-planned rectangular and squares grid patterns.
How is the water supply system of a city divided?
In this system; the whole city is divided into parts and each part contains a centrally located distribution reservoir (elevated). The distribution pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery and are connected to the central distribution reservoir.
What are the units of water treatment plant (WTP)?
Understanding the effect of any unit of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) on the performance of the other units is very important in optimal design of a WTP. In some of the WTP a Primary settling is done in the unit of Pre-Sedimentation Tank (PST) in entrance of raw water to the WTP. In some WTP, the unit of PST is used only in flood condition.
What is the pump responsible for?
It's responsible for driving the fluid through the system, the pump provides the pressure. Pressure is increased when fluid particles are forced closer together. For example, in a fire extinguisher work or energy has been spent to pressurize the liquid chemical within, that energy can be stored and used later.
What are the characteristics of a pump system?
Pressure, friction and flow are three important characteristics of a pump system. Pressure is the driving force responsible for the movement of the fluid. Friction is the force that slows down fluid particles. Flow rate is the amount of volume that is displaced per unit time.
What is friction in pumping?
What is friction in a pump system. Friction is always present, even in fluids, it is the force that resists the movement of objects. When you move a solid on a hard surface, there is friction between the object and the surface. If you put wheels on it, there will be less friction.
How much friction is in a pump?
In industrial systems, friction is not normally a large part of a pump's energy output. For typical systems, it is around 25% of the total. If it becomes much higher then you should examine the system to see if the pipes are too small.
What happens when a water pump produces more water than the water system needs?
If the pump is producing more water than the water system needs, the excess flows automatically into the tank. If the community is demanding more water than the pump can supply, then water flows out of the tank to meet the need. This water tower comes complete with leaf, stem and that funny crease that peaches have.
What is water treatment?
The water is treated in a water treatment plant to remove sediment (by filtration and/or settling) and bacteria (typically with ozone, ultraviolet light and chlorine). The output from the water treatment plant is clear, germ-free water.
What is a water tower?
A water tower is a large, elevated tank of water that pressurizes water for distribution to all of the houses and businesses in the area of the tower. They are typically located on high ground and are large enough to hold about a day's worth of water for the community served by the tower.
How much water does a water tower hold?
A normal in-ground swimming pool in someone's backyard might hold something like 20,000 or 30,000 gallons (that's a lot of water!), and a typical water tower might hold 50 times that amount!
Why is a water tower important?
If the pumps fail (for example, during a power failure), the water tower holds enough water to keep things flowing for about a day. One of the big advantages of a water tower is that it lets a municipality size its pumps for average rather than peak demand. That can save a community a lot of money.
How much water does a pumping station use?
Say that the water consumption for a pumping station averages 500 gallons of water per minute (or 720,000 gallons over the course of a day). There will be times during the day when water consumption is much greater than 500 gallons per minute.
Why are water towers on top of buildings?
In a city, tall buildings often need to solve their own water pressure problems. Because the buildings are so tall, they often exceed the height that the city's water pressure can handle.
What is pumping system?
Pumping System. In this system, water is supplied to the consumers with the help of pumps. Some extra pumps are installed for emergency causes like fire hazards, peak water demand, etc. This method is suitable if the source is at a lower elevation than the target community.
What is a separate pump in a direct distribution system?
In this system, separate pumps are provided for direct distribution and elevated reservoir where the elevated reservoir is used for backup in an emergency, power failure, etc. The Distribution network is connected with both elevated reservoir and direct distribution system.
What is a tree system?
This system is also referred to as a tree system. It consists of one main pipe from which a number of sub-mains bifurcate and from each sub-main several branch pipes separate out which are called laterals.
What is a good water distribution system?
A good water distribution system aims to supply water to all the consumers whenever required in sufficient quantity with required pressure without any leakage. 1.1. Requirements of the good water distribution system. 1. The system should be economical to maintain and operate. 2.
What is intermittent water distribution?
The water flows in the consumer’s tap at certain intervals. So, it is called an intermittent system. 1.3. Methods of Water Distribution System. For efficient distribution, it is required that water should reach every consumer with the required rate of flow.
When the distribution reservoir is located at a higher elevation than the target community, then water can be supplied with the answer
When the distribution reservoir is located at a higher elevation than the target community; then water can be supplied with the gravity flow. This method is much suitable when the source is the river or impounded reservoir at sufficient height than the target community.
What is a reticular system?
This system is also referred to as a reticular or interlaced system. The entire system consists of one main pipe which runs through the centre. And also consists of branches and laterals which runs in a grid pattern. All of these three pipes are interconnected.
What is a water treatment plant?
Water treatment plant (WTP) can be described as water processing to attain water quality that meets specific end-user or community objectives. A WTP's performance assessment is a method for measuring functioning efficiencies based on certain performance indices such as degree of removal of pollutants such as turbidity, color, suspended impurities, etc. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Qandil WTP units, Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the WTP units by turbidity removal efficiency, water samples were collected from raw water, after clarification, after filtration, and storage tank. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit, filtration unit, after disinfection, and the entire Qandil WTP were 86.83 %, 91.28 %, 31.26%, and 99.29 %, respectively. Also, water quality index (WQI) for the WTP was studied. WQI assessment was made by testing 14 physicochemical and bacteriological drinking water quality parameters such as turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), Sulfate (SO4), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), Nitrate (NO3), and total Coliform. It has been found that turbidity, EC, total alkalinity, and total hardness had more effect on drinking water quality. WQI for Qandil WTP was 43.29 and it regarded as excellent level.
What is a WTP?
This work presented the design steps and calculation for each units of the water treatment plant (WTP), due to it’s important role domestically and drinking purpose. It also illustrated and designed the procedures of the water processing units by estimating water demand and designing the unit process. The objectives of this work were to estimate the water demand for a certain comminuity and to present design steps and calculations for the required units of a WTP.The design of the WTP units was applied to Greater-Zab River water for the selected location in Erbil City-Iraq. The quality and quantity of the Greater-Zab River water at various times were statistically analysed and presented.The units of the treatment processes involved intake, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, adsorption (optional), filtration, disinfection, storage, and pumping. The calculations and detailed drawings of the units were displayed, the average discharge and population of used for the WTP design were 60,000 m3/day and 200,000, respectively. In addition, the calculation required some of the parameters to be estimated as field data, which were taken into consideration. The outline results of each unit of the WTP were tabulated. It can be concluded that this work can be used as a source for designing other WTP units. A number of factors such as age of WTP, maintenance, economical and political situations, technical problems, and water demand had a graet impact on the removal efficiency of the WTP units.
