Thus, individual variation in speed vs accuracy of decision-making appears to reflect a trade-off between a greater baseline activity of areas associated with cognitive control (that slow down decision-making processes but increase their accuracy) and greater baseline activity of motor and subcortical areas (that enhance the speed of an action at the expense of accuracy).
Full Answer
What makes up the speed–accuracy trade-off?
This speed–accuracy trade-off gets contribution from all the levels involved in the production of a fast movement, from motor planning to movement mechanics. Developing effective text entry methods is a challenging task, partly because the goodness of the solution is multidimensional.
Is there a neurobiological basis for the speed–accuracy trade-off?
In the speed–accuracy trade-off, decisions are made slowly with high accuracy or fast with high error rate ( Chittka, Skorupski, & Raine, 2009 ). The neurobiological basis of this trade-off is well characterized.
What is the difference between Fitts’ law and the speed–accuracy trade-off?
While Fitts’ law links movement time to parameters of the task, there is a speed–accuracy trade-off that links movement time to parameters of actual performance.
What is an example of speed-accuracy trade-off?
This is an excerpt from Fundamentals of Motor Behavior by Jeffrey Fairbrother. You have probably experienced speed-accuracy trade-offs many times as you have completed various tasks (Fitts, 1954). For example, you know from experience that the faster you move your computer mouse, the more likely you are to miss the icon you are moving to click.
On the Origins of Adaptive Behavioral Complexity: Developmental Channeling of Structural Trade-offs
Renée A. Duckworth, ... Alexander V. Badyaev, in Advances in the Study of Behavior, 2018
Introduction to Shape Writing
As in all human skills, a text entry method operates on a speed–accuracy trade-off curve ( Fig. 7.4 ). As one shape writes faster (to the left on Fig. 7.4 ), she is increasingly more likely to draw a shape that is closer to an unintended word than the intended word, resulting in an entry error.
Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part C
Outside the laboratory, motor control is traditionally investigated with testing involving the completion of specific sport-technical skills. As mental fatigue alters the speed-accuracy trade-off, it is likely that more complex sport-technical skills such as soccer passing or shooting could be also impaired.
Cognitive Psychology of Memory
Memory search is considered based on studies that have measured the retrieval dynamics of recognition and recall including the analyses of mean response time, response time distributions, and speed–accuracy trade-off functions.
The Subthalamic Nucleus in Impulsivity
Different terms have been used to describe the impact of STN DBS on the decision-making process. “Premature responding” [48,50], a shift in “accuracy–speed trade-off” [78], a “hold your horse” function [16,54,90], changes in “decision threshold” [56], all terms concerning aspects of (motor) impulsivity [1].
Mathematical Modelling in Motor Neuroscience: State of the Art and Translation to the Clinic. Gaze Orienting Mechanisms and Disease
The spatial dependence of the lateral excitatory-inhibitory synaptic interactions and the adaptation time constants of collicular neurons in the collicular motor map ( Fig. 2A), betrays a neural organization that aims to optimize speed-accuracy trade-off for saccades (Harris and Wolpert, 2006 ).
Decision-Making and Vision
Considerable behavioral evidence suggests that both humans and monkeys suffer more errors when they make decisions quickly. In a recent study by our group, humans performed a random-dot motion-discrimination task. Individuals viewed a dynamic random-dot kinematogram and decided the net direction of motion of the dots.
Why do I need to slow down my mouse?
Similarly, you also know that you need to slow down to ensure that your key goes into the lock when you want to open your front door.
Does moving faster make you more accurate?
Skill Insight. Sometimes moving faster can make you more accurate. Although the general rule is that we trade speed for accuracy (or vice versa) when we make aiming movements, there are a couple of exceptions.
Is it better to swing an axe or swing a log?
This research suggests that faster might be better if the action requires us to move rapidly in the first place. For example, you need to swing an axe quite forcefully if you want to chop wood, so working to improve the speed of your swings might increase the accuracy of your blade placement on the tree or log.
Do people slow down?
Some people cannot seem to slow down even though they continually miss the target, while other people move so slowly that it stretches the imagination to use the word “speed” in connection with the task they are supposed to be completing. Many tasks have both speed and accuracy requirements.
Should you slow down when you miss a soccer ball?
After all, it does not matter how quickly you can kick a soccer ball if you always miss the goal. If, on the other hand, you are usually very accurate when you complete these types of tasks, you might try speeding up a bit to gain a greater advantage. If you miss your target too often, then you should slow down.
What is the relationship between perception and action?
The relation between perception and action, or how stimuli are identified and responses selected , has been the subject of much research throughout the history of psychology. Most contemporary research can be traced to two major figures in the field, Paul M. Fitts, an applied experimental/engineering psychologist who focused on design of human–machine systems ( Fitts, 1951 ), and James J. Gibson, a perceptual psychologist who founded the ecological approach to perception ( Gibson, 1979 ). Fitts relied extensively on tasks conducted in controlled laboratory settings and based his work within the human information-processing approach, which attempts to explain phenomena through specifying the underlying cognitive representations and processes that operate on them. He is best known in experimental psychology for Fitts's law ( Fitts, 1954 ), which specifies a speed–accuracy trade-off for aimed movements in terms of target distance and target width, and for his studies of stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) effects, both of which continue to receive considerable research interest in contemporary psychology. Gibson, in contrast, emphasized naturalistic environments and coupled the concept of affordance (opportunities for the perceiver provided by the environment) with direct, unmediated perception as the basis for his ecological approach. Gibson's legacy also endures, with an international society and journal devoted to ecological psychology. For the most part, perception–action research in the Fitts tradition (e.g., Hommel, Müsseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001) has proceeded separately from that in the Gibsonian tradition (e.g., Fajen & Matthis, 2011 ).
How many strokes does a pen have?
From a certain (simplified) motor action standpoint, two pen strokes (one for shape writing and one occasionally for menu selection) are still more efficient than writing a word with longhand, which on average consists of writing five letters with more than five strokes.
Why is the average item in a larger memory load less available?
The average item in a larger “memory load” is less available simply by virtue of the fact that some items in the larger loads will have been processed less recently than any item in a smaller load, and those less recent items suffer some loss.
What is the main treatment for Parkinson's disease?
For example, in Parkinson's disease, the main current treatment is the dopamine precursor drug, l -dopa, but its efficacy decreases over time while severe side effects increase. Understanding the brain's motor circuits and decisional system with deep brain stimulation, which can restore motor circuit function in patients with Parkinson's disease for up to several years, may also help to understand how we form a decision. Which factors specifically involve the inhibitory cortical network interacting with subthalamic nucleus (STN) function in the decision-making process? Is it the decision conflict per se or other factors such as choice difficulty, appetitive/aversive valence of the choices, or information integration that influence STN activity and adjustment of response thresholds? Changing dynamically the response threshold might be a universal function in decision conflict or might be task specific. Therefore it has to be shown if different neuronal circuits/mechanisms are involved, for example, adopting risk-taking strategies or acting under time pressure along the line of an accuracy–speed trade-off. In a clinical perspective the exact electrode position in relation to changes in inhibitory control should give us further insights into the exact fiber tracts that are involved in the adjustment of response threshold. High-frequency stimulation has a negative impact on decision threshold. In analogy it should be clarified if low-frequency stimulation improves the decision-making process, reflecting the other side. Similar research concerning deep brain stimulation of various areas into brain circuits for mood and emotion have the potential to advance psychiatry in similar ways.
Is it necessary to randomly interleave trials with and without target?
It is imperative to randomly interleave trials with and without target. There should be an equal number of trials with and without targets. •. Make sure that the number of green and red stimuli (if you are red/green blind, use blue and red) is balanced in the conjunction search (it should be 50%/50%).