Table 2
| Treatment strategy | Remarks | Author/reference |
| Targeting the Bcl-2 family of proteins | ||
| Agents that target the Bcl-2 family prot ... | Oblimersen sodium | |
| Reported to show chemosensitising effect ... | Rai et al ., 2008 [ 66 ], Abou-Nassar an ... | |
| Small molecule inhibitors of the Bcl-2 f ... |
Can We promote apoptosis of cancer cells?
Why target apoptosis in cancer treatment? Abstract Defective apoptosis (programmed cell death) represents a major causative factor in the development and progression of cancer. The ability of tumor cells to evade engagement of apoptosis can play a significant role in their resistance to conventional therapeutic regimens.
What is apoptosis and carcinogenesis?
6 rows · Jun 01, 2003 · Defective apoptosis (programmed cell death) represents a major causative factor in the development ...
Do apoptosis inhibitory genes play a role in cancer development?
Feb 02, 2018 · Apoptosis and Cancer Therapy. One way of treating cancer is to gain control or possibly terminate the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Using the cell’s own mechanism for death is a highly effective method. Additionally, targeting apoptosis is the most successful non-surgical treatment.
What do we know about apoptosis and how does it work?
Defects can occur at any point along these pathways, leading to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. Despite being the cause of problem, apoptosis plays an important role in the treatment of cancer as it is a popular target of many treatment strategies.
Why is apoptosis important in cancer treatment?
Apoptosis in Cancer The loss of apoptotic control allows cancer cells to survive longer and gives more time for the accumulation of mutations which can increase invasiveness during tumor progression, stimulate angiogenesis, deregulate cell proliferation and interfere with differentiation [2].Feb 2, 2018
How apoptosis can be used as a vehicle of targeted treatment in cancer?
The induction of apoptosis as result of DNA damage in precancerous lesions can remove potentially harmful cells, thereby blocking tumor growth. Deregulation of this death process is associated with unchecked cell proliferation, development and progression of cancer and cancer resistance to drug therapies [3,4].Mar 27, 2016
How is apoptosis involved in cancer?
It also plays an important role in cancer.” One purpose of apoptosis is to eliminate cells that contain potentially dangerous mutations. If a cell's apoptosis function is not working properly, the cell can grow and divide uncontrollably and ultimately create a tumor.May 16, 2014
What is the purpose of apoptotic cell death?
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death. It is used during early development to eliminate unwanted cells; for example, those between the fingers of a developing hand. In adults, apoptosis is used to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair. Apoptosis also plays a role in preventing cancer.
Why is apoptosis better than necrosis?
Apoptosis: Neither inflammation nor tissue damage is caused by apoptosis. Necrosis: A significant inflammatory response is generated by the immune system of the organism during necrosis. Necrosis may cause tissue damage. Apoptosis: Apoptosis is often beneficial.Apr 4, 2017
Why is apoptosis considered beneficial to the organism?
Apoptosis removes cells during development. It also eliminates pre-cancerous and virus-infected cells, although “successful” cancer cells manage to escape apoptosis so they can continue dividing. Apoptosis maintains the balance of cells in the human body and is particularly important in the immune system.
Why cancer cells does not undergo apoptosis?
Cancer cells can ignore the signals that tell them to self destruct. So they don't undergo apoptosis when they should. Scientists call this making cells immortal.Jul 1, 2020
Why is apoptosis important for homeostasis?
Apoptosis is mainly active during embryonic development, when deletion of redundant cellular material is required for the correct morphogenesis of tissues and organs; moreover, it is essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during cell life.
What is the purpose of apoptosis quizlet?
- Apoptosis eliminates damaged cells, especially those possessing DNA damage that can result in cancer.
What is the role of mitochondria in apoptosis?
Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cell death. Ca2+ has long been recognized as a participant in apoptotic pathways. Mitochondria are known to modulate and synchronize Ca2+ signaling. Massive accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondria leads to apoptosis.Jan 31, 2008
What is the role of apoptosis in cell death?
It is particularly critical in long-lived mammals [1] as it plays a critical role in development as well as homeostasis [2]. It serves to eliminate any unnecessary or unwanted cells and is a highly regulated process.
How do caspases help with apoptosis?
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use caspases to carry out apoptosis through the cleavage of hundreds of proteins. In cancer, the apoptotic pathway is typically inhibited through a wide variety of means including overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and under-expression of proapoptotic proteins.
Which protease is responsible for apoptosis?
Apoptosis is carried out by caspases (cysteine aspartyl-specific proteases) which are a class of cysteine proteins that cleave target proteins [4]. The caspase protease activity is essential to successful apoptosis as they cleave hundreds of various proteins [3].
What are the hallmarks of cancer?
The hallmarks of cancer are present in all cancer cells regardless of the cause or type; these include uncontrolled growth, angiogenesis and apoptosis evasion [5,6]. The prevention of cancer is one of the main functions of apoptosis [3].
How many caspases are there in the human body?
There are four initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9, 10) and three executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, -7) [4]. The executioner caspases cleave the target proteins that eventually leads to the death of the cell. The pathways are highly regulated so that apoptosis will only occur if signaled.
Is apoptosis a nonsurgical treatment?
Additionally, targeting apoptosis is the most successful non-surgical treatment. Targeting apoptosis is also effective for all types of cancer, as apoptosis evasion is a hallmark of cancer and is nonspecific to the cause or type of the cancer. There are many anticancer drugs that target various stages in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways ...
Is curcumin toxic to cancer cells?
The most attractive quality of curcumin is that it is toxic to cancer cells, yet is cytoprotective to normal cells [41]. Curcumin’s use has been limited by low solubility, rapid metabolism, poor bioavailability, low bioactive absorption and low targeting efficacy [38], among others.
Why is apoptosis important?
Understanding apoptosis in disease conditions is very important as it not only gives insights into the pathogenesis of a disease but may also leaves clues on how the disease can be treated.
What is apoptosis in biology?
Abstract. Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. It is also one of the most studied topics among cell biologists.
Where is the TP53 gene located?
The p53 protein, also called tumour protein 53 (or TP 53), is one of the best known tumour suppressor proteins encoded by the tumour suppressor gene TP53 located at the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1). It is named after its molecular weights, i.e., 53 kDa [42].
What is the loss of balance between cell division and cell death?
In cancer, there is a loss of balance between cell division and cell death and cells that should have died did not receive the signals to do so. The problem can arise in any one step along the way of apoptosis.
What is the role of P53 in cancer?
One example is the downregulation of p53, a tumour suppressor gene, which results in reduced apoptosis and enhanced tumour growth and development [1] and inactivation of p53, regardless of the mechanism, has been linked to many human cancers [2-4].
What is the term for the fall of leaves from trees?
Apoptosis. The term "apoptosis" is derived from the Greek words "απο" and "πτωσιζ" meaning "dropping off" and refers to the falling of leaves from trees in autumn. It is used, in contrast to necrosis, to describe the situation in which a cell actively pursues a course toward death upon receiving certain stimuli [7].
What causes cell death?
Cell death due to injurious agents like radiation, hypoxia and mild thermal injury. Cell death in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Cell death that occurs in heart diseases such as myocardial infarction. Open in a separate window.
