DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic aci…
Cisplatin
Cisplatin is used to treat various types of cancer.
Carboplatin
Carboplatin is used to treat various types of cancer.
Oxaliplatin
This medication is used to treat advanced cancer of the colon and rectum.
How does platinum treat cancer?
Platinum-based agents for individualized cancer treatment. Platinum-based agents are important drugs or drug candidates for cancer chemotherapy. Traditional platinum drugs including the globally approved cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are neutral platinum (II) complexes with two amine ligands and two additional ligands that can be aquated for furthe ….
What are the side effects of platinum based chemotherapy?
Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, is best known for curing testicular cancer. It is also used in the treatment of a wide range of other cancers, including lung, bladder, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Cisplatin and other similar platinum-based drugs were developed with National Cancer Institute (NCI) support. Ongoing research has aimed at developing cisplatin-based treatments and …
What is the newest treatment for cancer?
Platinum based chemotherapy is used to treat a variety of cancers and most often involves drugs like cisplatin, which is usually given as a drip into your bloodstream. These drugs work to destroy rapidly multiplying cells, like cancer cells.
What are platinum chemotherapy drugs?
Abstract. The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events). In total, a cancer patient can experience any combination of around 40 specific side effects.
Why platinum is used in anticancer drugs?
Abstract. Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Platinum–DNA adducts, which are formed following uptake of the drug into the nucleus of cells, activate several cellular processes that mediate the cytotoxicity of these platinum drugs.Mar 24, 2005
What does platinum do in chemo?
Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (informally called platins) are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. They are coordination complexes of platinum. These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer.
Is platinum good for cancer?
Abstract. The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events).May 15, 2018
What are the side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy?
Other common and well-known side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis (inflammation of mouth and lips) pain, mucositis (painful inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes lining the digestive tract), alopecia (hair loss), anorexia (loss of appetite), cachexia (loss ...
What does platinum do to the body?
Nothing could be more un-true. Platinum can cause “platinum sensitivity symptoms”. Platinum toxicity has the ability to cause DNA alterations, cause cancer, allergic reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, it can cause damage to organs such as the kidneys and intestines and has been known to damage hearing ability.
Which chemo drugs contain platinum?
Platinum-based anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, nedaplatin, and lobaplatin, are heavily applied in chemotherapy regimens.Mar 20, 2020
Which platinum complex is used in cancer chemotherapy?
Cisplatin and Related Drugs☆ Platinum complexes are used to treat approximately half of all patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Cisplatin was the first platinum compound discovered to have anticancer activity.
Is there platinum in chemotherapy?
Platinum-based agents are important drugs or drug candidates for cancer chemotherapy. Traditional platinum drugs including the globally approved cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are neutral platinum (II) complexes with two amine ligands and two additional ligands that can be aquated for further binding with DNA.
Does cisplatin have platinum?
Cisplatin, a platinum-based drug, is used in combination chemotherapy for a wide range of solid tumors.May 30, 2014
What is the most neurotoxic chemotherapy?
Among the platinum compounds in clinical use, cisplatin is the most neurotoxic, inducing mainly sensory neuropathy of the upper and lower extremities.
What is platinum therapy?
Platinum Therapy is the use of platinum compounds, which are cell damaging agents, for the treatment of specific cancers, including testicular, ovarian, lung, bladder, and head and neck cancers. Platinum compounds produce changes in DNA structure, which causes cancer cell death (apoptosis).Jul 30, 2005
Does platinum chemo cause hair loss?
Taste changes, metallic taste. Increases in blood tests measuring liver function. These return to normal once treatment is discontinued (see liver problems). Hair loss may cause hair loss; however, this side effect is uncommon.
What is cisplatin used for?
Key Takeaway. Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, is best known for curing testicular cancer. It is also used in the treatment of a wide range of other cancers, including lung, bladder, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Cisplatin and other similar platinum -based drugs were developed with National Cancer Institute (NCI) support.
When was cisplatin approved?
Cisplatin was also approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian and bladder cancer in 1978. Cisplatin helps save lives from testicular cancer. In particular, cisplatin's success as a chemotherapy drug against testicular cancer is phenomenal.
Who discovered cisplatin?
Barnett Rosenberg, Ph.D. discovered cisplatin, which led to successful treatment for testicular and other cancers. An "accidental" discovery leads to cisplatin. Because platinum was thought to have no biological activity, Dr. Rosenberg and his colleagues put platinum electrodes into a solution containing the common laboratory bacteria E.
How many people died from testicular cancer in 2017?
It is estimated that nearly 9,000 American men will be diagnosed with testicular cancer and approximately 400 will die from the disease in 2017. Cisplatin plays a key role in fighting multiple cancer types.
When was cisplatin first used?
Cisplatin was first approved in the United States for clinical use to treat cancer in 1978 and research is actively ongoing. Thousands of cisplatin analogs have been developed and researchers are still trying to produce new ones to reduce toxic side effects, to tailor the drug to particular forms of cancer, and combat drug resistance. Some of the analogs created include carboplatin (which is gentler on patients), oxaliplatin (which is particularly effective against colon cancer ), and satraplatin (which can be taken orally).
Is cisplatin a cancer drug?
Cisplatin, a platinum-based drug, is used in combination chemotherapy for a wide range of solid tumors. At first, the cancer research community was skeptical about cisplatin . Heavy metals were considered poisons, and "the idea of putting a heavy metal into a person was an abomination," Dr. Rosenberg recalled.
Is cisplatin good for cancer?
Cisplatin plays a key role in fighting multiple cancer types. Less dramatically but far more broadly, cisplatin "became the backbone of combination therapy " for a wide range of solid tumors, according to Dr. Chabner.
What is the oldest cancer drug?
Doctors use platinum drugs to treat many kinds of cancer, both alone and in combination with other drugs. Cisplatin, the oldest, has been approved as a cancer treatment since 1978. In the U.S., two other platinum-containing molecules are also approved cancer drugs: carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
How is DNA held together?
DNA is a double helix. It’s held together by interactions between its building blocks, called nucleotides. Now within these nucleotides you find motifs rich in nitrogen atoms. Scientists call these “bases”, and it’s through these bases that platinum drugs do their job.
Who is Matthew Hall?
I learned all about these challenges from Matthew Hall, a biologist who works as a group leader at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), part of the National Institutes of Health. Though he’s a biologist , he jokingly reassures me “I’m a chemist at the core.”.
Does cisplatin kill cancer cells?
So at least in theory, cancer cells should be disproportionately targeted by cisplatin over healthy cells. However, that’s not entirely the case in the real world. Normal cells can be damaged or destroyed because of cisplatin treatment, potentially leading to side effects.
Is there a preventative measure for hearing loss?
Physicians have ways of easing some side effects, such as providing anti-nausea drugs. This isn’t a perfect solution, of course. And there are no prevent ative measures yet to protect against the side effect of hearing loss.
Does cisplatin cross link DNA?
In this way, cisplatin attaches to DNA, and can cross-link two strands of DNA together. This is a pretty stable arrangement. The cell has to send in repair mechanisms to “unstick” cisplatin, as it were. Accumulate enough of this kind of arrangement, and cells’ repair mechanisms get overwhelmed.
Why platinum?
To understand the role of platinum in this process we firstly have to zoom out and understand a little bit about how platinum chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin work. For a cell to multiply it has to replicate its DNA – in cancer cells this process is happening rapidly as the cells spread.
What can we do to make platinum chemotherapy more effective?
The sensitivity to the chemotherapy drugs varies patient to patient.
How you can help make platinum chemotherapy more effective
You can help take this project to the next stage. By joining Farid and supporting our Ovarian Cancer Fellowship you can help us take the findings from the lab to clinical applications faster.
What are the side effects of cisplatin?
Other common side effects include anaphylaxis, cytopenias (including leukopenia and neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaemia), hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, ...
Is cisplatin a drug?
The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events).
What is the most effective anticancer drug?
Cisplatin is one of the most effective anticancer agents widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. It has been extensively used for the cure of different types of neoplasms including head and neck, lung, ovarian, leukemia, breast, brain, kidney and testicular cancers.
How long does carboplatin stay in your system?
The diminished reactivity limits protein-carboplatin complexes, which are excreted. The lower excretion rate of carboplatin means that more is retained in the body, and hence its effects are longer lasting (a retention half-life of 30 hours for carboplatin, compared to 1.5-3.6 hours in the case of cisplatin).
Is Cisplatin a cancer drug?
This has led to interest in platinum (II) - and other metal-containing compounds as potential anticancer drugs (Frezza, Hindo et al., 2010). Cisplatin is clinically proven to combat different types of cancers including sarcomas, cancers of soft tissue, bones, muscles, and blood vessels.
Is Cisplatin a chemo?
Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent used widely or the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including breast, testicular, ovarian, cervical, prostate, head and neck, bladder, lung and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (Tsimberidou, Braiteh et al., 2009;Dhar, Kolishetti et al., 2011).
Does cisplatin cause DNA damage?
Cisplatin binds to the N7 reactive center on purine residues and as such can cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in cancer cells, blocking cell division and resulting in apoptotic cell death. The 1,2-intrastrand cross-links of purine bases with cisplatin are the most notable among the changes in DNA.
Is ciplatin soluble in water?
It is a white or deep yellow to yellow-orange crystalline powder at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in dimethylprimanide and N,N- dimethyl formamide. Cisplatin is stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but may transform slowly over time to the trans-isomer (IARC 1981, Akron 2009).
Why is platinum used in cancer treatment?
Platinum-based drugs are effective against cancer because at their centre is a platinum atom joined to two ammonion molecules and two chloride ions. The compound is negatively charged, but when it enters the cancer cell it becomes positively charged because the chloride ions are replaced by water molecules.
Why is phenanthriplatin more effective than cisplatin?
One reason that phenanthriplatin appears to be more effective than cisplatin is that it can get into cancer cells more easily . Another reason is that it inhibits transcription, the first step of gene expression, where cells convert DNA to RNA.
How does cisplatin work?
The water molecules are easily displaced, allowing the platinum-based compound to attach to DNA in the cancer cell: it forms cross-links in the DNA that block the cell’s ability to read the code, which is essential for cell function. If enough of the DNA is unreadable, the cell dies. This is how cisplatin works.
When was Cisplatin first used?
Cisplatin, the most common platinum chemotherapy drug, was first approved in the US in 1978. It is particularly effective against testicular cancer, and is also used in the treatment of ovarian and some lung cancers, as well as lymphoma and other cancers.
Is oxaliplatin a platinum drug?
But when they tested it, it was not as powerful in killing cancer cells as as cisplatin or oxaliplatin, another FDA-approved platinum-based cancer drug.
Does platinum kill cancer cells?
New Platinum Drug Kills Cancer Cells Better. Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US who are testing phenanthriplatin, a new experimental drug based on platinum, say it kills cancer cells better and may provide a more effective alternative to cisplatin, the most commonly used approved platinum chemotherapy drug.