What are the DOT regulations for diesel fuel storage?
When assessing your fire risk look at the location, arrangement, and amount of surface, ladder, and aerial fuels. Different fuels burn at different rates. Pine needles are “flashy” fuels that ignite easily and burn quickly. Other fuels, such as logs, are very difficult to ignite but can smolder for weeks or even months. There are some trade ...
How far should a diesel fuel tank be from a building?
Fuel treatment must consider (1) how a forest stand is accessed and mechanically treated, (2) what material is removed, and (3) what material remains on site in terms of species, sizes, and fuel composition (e.g., sound vs. rotten wood) (Kalabokidis and Omi 1998). Management of thinning residues affects the post-thinning combustion environment,
What is the maximum fuel pressure drop for a fuel line?
Feb 17, 2021 · Top Fuel and Funny Car, the two nitromethane-fueled classes, scaled back to 1,000 feet in mid-2008, following a tragic death. Traditionally, a drag strip is …
How is fuel storage required under NFPA 30?
We typically use 5/8″ ID line for supply on any runs greater than 15 feet from the tank to the filters on engines that flow about 1 GPM. Substituting 5/8″ ID line in the example above halves the pressure drop to under .2 Hg. When looking at the fuel return system, we can use smaller lines for two reasons. One, the maximum allowed value for ...
How many feet is defensible space?
What is a fuel reduction zone?
How does a firebreak work?
How wide does a Fireline need to be?
How many feet of shutdown area for NHRA?
The thought was that would allow the cars more time to slow down (from a slower speed than they customarily would have been traveling) and an extra 320 feet of shutdown area.
How far is the finish line for the NHRA?
The finish line remains at 1,000 feet, although purists for the sport occasionally have raised the suggestion to return to quarter-mile racing. It does not appear likely the NHRA will reverse its decision.
How many feet is a drag strip?
Traditionally, a drag strip is 1,320 feet, which equals a quarter-mile. (One mile equals 5,280 feet.) Many classes in NHRA drag racing—actually, all but the Top Fuel and Funny Car classes—still compete on a quarter-mile course.
Can you equate fuel restriction with performance?
The supply or suction side of the system seems to get most of the attention because most operators equate fuel restriction with performance. Yes, you can equate the two but not as most think. We’ll get to that later as that is a slightly different subject. Very old fuel manifold system done a mix of iron and brass fittings.
Why use smaller lines in fuel return?
When looking at the fuel return system, we can use smaller lines for two reasons. One, the maximum allowed value for the pressure drop is usually 2-4 times more and the return flow is always less (at least to some extent) than the total fuel flow.
What is fuel return line pressure?
Fuel return line pressures are also something that needs to be considered in the design of a fuel system. Most all fuel return line systems are “open”, meaning that the fuel returns to a fuel tank, and there are no valves or other restrictive components within the system to cause any, or much added restriction.
What is an open fuel return line?
Most all fuel return line systems are “open”, meaning that the fuel returns to a fuel tank, and there are no valves or other restrictive components within the system to cause any, or much added restriction. Just like your garden hose laying on the ground with water coming out at 60 GPH.
Why is fuel restriction negative?
Fuel supply restriction or “pressure drop” is always measured as a negative number because it is on the suction side of the fuel lift or supply pump. Units of measurement can vary, but inches of Mercury (Hg) seems to be most accepted. Regardless of the units of measure used, fuel restriction values need to be very low, and in a general sense, ...
Where is the day tank for diesel fuel?
Day Tank. The day tank is located between the bulk storage tank and the diesel engine.
How is fuel transferred from day tank to diesel engine?
The fuel from the day tank is transferred to the diesel engine by the engine-driven fuel transfer pump , which is mounted on the engine assembly. The day tank is required when the engine-driven fuel pump is unable to draw fuel from the bulk fuel tank due to distance or elevation issues.
What is the mechanical energy of a diesel engine?
The mechanical energy provided by the diesel engine turns the generator rotor to produce power in the generator stator windings. The diesel engine itself is an internal combustion engine with various subsystems such as the cooling system, starting system, speed control system, lubrication system, and the fuel system.
How does a fuel pump work?
In many diesel gensets, an engine-driven fuel pump provides fuel to the fuel injectors via a fuel filter for combustion in the cylinder. The fuel injector is a precision component and has the capability of pumping, metering, and injecting the correct amount of fuel in the combustion chamber. Fuel continually flows in the supply line to the injectors and the excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank through a pressure regulator. The pressure regulator ensures that correct fuel pressure is maintained at the inlet to the injectors.
What is the flash point of a fuel?
The fuel flash point is the lowest temperature at which the fuel will ignite in the presence of an ignition source. NFPA 30 defines combustible liquids as having a flash point equal to or greater than 100F (37.8C) and flammable liquids as having a flash point less than 100F (37.8C).
Is diesel fuel flammable?
However, it is important to note that when diesel fuel is blended with ethanol (E-diesel) to reduce emissions, the blended diesel fuel has a low flash point of about 68F (20C). The blended fuel is therefore considered a flammable liquid, requiring management of associated fire and explosion hazards.
What is the conventional name for ethanol-blended diesel fuel?
Whereas, the conventional name for ethanol-blended diesel fuel is “E-diesel.”. The wording was changed in this online version of the article on April 2, 2020. The following clarification was also published in the June 2020 issue of POWER magazine.
What humidity level is best for a storage tank?
If the humidity level ranges between 60% to 70% then it will avert the building up of static electricity. Ground anodes are the best option for industrial storage tanks. These anodes are linked to tank shell and positioned correspondingly close to the tank.
What happens when lightning strikes a fuel storage tank?
When lightning strikes or when there is accidental contact with a high voltage line there is an accumulation of static or electrical energy within the tank. This results in a fire or disastrous accident.
Can you ground a vehicle when it explodes?
Yes, because an explosion can occur anytime when you are fueling your equipment or vehicle. An effectively grounding vessel system has an electrically conductive connection to facilitate the dissipation of electrical and static charge. For effective grounding, you will need rubber tires.
Why is grounding important?
Grounding is beneficial when the tanks are placed in both hazardous as well as non-hazardous areas. Grounding drains away the static charges to prevent incidents of fire at the sites where tanks are placed. The whole process is aided by the increased humidity of the conductive plates.
How far away from a building should you paint a fuel tank?
Above-ground tanks must be at least 50 feet away from a building and be painted white to minimize environmental heat absorption.
What regulations are there for diesel fuel storage?
If you need to store larger quantities of diesel fuel, such as for a gas station or industrial use, you will be subject regulations from OSHA, the EPA and the DOT. According to OSHA, a business must store inflammable liquids such as diesel fuel in appropriate containers that are secure and away from other hazards.
What are the requirements for diesel fuel?
Whether you are transporting or storing diesel fuel for personal or commercial purposes, there are six types of permissible containers according to OSHA and the DOT: 1 Metal drums less than 60 gallons that are to DOT specifications; 2 Plastic drums less than 60 gallons that are to DOT specifications; 3 Metal containers that are five gallons or less; 4 Approved safety cans less than five gallons; 5 Approved plastic and polyethylene containers; and 6 DOT specification combined packages, also called POP packaging.
What is the flash point of diesel?
Diesel has a flash point (the minimum temperature at which a liquid emits an ignitable vapor) of 205 degrees Fahrenheit or less, meaning the fuel classifies as highly combustible or inflammable. Because of this, these government agencies have defined a variety of rules to ensure the safe storage and transportation of diesel fuel as ...
Why do we need diesel fuel containers?
Diesel fuel container regulations are put in place by various government agencies to protect the public from a highly-flammable liquid. Using the right type and color container as well as transporting diesel properly will help prevent accidents and costly citations.
Can you transport diesel fuel in a container?
If you are a consumer and want to store or transport small quantities of diesel fuel, it must be in an approved container. According to DOT rules, you may store and transport diesel fuel only in a container that is made from certain materials. These include aluminum, Teflon, steel, fluorinated polypropylene and fluorinated polyethylene.
What materials are allowed to be stored in diesel fuel containers?
These include aluminum, Teflon, steel, fluorinated polypropylene and fluorinated polyethylene. Storage materials you should avoid include tin, copper, lead, zinc and brass. Your diesel fuel container color matters as well.
Do you use high head pumps on zone valves?
Don't use high head pumps on zone valve systems. Every time a zone valve closes, the system curve gets steeper, and its intersection with the pump curve moves higher. Differential pressure across the pump increases. The "steeper" the pump curve, the greater the incremental rise in pressure as each zone valve closes.
What happens when a zone valve closes?
Every time a zone valve closes, the system curve gets steeper, and its intersection with the pump curve moves higher. Differential pressure across the pump increases. The "steeper" the pump curve, the greater the incremental rise in pressure as each zone valve closes.
Can a high GP cause heat migration?
The high gP can even lift the plugs of zone valves that are supposed to be closed, causing heat migration into inactive zones. Circulators with flat pump curves are best for zone valve systems. If you can't find a circulator with a suitable pump curve, consider pairing up a couple of small circulators in parallel.
What is the best circulator for zone valve?
Circulators with flat pump curves are best for zone valve systems. If you can't find a circulator with a suitable pump curve, consider pairing up a couple of small circulators in parallel. The curve representing the net performance of parallel circulators becomes increasingly flat as more circulators are added.
What is line sized control valve?
In almost every case, such "line-sized" control valves are at least one pipe size larger than necessary for the application. This is especially true when the valve is used to mix high temperature boiler water to a substantially lower temperature for a radiant floor heating system.
What is needed to design hydronic heating systems?
Designing high performance hydronic heating systems requires a good understanding of fluid mechanics, electricity, heat transfer and control theory, not to mention a myriad of architectural issues. It's a field where there's always something new to learn and consider for future jobs.
What are transportation planning considerations?
Transportation planning considerations should include staging, embarkation points, transportation centers, and shelter locations. Jurisdictions may choose to employ one of the transportation concepts below to facilitate the movement of evacuees:
Why do individuals and families need to understand evacuation and shelter in place concepts and zones?
Individuals and families must understand evacuation and shelter-in-place concepts and zones before a disaster strikes so they can make informed decisions and take protective actions. Individuals and families should develop plans and ensure their readiness for both protective actions.
What are the phases of shelter in place?
Evacuation and shelter-in-place operations occur in five phases: mobilization, evacuation and shelter-in-place, impact, displacement/mass care, and re-entry. Used in conjunction with evacuation and shelter-in-place zones, phases provide a construct to move people to safety or have them shelter-in-place. Phases help jurisdictions plan, organize, respond, and coordinate evacuation and shelter-in-place strategies, messages, tasks, and decisions.
What is shelter in place zone?
Evacuation and shelter-in-place zones promote phased, zone-based evacuation targeted to the most vulnerable areas, which allows jurisdictions to prioritize evacuation orders to the most vulnerable zones first and limit the need to evacuate large areas not under the threat. Zones help:
When is shelter in place appropriate?
Shelter-in-place involves the use of a structure, including homes, to temporarily separate individuals from a hazard or threat. Shelter-in-place is appropriate when conditions require that individuals seek protection in their homes, places of employment, or other locations when a hazard or threat is imminent or occurring. Individuals with access and functional needs should be a priority for restoration of services and safety checks, as they may be at greater risk throughout a prolonged shelter-in-place order. When populations shelter in place, jurisdictions reduce costs, resource requirements, and negative impacts of evacuations, while promoting improved response and quicker re-entry (for those who spontaneously evacuate) and recovery.
What are accessible resources?
Accessible resources, or accommodations and modifications for accessibility, ensure that evacuation and re-entry operations include children and adults with access and functional needs. This includes provisions for accessible dissemination of information, including evacuation and shelter-in-place orders. These provisions include, but are not limited to, sign language interpreters, alternative forms of communication and language translation, as well as transportation and facility access.10
What is contraflow lane reversal?
Contraflow lane reversal alters the normal flow of traffic (typically one or more lanes in the opposing direction on a controlled-access highway) to increase the flow of outbound vehicle traffic during an evacuation. Contraflow operations may cause issues at jurisdictional borders if the transition from contraflow lanes to normal lanes is uncoordinated, which can significantly slow the evacuation. Properly executed, contraflow requires significant resources and time, and it is most applicable when an expedited large-scale evacuation is necessary. Generally, coordinating contraflow takes place at the state level and requires considerable planning to avoid any interference with response operations.