Stimulate any non-stimulable sounds for a few minutes during sessions until they become stimulable (& always facilitate liquids if they are not stimulable). The targeted patterns within the cycle are used to stimulate emergence of a specific sound or pattern in spontaneous language, not mastery of it.
Full Answer
When should I consider using the cycles approach to speech therapy?
You may want to consider utilizing cycles approach to speech therapy if your child: 1 Is highly unintelligible in their speech, meaning that they are difficult to understand 2 Doesn’t use many different consonant sounds 3 Leave out speech sounds More ...
What is the cycle phonological remediation approach?
The official name of the program is the “Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach”. It consists of 4 parts: 1. Choosing therapy goals focusing on a child’s main patterns of speech sound problems (rather than individual sounds) – eligible targets are consistent patterns or errors that occur at least 40% of the time.
What are phonological cycles and how do they work?
By targeting each phonological process for a short and fixed amount of time and then cycling through other phonological processes, cycles approach targets children who use a lot of error patterns in their speech and correct them. This approach is implemented over and over again for each process, until it is eliminated from the child’s speech.
What is a stimulable sound?
Once a sound is identified as being stimulable, it signals to the SLP that this sound may be ready to be targeted specifically to be developed through the levels into conversation. Stimulable sounds display a readiness for therapy.
What is the cycles approach phonological processes?
Phonological patterns are trained in succession during specific time periods known as cycles. This approach is based on principles of developmental phonology, cognitive psychology and research in phonological acquisition. Each phoneme (e.g. Final K) within a pattern (e.g. Velars) is targeted for 60 minutes a week.
What is the cycles approach used for?
The cycles approach is an evidence-based way to treat phonological disorders in children. Developed by Barbara Hodson, it treats sound patterns and processes instead of individual sounds. Error patterns might include not saying both sounds in a cluster or omitting the final consonants.
How do you implement cycles approach to speech therapy?
Cycles sessions usually take an hour and consist of 7 steps:Review words from the last session.Auditory bombardment (1-2 minutes).Introduction of target words for the session (usually 5-6 words).Play games requiring the child to practice the target words.Probe for next session targets.Repeat auditory bombardment.More items...•
What is the purpose of auditory bombardment in speech therapy?
Auditory Bombardment is an evidence/research based therapy procedure that Hillcrest speech language pathologists use on a regular basis to enhance phonological/sound awareness.
What is the cycles approach Asha?
The cycles approach targets phonological pattern errors and is designed for children with highly unintelligible speech who have extensive omissions, some substitutions, and a restricted use of consonants. Treatment is scheduled in cycles ranging from 5 to 16 weeks.
Who made the cycles approach?
The Cycles Approach (Hodson & Paden, 1983, 1991) addresses a child's use of phonological processes by cyclically targeting affected sound classes. A different process is targeted every one to two weeks and two to four processes are targeted within a cycle.
How is consonant cluster reduction treated?
Treatments for Cluster Reduction Treatments may include: Modeling and demonstrations of the correct speech sounds. Assisting your child to produce the correct speech sounds. Gaining oral motor strength and coordination to sequence target phonemes.
When do we use minimal pairs approach?
The Minimal Pairs Approach is suitable for children with mild or moderate speech sound disorders, with one or two phonological processes that are no longer age-appropriate. It can also be used with people who are looking to modify their accent.
What phonological process should be targeted first?
The first step in an articulation or phonological intervention is deciding what phoneme or error pattern to work on.
What is auditory discrimination speech therapy?
Auditory discrimination is the ability to hear and distinguish between environmental sounds and is an essential skill for reading and language development. Use these activities to strengthen children's skills, whether they need more support and practice or are ready for a challenge.
What is focused auditory input?
Focused Auditory Stimulation AB is a procedure in which the client is provided with intensified, repeated, systematic exposure to multiple exemplars of phonological targets and contrasts.
What is acoustic highlighting?
Calling attention to important sounds, words and phrases is called acoustic highlighting. How to use acoustic highlighting: Say the sounds or words louder or at a whisper. Say the sounds or words faster or slower. Pause before important sounds or words.
How do you use cycles approach for final consonant deletion?
Take the first pattern from your list and choose one phoneme (sound) from that pattern. Work on that first sound for 60 minutes (two 30-minute sessions, four 15-minute sessions, or however your schedule works). Then, choose another phoneme from that pattern and work on it for an additional 60 minutes.
What is Vowelization in speech therapy?
Vowelization is the substitution of a vowel sound for a liquid (l, r) sound (e.g. “bay-uh” for “bear”). Vowelization typically resolves by the age of 6. Affrication is the substitution of an affricate (ch, j) sound for an nonaffricate sound (e.g. “choe” for “shoe”).
What is the multiple oppositions approach?
In a multiple opposition approach, the child is confronted with several sounds simultaneously within a phoneme collapse. The goal is then to induce multiple phonemic splits that have been previously collapsed in order to reduce the homonymy in the child's system.
What is the Van Riper approach?
articulation approach (Van Riper, 1939). In this approach the overall goal is for children to. learn how to articulate individual phonemes to improve the intelligibility of their speech.
When to Use The Cycles Approach
The cycles approach to speech therapy is intended for children who meet the following criteria: 1. Highly unintelligible (very difficult to underst...
What Is The Cycles Approach?
In the cycles approach, therapists treat phonological processes, which are error patterns in children’s speech. For example, some children delete a...
How to Choose Which Processes to Target
Go through this list of potential targets (patterns) and see which ones the child is having some trouble with. Make a list of the targets that the...
How to Set Up Your Cycles
Take the first pattern from your list and choose one phoneme (sound) from that pattern. Work on that first sound for 60 minutes (two 30-minute sess...
The Purpose of The Cycles Approach
The cycles approach is meant to more closely mirror the natural development of phonology in young children where many processes are developed gradu...
How to Know If Cycles Is Right For A Child
If you are unsure whether to use the cycles approach or another approach to treat speech sounds, download my free flow chart:Click Here to Download...
What is the cycle approach?
The Cycles Approach was developed for children with highly unintelligible speech. But it has been used with children with a wide range of speech sound and other communication problems.
What is Hodson's idea of therapy?
The idea is that, by targeting patterns of errors (rather than individual sounds), the treatment results in a system wide transfer of the trained sounds to other sounds and targets.
How long are cycle sessions?
Cycles sessions usually take an hour and consist of 7 steps: Review words from the last session. Auditory bombardment (1-2 minutes). Introduction of target words for the session (usually 5-6 words). Play games requiring the child to practice the target words. Probe for next session targets.
What are eligible targets in speech therapy?
Choosing therapy goals focusing on a child’s main patterns of speech sound problems (rather than individual sounds) – eligible targets are consistent patterns or errors that occur at least 40% of the time. Hodson divides these potential targets into two categories:
What is a cycle approach in speech therapy?
Cycles approach to speech therapy is specifically designed and used for children who use many phonological processes in their speech. You may want to consider utilizing cycles approach to speech therapy if your child: Is highly unintelligible in their speech, meaning that they are difficult to understand. Doesn’t use many different consonant sounds.
What is phonological process?
Phonological processes are patterns of sound errors that are usually used by developing children as they are learning to talk, and they are a means to simplify the speech.
What is a CAS therapy?
It has also been used to treat children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). During the cycles approach, the therapist treats the phonological processes, meaning the error patterns, in the child’s speech. By targeting each phonological process for a short and fixed amount of time and then cycling through other phonological processes, ...
What is the cycle approach?
What is Cycles Approach? The cycles approach, also officially known as the Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach , was designed to facilitate the development of intelligible speech patterns in children.
How long does it take to do a cycle therapy?
According to Hodson, these are the essential elements to implement during the therapy. During a cycles session, which usually takes about an hour , there are seven steps: Homework or home program with optionally a list of target words to practice every day and auditory bombardment.
Is the cycle approach effective?
These mixed results from studies show that generally , cycles approach can be effective. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution, considering the fact that the latest study had a really small sample size and the lack of randomized controls in others. The approach should be further studied.
Is speech therapy one size fits all?
It is important to do research and consult professionals before deciding on any approach to speech therapy for your child. This approach is not one-size-fits-all so you should consider your child’s needs and their suitability for this approach.
What is stimulable sound?
Stimulable sounds display a readiness for therapy. The extent to which a sound is stimulable is a key factor in target selection. I would not necessarily choose the most stimulable target as my therapy target. For instance a sound which is stimulable in sentence level drills with multiple target sounds in multiple positions, ...
What is stimulability in speech therapy?
In the world of Speech Pathology, stimulability is a key concept. It is one of the first things a Speech-Language Pathologist will look for once identifying the existence of a misarticulation. So what is stimulability? It is simply the client demonstrating the ability to accurately produce a target sound when given a model for that sound. Stimulability is typically achieved at the sound level first but can be identified at each of the sound production levels leading up to conversation. These include the syllable level, double syllable level, word and sentence levels. Once a sound is identified as being stimulable, it signals to the SLP that this sound may be ready to be targeted specifically to be developed through the levels into conversation. Stimulable sounds display a readiness for therapy.
Does it take multiple sessions to develop stimulability?
In the instances of having no sounds that are stimulable, it usually does not take multiple sessions to develop stimulability. I have encountered sounds that were highly resistant to developing stimulability but these cases have always been the exception.
Can multiple speech errors be stimulable?
Clients with multiple speech errors usually had a mix of stimulable and non stimulable sounds. Quite often when working on the stimulable targets, the non stimulable sounds would develop stimulability on their own. In the instances of having no sounds that are stimulable, it usually does not take multiple sessions to develop stimulability.
Why is the Cycles Approach important?
The Cycles Approach is meant to reflect the way phonological development typically occurs in young children, as a gradual process, mastering early developing patterns initially.
Who developed the phonological pattern?
This approach was developed by Hodson and Paden (1983, 1991). Phonological patterns are trained in succession during specific time periods known as cycles. This approach is based on principles of developmental phonology, cognitive psychology and research in phonological acquisition.
What is a child with a lot of phonological error patterns?
Children with a lot of phonological error patterns for whom minimal pairs or other approaches are not working. Children who are hesitant and not risk-takers. It is not as challenging to work on stimulable sounds.
What are targeted patterns in the first cycle?
The targeted patterns within the cycle are used to stimulate emergence of a specific sound or pattern in spontaneous language, not mastery of it. Target only those that are consistent deviations and errors that occur at least 40% of the time. Primary First Cycle Targets:
What are the primary first cycle targets?
Primary First Cycle Targets: Syllableness: Target omitted segments – compound words, two and three syllable words, equal stress word combinations such as cowboy, cowboy hat, elephant. Remember the focus is on marking syllables. If the child says eh-phant for elephant, this is not marking all the syllables.
Therapy for Speech Sounds
It can be very difficult to figure out what type of speech sound therapy to do with a child. Today, I’m going to walk you through the four main types of therapy and when to use them. Plus, I’ll touch on some of the less common types of speech sound therapy in case you’ve tried all of the mainstream approaches with no success.
Types of Speech Sound Therapy
For children working on a single sound error or substitution that is not part of a whole class of sounds
How to Choose an Approach
Download the free flow chart that will help you decide which method to use:
More Resources for Speech-Language Pathologists
Looking for more therapy ideas and resources to help you provide the BEST services to your clients? Join us in The SLP Solution, our membership program for speech-language professionals! Inside the membership, you’ll find:
Who Developed It?
Who Is It for?
- The Cycles Approach was developed for children with highly unintelligible speech. But it has been used with children with a wide range of speech sound and other communication problems.
What Is It?
- The official name of the program is the “Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach”. It consists of 4 parts: 1. Choosing therapy goals focusing on a child’s main patternsof speech sound problems (rather than individual sounds) – eligible targets are consistent patterns or errors that occur at least 40% of the time. Hodson divides these potential tar...
What Happens in The Sessions?
- Cycles sessions usually take an hour and consist of 7 steps: 1. Review words from the last session. 2. Auditory bombardment (1-2 minutes). 3. Introduction of target words for the session (usually 5-6 words). 4. Play games requiring the child to practice the target words. 5. Probe for next session targets. 6. Repeat auditory bombardment. 7. Homework – typically 2 minutes of au…
How Long Does It take?
- As designed, Hodson’s treatment protocol is quite intensive and based on the idea that phonological acquisition happens slowly: 1 hour sessions, 3 times a week. Each pattern is targetted for 1-2 hours. Each cycle may last for up to 18 hours, depending on the number of error patterns the child’s speech contains. This means it can take more than 40 hours of treatment fo…
Does It Work?
- At least five studies have looked at the efficacy of cycles-based procedures using experimental designs. A randomised controlled trial showed that children treated with a modified cycles approach showed significantly greater accuracy in single word and conversational contexts than untreated children (Almost & Rosenbaum, 1998). However, other studies showed little or no imp…