Most important is to never put injections into the hindquarters. The rump was a traditional location for intramuscular injections, because it was the easiest place to reach when processing cattle through a runway without catching them individually. It created problems with tissue damage and abscesses in the best cuts of meat, however.
Full Answer
How to administer intramammary treatment in dairy cows?
Administration Technique of Intramammary Treatment in Dairy Cows. Recommendations: Use only products approved for intramammary infusion. Make sure the environment is clean and restrain the cow, as needed. Prepare all the necessary material: teat dip, gloves, clean towels, sampling tubes, antibiotic tubes, alcohol swabs.
Can you give injections to cattle?
Here are some tips to keep in mind when giving injections to your cattle: “Never inject through a dirty hide,” says Barrington. “Make sure the site is clean and dry. I compare this to a human getting a flu shot; it would be unacceptable if the physician gave the injection through a dirty shirt or coat,” he says.
Why do they inject cattle with multiple syringes?
“When injecting many cattle in a short time using a multiple-dose syringe, it’s easier to use a shorter needle placed at the proper angle, so there is minimal chance of entering muscle. Longer needles increase the chance that the product won’t be deposited subcutaneously,” Barrington says.
Why do cattle need BQA injections?
BQA guidelines have helped cattle producers reduce blemishes at injection sites. If there’s one thing that most cattle and most cattle producers can count on, it’s that shots will have to be given, even in natural or organic production systems.
What is the correct injection site for cattle?
neckIntramuscular injections should given in the muscles of the neck to avoid blemishes in more valuable carcass cuts, regardless of the age of the animal. Do not give intramuscular injections in the rear leg or over the rump. Subcutaneous injections should be administered in front of the shoulder.
What is the correct and incorrect injection sites for cattle?
Keep all injections in front of the shoulder. NEVER INJECT INTO THE LOIN, TOP BUTT, OR RUMP (fig. 4). For most cattle health products, the triangular mass of neck muscle is the only acceptable site for both intramuscular and subcutaneous injections.
How do you inject cows under the skin?
1:232:39How to give a subcutaneous injection to cattle - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipPosition. The needle should be freely movable once you have penetrated the skin and you should beMorePosition. The needle should be freely movable once you have penetrated the skin and you should be able to lift the skin with the needle. Press the plunger to deliver the injection.
How are cattle vaccines administered?
The routes of administration are subcutaneous or SQ (inject under skin), intramuscular or IM (inject in muscle), and intranasal or IN (inject in nasal passage). The recommended site for SQ or IM injections is in the side of the neck in front of the shoulder.
What happens if you give a subcutaneous injection intramuscularly?
Subcutaneous injections can lead to localised cellulitis, granuloma formation and abscess. The COVID-19 vaccine has shown to have high efficacy if given correctly intramuscularly. Subcutaneous injection can happen inadvertently (figure 1), affecting efficacy of vaccination and potentiate local adverse events.
Can you give banamine subcutaneous in cattle?
Last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned IM use of flunixin meglumine (Banamine®); it now may only be given IV in cattle. In fact, FDA banned all extra-label use of flunixin because there were numerous cases of drug residues when it was given SQ or IM at a time when no withholding times were published.
What do they inject cows with?
Bovine somatotropin (bST), also known as bovine growth hormone, is an animal drug approved by FDA to increase milk production in dairy cows. This drug is based on the somatotropin naturally produced in cattle.
How do you inject a cow for blackleg?
4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration route Revaccination: Revaccination is required every 12 months. Administration: By subcutaneous injection preferably in the loose skin on the side of the neck, observing aseptic precautions. Shake thoroughly before use.
How is LA 200 administered to cattle?
Liquamycin LA-200 can also be administered by intramuscular injection at a level of 3–5 mg of oxytetracycline per lb of body weight per day. Treatment should be continued 24–48 hours following remission of disease signs; however, not to exceed a total of 4 consecutive days.
What is the best vaccine for cattle?
Vaccination for viral reproductive diseases (IBR and BVD) using a MLV vaccine 45 days prior to breeding is best time to provide protection for the cow herd. Replacement heifers should receive three vaccinations (pre-weaning, weaning and pre-breeding) with a MLV IBR and BVD virus before their fi rst breeding season.
What does IBR stand for in cattle?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Where is the jugular vein in cattle?
0:335:50Jugular vein Blood Collection and Injection In a cow - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIn taking the blood sample. Then you can simply take a small gauge needle go right directly over theMoreIn taking the blood sample. Then you can simply take a small gauge needle go right directly over the vein and quickly thrust it right into the cow's vessel.
How to minimize muscle damage in cows?
To minimize damage to meat, use the muscles in front of the shoulder. Intravenously ( IV). This injection goes into a vein and directly to the animal’s blood stream. It is used for medications that can cause severe muscle damage. In dairy cows, the mammary vein can be used for IV injections.
What happens when an injection is done improperly?
When an injection is done improperly or the injection site becomes infected, the result may be tissue damage and abscess. An abscess is an accumulation of dead cells in the tissue. Abscesses reduce carcass quality and the price the producer receives.Injection site scarring also reduces carcass quality.
What is the best way to protect meat quality?
Subcutaneously (SQ). This injection goes between the skin and muscle, but not into the muscle. Many vaccines and antibiotics can be administered this way. It is the preferred method for protecting meat quality. Always use this method if it is an option given on the label. Intramuscularly (IM).
What are the defects in dairy meat?
In fact, most quality defects in meat from dairy carcasses are a result of injection site scarring, which can radiate up to 3 inches from the injection site into surrounding muscle tissue. Even very young calves can form injection site lesions, and these lesions may remain until slaughter.
How to keep a shot from freezing?
Keep the refrigerator temperature between 36 degrees F and 46 degrees F. When using vaccines, keep them in an insulated cooler with ice packs during the summer .In cold weather, use the same container to keep vaccines from freezing. Freezing makes some vaccines ineffective.
How to use a transfer needle?
Use a transfer needle to extract medicine from the bottle and transfer it to another needle used for the injection. Never insert a used needle into a medicine bottle. Use a clean needle or a transfer needle. Use a clean needle for each animal to prevent the transmission of disease.
Where to give a syringe injection?
Give the proper dosage as indicated on the label. Always give an injection in the body area recommended on the product label. Give injections forward of the shoulder when possible. The neck muscle is the best choice. Avoid placing more than one injection on the same side of the neck to prevent medicine interactions and severe tissue reaction.
1. Every animal has got the correct dose
At first, dosing with a pour-on might seem convenient, but you can never be as certain as with an injection that each animal has received the correct dose.
3. Be in with a chance to win a cattle weighing scales
Interchem has an exciting competition for farmers who purchase an Eprecis herd pack to be in with a chance to win a cattle weighing scales valued at €1,600.
4. No need to worry about the weather
Another advantage of using injections is that cattle can be dosed even when it’s raining, so there’s no need to worry about the weather.
5. Accuracy
Working out exact dosing rates for different weights can be annoying. Eprecis Injection is a far more precise and accurate dose, which is simply 1ml/100kg of bodyweight.
6. Quick results
Why wait for results? Treatments with Eprecis injection work faster than a pour-on; it takes just two days to work as opposed to four days for pour-on products.
7. Be more efficient
Using Eprecis can also allow farmers to become efficient, freeing them up to get on with other important jobs on the farm.
About Eprecis Injection
Eprecis Injection is the only injectable endectocide for the treatment of internal and external parasites in dairy and beef animals. It also has a zero milk withhold period.
How to administer intramammary treatment in cows?
Step 1. Start by tagging the animal and record the cow ID and treatment type into a logbook. Step 2. Wear disposable gloves, or at the very least, disinfect your hands thoroughly before proceeding. Step 3. Milk out the quarters completely.
How to treat lactating cows?
When treating a lactating cow, collect a milk sample before milking and treatment in case testing is required. Make sure not to touch anything with the cannula prior to insertion. Use the insertion tip supplied with a short cannula to avoid damaging the teat canal keratin. Start the treatment with the nearest teat.
When was steroid injection approved for beef cattle?
FDA’s website states that the use of steroid hormone drugs in beef cattle has been approved since the 1950s. Approved growth hormones don’t have a withdrawal period like some drugs do, meaning the final product is safe for human consumption at any time after the animal has been administered the implants.
Why are hormones used in cattle production?
That’s because of the greater amount of grain available for other uses, and the shrinking of the carbon footprint associated with cattle production, he observes.
Why doesn't Cindy Overdorf implant hormone pellets?
PLACE IMPLANT OR NOT: Even though she believes it’s perfectly safe, Cindy Overdorf chooses not to implant hormone pellets in her calves' ears because her buyers don’t want hormones to be used.
Why do beef producers use hormone implants?
Many beef producers use hormone implants in their cattle for efficiency and economic purposes , and many people fear that the added hormones in beef can have negative effects on consumers.
Why doesn't Overdorf use implants?
Overdorf doesn’t use implants in her cattle because she generally keeps calves for about 30 days after weaning , and she believes implants should be administered closer to finishing. As for the few cattle she sells for freezer beef, she chooses not to use implants because most consumers want "natural" or "organic" beef.
Why are implants so controversial?
The main reason implants are so controversial for consumers is due to health concerns in humans, experts say. These implants have been thoroughly researched and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. FDA’s website states that the use of steroid hormone drugs in beef cattle has been approved since the 1950s.
Why are pellets implanted in the back of the animal's ear?
He explains that the pellets are implanted subcutaneously in the back of the animal’s ear because the ear is an inedible product. Bush says the main reason for the use of implants is for efficiency. They increase the rate of pounds gained per pound of feed consumed. This saves beef producers money by increasing rate of gain and lowering ...
What to replace chicken breast with for intramuscular injection?
4 For a more affordable lesson with fewer supplies, replace the chicken breast with a banana or orange. Participants will need to carefully open the banana or orange to see the result of administering the intramuscular injection.
What is injection method and placement?
The Livestock Injection Methods and Placement lesson is designed to add a visual and hands-on component to an important topic for understanding the different types of injection methods used in livestock management. As a team, participants will discuss and identify important components of each injection method and be able to know where and how to give each injection type on various livestock and practice the hands-on method of giving an injection.
What is ivermectin injection for cattle?
Cattle: Ivermectin Injection is indicated for the effective treatment and control of the following harmful species of gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, grubs, sucking lice, and mange mites in cattle:
Why not use milk in female cattle?
Because a withdrawal time in milk has not been established , do not use in female dairy cattle of breeding age. A withdrawal period has not been established for this product in pre-ruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. Do not treat swine within 18 days of slaughter.
What is ivermectin used for?
One low-volume dose effectively treats and controls the following internal and external parasites that may impair the health of cattle and swine: gastrointestinal roundworms (including inhibited Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle), lungworms, grubs, sucking lice, and mange mites of cattle; and gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, lice, and mange mites of swine.
Why should you clean needles for injection site?
Clean, properly disinfected needles should be used to reduce the potential for injection site infections. Observe cattle for injection site reactions. Reactions may be due to clostridial infection and should be aggressively treated with appropriate antibiotics.
Can Ivermectin be given subcutaneously?
Cattle: Ivermectin Injection is to be given subcutaneously only, to reduce risk of potentially fatal clostridial infection of the injection site. Animals should be appropriately restrained to achieve the proper route of administration. Use of a 16-gauge, 1/2 to 3/4” needle is suggested. Inject under the loose skin in front of or behind the shoulder (see illustration).
Which class of endectocides has a unique mode of action?
Mode Of Action. Ivermectin is a member of the macrocyclic lactone class of endectocides which have a unique mode of action. Compounds of the class bind selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells.
Can cattle have transitory discomfort?
Transitory discomfort has been observed in some cattle following subcutaneous administration. A low incidence of soft tissue swelling at the injection site has been observed. These reactions have disappeared without treatment. For cattle, divide doses greater than 10 mL between two injection sites to reduce occasional discomfort or site reaction.
Where to inject intramuscular injections in livestock?
In livestock intramuscular injections should be made by directing the needle of suitable gauge and length into the fleshy part of a thick muscle, such as rump, hip, or thigh region ; avoid blood vessels and major nerves. Before injecting the solution, pull back gently on the plunger.
How long after a cow is treated for a swine?
Discontinue use of this drug for the following time period before treated animals are slaughtered for food: Cattle - 14 days, Sheep - 9 days, Swine - 7 days.
What is penicillin used for?
Penicillin Injectable is indicated for treatment of bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever) caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle and sheep, erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in swine, and strangles caused by Streptococcus equi in horses.
How long does it take for penicillin to work on animals?
When properly used in the treatment of diseases caused by penicillin-susceptible organisms, most animals treated with Penicillin Injectable show a noticeable improvement within 24 to 48 hours. If improvement does not occur within this period of time, the diagnosis and course of treatment should be re-evaluated. It is recommended that the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases be carried out by a veterinarian.
How long does it take for a cow to withdraw from a swine?
Intramuscular injection in cattle, sheep, and swine may result in a local tissue reaction which persists beyond the withdrawal period of 14 days (cattle), 9 days (sheep), or 7 days (swine). This may result in trim loss of edible tissue at slaughter.
How long does it take for a syringe to heal?
Continue daily treatment until recovery is apparent and for at least one day after symptoms disappear, usually in two to three days. Treatment should not exceed four consecutive days. No more than 10 mL should be injected at any one site. Rotate injection sites for each succeeding treatment.
How long should you boil water for injections?
A thoroughly cleaned, sterile needle and syringe should be used for each injection (needles and syringes may be sterilized in boiling water for 15 minutes). Before withdrawing the solution from the bottle, disinfect the rubber cap top with 70% alcohol. The injection site should be similarly disinfected with alcohol.
Read The Label
Proper Facilities
- It can be difficult to give injections in the neck in a runway situation, when animals stick their heads down under the next cow or move backward and forward in the old-style squeeze chutes. The newer chutes with neck extenders are helpful, reducing the risk of having your hand or arm injured, syringes smashed, or needles bent or broken. “Handling ...
Cleanliness Is Next to Godliness
- “Never inject through a dirty hide,” says Barrington. “Make sure the site is clean and dry. I compare this to a human getting a flu shot; it would be unacceptable if the physician gave the injection through a dirty shirt or coat,” he says. “We know that certain products tend to have more reactions. With others, it’s rare to see an issue even if you inject through a dirty hide. But with some produc…
Needle Length and Size
- Choose appropriate needle sizeand length for the product given, taking the injection site into consideration. A larger-diameter needle (no smaller than 16-gauge) is preferred for mature cattle with thick hides, because you’re less apt to bend or break the needle. Calves have thinner skin, and a smaller-diameter needle (18-gauge) can be used. “If the needle is too large, there’s more pain, …
Location and Dosage
- When giving multiple injections to an animal, don’t put injections close together; space them several inches apart, or on different sides of the neck. “If the label for an antimicrobial says to deposit no more than a certain volume in one site, there’s more likelihood of tissue residues if you put more than the recommended volume in one site,” says Barrington. The product may also be …
Keep Records
- “Be systematic in how you give injections, and keep records. It helps if you consistently give a certain vaccine at the same site. Knowing that you give product A in the left side of the neck, rather than randomly on either side, will help you identify what might have caused a reaction. Occasionally, certain batches of a product are associated with reactions. If you don’t know wher…
Selecting The Drug, Dosage and Injection Technique
Selecting Equipment
Handling Vaccines
Using Sanitary Methods
Timing Injections and Observing Withdrawal Periods
Keeping Records
Preventing Injection Site Lesions
- When an injection is done improperly or the injection site becomes infected, the result may be tissue damage and abscess.An abscess is an accumulation of dead cells in the tissue. Abscesses reduce carcass quality and the price the producer receives.Injection site scarring also reduces carcass quality. In fact, most quality defects in meat from dair...
Conclusion