What is positive psychotherapy and how does it work?
While acknowledging negative or traumatic experiences is a core component of many therapeutic approaches, Seligman has acknowledged that positive psychotherapy does have a more positive focus when going through this process. Positive psychotherapy has proven beneficial in a range of clinical settings addressing various mental health concerns.
What is a positive control in research?
A positive control receives a treatment or test with a known result. This result is usually what researchers expect from the treatment, so it gives them something to compare. ... The group is called the positive control because it has a known response.
Can we reasonably conclude that a program result is due to treatment?
In other words, the researcher can reasonably conclude that an observed program result — such as a lower recidivism rate for treated subjects — is due to treatment and not some other factor.
Can therapeutic interventions reduce the likelihood of reoffending?
Indeed, therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the likelihood of reoffending have become a staple of contemporary sex offender management practice. (For more on "Sex Offender Management Strategies," see Chapter 8 in the Adult section.)
What is the treatment for COVID-19?
Remdesivir (Veklury) is an antiviral treatment used in adults and children. Treatment requires intravenous (IV) infusions at a healthcare facility for 3 consecutive days. It should be started as soon as possible and must begin within 7 days of when your symptoms start.
When should I start treatment for COVID-19?
Contact a healthcare provider right away to determine if you are eligible for treatment, even if your symptoms are mild right now. Don't delay: Treatment must be started within days after you first develop symptoms to be effective.
Can you contract COVID-19 through sexual intercourse?
Although there is currently no evidence that the COVID-19 virus transmits through semen or vaginal fluids, it has been detected in the semen of people recovering from COVID-19. We would thus recommend avoiding any close contact, especially very intimate contact like unprotected sex, with someone with active COVID-19 to minimize the risk of transmission
How can severe cases of COVID-19 arm treated?
Severe cases of COVID arm may be treated with topical steroids.
Should I go to the hospital if I have mild COVID-19 symptoms?
Mild COVID-19 cases still can make you feel lousy. But you should be able to rest at home and recover fully without a trip to the hospital.
What is the recovery time for the coronavirus disease?
Early research suggested that it could take 2 weeks for your body to get over a mild illness, or up to 6 weeks for severe or critical cases. Newer data show that recovery varies for different people, depending on things like your age and overall health.
What are the rare but possible sexual side effects of COVID-19?
Scientists said COVID-19 is known to damage blood vessels, and the virus appeared to have damaged the vessels in the penises of these patients and impeded blood flow there, impacting sexual function.
Is it possible to test positive for COVID-19 after symptoms appear?
“The high percentage of positive antigen test results during the 5–9 days after symptom onset reinforces the importance of correct and consistent mask use during this period,” the CDC said.
What is one of the ways COVID-19 can spread from person-to-person?
When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny particles called aerosols carry the virus into the air from their nose or mouth. Anyone who is within 6 feet of that person can breathe it into their lungs.
How long does COVID-19 arm last?
It usually subsides within three to four days, although one report in JAMA Dermatology notes it can last up to 21 days after injection with the Moderna vaccine. If you develop the side effect and are due for a follow-up dose, tell your vaccine provider, who might simply suggest you get the next jab in the other arm.
How long does arm pain usually last after getting a COVID-19 vaccination?
For most people, arm pain usually lasts for a day or two. While this pain can be frustrating, its a sign that the vaccine is working and doing what its job - protecting you from serious illness.
Can COVID-19 damage organs?
COVID-19 can cause lasting damage to multiple organs, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and brain. SARS CoV-2 first affects the lungs through the nasal passages. When the lungs are severely affected, it can affect the heart.
What is positive psychotherapy?
Positive Psychotherapy is one such therapeutic model that has aimed to reorient the therapeutic approach to be more focused on supporting clients to use their inner resources to overcome challenges, understand and recognize areas of growth, and focus instead on working towards resilience and a greater sense of wellbeing.
How Does Positive Psychotherapy Relate to Positive Psychology?
Positive psychology is popularly attributed as being the brain-child of Martin Seligman, developed in 1998; positive psychotherapy is more commonly attributed to Nossrat Peseschkian, first developed in 1968.
What is PPT in psychology?
PPT often uses a range of interdisciplinary approaches of psychotherapy, including the use of multicultural stories, ideas, and metaphors to help individuals create a new view of their mental health in positive ways .
What is the primary goal of PPT?
The primary goal of PPT is to help individuals better understand the skills and capabilities they have, and ones they might need to develop, to achieve a greater sense of inner balance. This is achieved by exploring innate resources – physical, emotional, spiritual, and cognitive – the individual already has and may need help tapping into in positive ways.
What is the criticism of PPT?
Due to its openness around utilizing multicultural stories and ideas, one criticism of PPT is that it does not work as well in westernized society.
What is situational support?
Situational Support – where the individual is asked to focus on their positive traits and those of the people around them who significantly offer them support. Verbalization – where the individual is encouraged to verbally discuss and talk openly about any negative feelings, challenges, or symptoms.
When was the Wiesbaden Inventory for Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy published?
He also continued to publish books, and the ‘ Wiesbaden Inventory for Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy ’ was also published in 1988. In 1994 the International Center for Positive Psychotherapy opened its doors, later becoming the Word Association for Positive Psychotherapy in 2008.
Why are antivirals adaptive?
And viruses are highly adaptive. Because they reproduce so rapidly, they have plenty of opportunity to mutate (change their genetic information) with each new generation, potentially developing resistance to whatever drugs or vaccines we develop.
Why do we need antibodies?
There are many reasons you might make antibodies, the most important of which is to help fight infections. The serologic test for COVID-19 specifically looks for antibodies against the COVID-19 virus. Your body takes at least one to three weeks after you have acquired the infection to develop antibodies to this virus.
When was Remdesivir approved?
Remdesivir. In October 2020 , the FDA approved the antiviral drug remdesivir to treat COVID-19. The drug may be used to treat adults and children ages 12 and older and weighing at least 88 pounds, who have been hospitalized for COVID-19.
What is biologic sense?
It makes biologic sense for those patients who have developed a hyper-immune response (a cytokine storm) to the viral infection. In these cases, it is the immune system's overreaction that is damaging the lungs and other organs, and too often leading to death.
Does Harvard Health Publishing have archived content?
As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
Can you recover from the flu at home?
Most people who become ill with COVID-19 will be able to recover at home. Some of the same things you do to feel better if you have the flu — getting enough rest, staying well hydrated, and taking medications to relieve fever and aches and pains — also help with COVID-19. Beyond that, the FDA has also authorized treatments ...
How many studies have shown positive treatment effects?
In fact, Craig, Browne and Stringer (2003) reported that 18 of the 19 treatment studies published between 1995 and 2003 demonstrated positive treatment effects, and a third of those used sound methodological techniques. While there are well-constructed guidelines and tools available that promote objectivity and reliability in the assessment of methodological rigor, differences of opinion about the quality and scientific value of certain methods or individual studies are not uncommon.
When is treatment most effective?
Treatment is apt to be most effective when it is tailored to the risks, needs, and offense dynamics of individual offenders.
Why is it important to determine effect size?
Determining effect sizes is important because, as Lipsey (2002, p. 201) points out, an outcome evaluation of an individual program "can easily fail to attain statistical significance for what are, nonetheless, meaningful program effects.".
How much does treatment reduce recidivism?
Treatment can reduce sexual recidivism over a 5-year period by 5–8 percent.
Why is meta analysis important in systematic review?
Systematic reviews are increasingly incorporating a statistical procedure called meta-analysis to synthesize findings from multiple studies. Meta-analysis enhances the quantitative nature of the review and helps to reduce bias and the potential for erroneous conclusions.
Which approach to relapse prevention is most effective?
Cognitive-behavioral/relapse prevention approaches appear to be effective.
Is a single study definitive?
There also is agreement in the scientific community that single studies are rarely definitive (see Lipsey, 2002; Petrosino & Lavenberg, 2007; Beech et al., 2007a). Individual studies with seminal findings exist; however, single studies — even a randomized controlled trial — should be replicated before definitive conclusions about a program's effectiveness are made, and the effectiveness of an intervention can always best be understood by examining findings from many different studies (Lipsey, 2002; Petticrew, 2007; Petrosino & Lavenberg, 2007). Researchers typically accomplish this by conducting a narrative or systematic review of a large body of research concerning an intervention's effectiveness.
How much do the treatments cost?
The US has spent more than $2 billion on monoclonal antibody treatment doses. But as of now, the treatment is free to patients, although there may be an administration fee.
How long does antibody protection last?
The protection from an antibody treatments doesn't last as long as a vaccine though. Typically the treatment would only provide protection for about a month.
How much did GlaxoSmithKline reduce hospitalization?
GlaxoSmithKline's resulted in an 85% reduction in risk of hospitalization or death in high-risk patients compared to placebo.
Do monoclonal antibodies work when sick?
Studies show monoclonal s don't seem to work when people are sicker and already in the hospital or on oxygen.
Is Eli Lilly's bamlanivimab revoked?
In April, the FDA revoked its emergency use authorization and put a pause on the distribution of Eli Lilly's antibody treatment bamlanivimab since it wasn't as effective against variants in circulation in the US. In June, HHS announced a pause in the distribution of Lilly's other treatment etesevimab, as well as its combination of the two monoclonals, as neither worked as well against the Gamma and Beta coronavirus variants.
Is Regneron antibody therapy a preventative treatment?
The antibody therapy made by Regneron is also authorized to be used as a preventative treatment, or what's known as a post-exposure prophylaxis.
Can Regeneron be used for a positive test?
Regeneron's therapy can also be used for some people who know they were exposed to the virus, but don't yet have a positive test. That protection doesn't last long, though, and it's not a replacement for the vaccine.
Why do people go into treatment?
Regression toward the mean: People often go into treatment because they are in extreme distress. When their distress becomes less extreme, they may attribute this to the treatment’s effectiveness. But even without treatment, extreme distress tends to decrease.
How to assess effectiveness of a treatment?
Empirical Research. Another way to assess effectiveness is through careful empirical research. Research has shown that some treatments are more effective for a particular problem than a placebo or no treatment. These treatments are known as empirically validated treatments .
Why are testimonials unreliable?
Clients who get treatment for psychological problems often testify to their effectiveness. However, such testimonials can be unreliable for several reasons: 1 Regression toward the mean: People often go into treatment because they are in extreme distress. When their distress becomes less extreme, they may attribute this to the treatment’s effectiveness. But even without treatment, extreme distress tends to decrease. The tendency for extreme states to move toward the average when assessed a second time is called regression toward the mean. 2 The placebo effect: People often feel better after being in treatment because of their expectations that they will improve. (See Chapter 1 for more information on placebo effects.) 3 The justification of effort effect: People may believe that treatment was effective because they spent time, effort, and money on it. If people work hard to reach a goal, they are likely to value the goal more. This phenomenon is called justification of effort.
Why are providers' perceptions biased?
Providers’ perceptions may be biased because clients often emphasize improvements in order to justify discontinuing treatment . Providers may also have biased perceptions because they continue to hear from past clients only when those clients were satisfied with treatment.
Why do people feel better after treatment?
The placebo effect: People often feel better after being in treatment because of their expectations that they will improve. (See Chapter 1 for more information on placebo effects.) The justification of effort effect: People may believe that treatment was effective because they spent time, effort, and money on it.
What is empirically validated treatment?
These treatments are known as empirically validated treatments . Researchers have to conduct two or more studies in order to conclude that a specific treatment is effective for a particular problem. Research shows that psychotherapy works for many psychological problems.
How to assess therapeutic effectiveness?
The effectiveness of a particular therapeutic approach can be assessed in three ways: client testimonials, providers’ perceptions, and empirical research.
What is Addiction Treatment Case Management?
When making the decision to come to drug treatment centers, whether it be detox or outpatient rehab, many clients hesitate to leave a myriad of life responsibilities and commitments at home. Others worry about financial responsibilities or pending legal matters they may have.
How to contact Case Management?
We are available to you 24/7 and can be reached at (855) 448-3588
Can legal issues cause financial strain?
Often, legal issues can cause a financial strain on clients who are unemployed yet have to take care of their basic needs at the time. Our case managers, therefore, provide clients with the proper resources to help with financial concerns.
What is evidence based treatment?
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains that each approach to addiction treatment is meant to serve a particular aspect of recovery, depending on an individual’s needs.
Why is evidence based medicine important?
A study published in the journal Health Policy emphasized that evidence-based practices are crucial because they dictate which methods prove to be beneficial to those in recovery versus those who don’t; assessments can be made and, over time, researchers can obtain trends for specific treatment modalities and how they’ve influenced those in recovery. There are certainly other therapies that fall under evidence-based practices, and those deemed under this category tend to be assessed under a rigid review, such as:
Why is family therapy important?
Families also tend to experience much backlash when addiction is involved, and therapy for all family members – both individually and as a collective system – are important. Family members may experience resentment, guilt, anger, depression and anxiety over their future and recovery, and family behavioral therapy can assist family members in developing healthy coping mechanisms, along with more productive communication strategies, to enhance their lives at home.
What is CBT therapy?
CBT is a highly effective form of treatment that’s been used to help many people struggling with not only addiction recovery, but also for those battling depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and more. CBT provides a hands-on approach, and has been shown to help those in recovery apply healthier coping mechanisms to intense emotions or situations by identifying which thoughts are helping them versus which thoughts are hurting them.
Why is motivational enhancement therapy important?
Many people in recovery find themselves in denial or unsure if they even have a problem that needs addressed; motivational enhancement therapy helps a person find out for themselves which route would be most beneficial, and relies on the premise that a person who is most committed to their own decision to seek treatment are going to reap the most benefits.
How does adolescent therapy help?
Various populations have different needs, and adolescent therapy can help young teens identify how they’re truly feeling. In this type of approach, adolescents will build rapport with a therapy and explore various aspects of their lives – so that with the right help, they can develop better coping mechanisms to succeed.
Is there evidence based treatment for recovery?
Over time, researchers have tested various methods to see which ones are most effective, and that’s the premise for evidence-based treatment.
How Does a Positive Control Work?
Let's go back to our headache experiment. A doctor wants to cure a headache, and heard that aspirin helps. She decides to test and see how effective aspirin actually is at curing headaches. So, she finds a group of people with headaches and gives them some aspirin. But wait - how does she know that it was the aspirin that actually cured the headaches? I've had plenty of headaches that just go away on their own.
What is a positive control?
A positive control is a part of good experimental design. A positive control receives a treatment with a known response, so that this positive response can be compared to the unknown response of the treatment. Create an account.
What are the two groups of subjects in a headache experiment?
Experiments have two major groups: the test subjects and the control subjects. The test subjects are the individuals that are being used to check what happens when something changes. The test subjects in the headache experiment would be those people with headaches who take aspirin. The control subjects are those individuals ...
What is a good experiment?
A good experiment needs something to compare the test results to. So, the doctor goes and finds another group of people with headaches, and gives them something that she knows will cure the headache. She then observes how quickly the headaches go away and how many headaches the known drug cured.
What is a test subject?
The test subjects are the individuals who are being used to check what happens when something happens. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account.
Why do scientists use experiments?
Doctors and other scientists use experiments to determine if things like drugs actually work the way they are supposed to. An experiment is an orderly procedure used to test the outcome of a particular set of circumstances, like if a drug really works.
Why is the group called the positive control?
The group is called the positive control because it has a known response. Positive controls are important in experimental design. The positive control makes sure that there isn't anything strange going on that might be mistaken for a result.
The Coronavirus Crisis
When they called to tell me my COVID-19 test was positive, I thought there must have been a mistake.
Short Wave
The woman on the phone went down a list of the things I needed to do: Stay home. Don't leave the apartment for any reason. And isolate from Jeff.
Coronavirus By The Numbers
Federal Data Reveal Which Hospitals Are Dangerously Full This Week. Is Yours?
Introduction
- Sex offenders have received considerable attention in recent years from both policymakers and the public. This is due at least in part to the profound impact that sex crimes have on victims and the larger community. Perpetrators of sex crimes have come to be viewed by policymakers, practitioners and, arguably, the public as a unique group of offenders in need of special manage…
Issues to Consider
- While there is growing interest in crime control strategies that are based on scientific evidence, determining what works is not an easy task. It is not uncommon for studies of the same phenomena to produce ambiguous or even conflicting results, and there are many examples of empirical evidence misleadingcrime control policy and practice because shortcomings in the qu…
Summary of Research Findings
- Findings From Single Studies
One of the few studies to use a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for adult sex offenders was conducted by Marques and colleagues (2005). Widely known as the California Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project, the study examined the … - Findings From Synthesis Research
One of the most influential early reviews of sex offender treatment outcome research was conducted by Furby, Weinrott and Blackshaw (1989). Based on a review of 42 individual studies, the researchers concluded that, due to methodological shortcomings and inconsistent findings, …
Summary
- Given the impact sex crimes have on victims and the larger community, and the growing number of sex offenders under correctional supervision, the need for knowledge about criminal justice interventions that are effective at reducing the recidivism of sex offenders may be greater today than ever before. While there is strong scientific evidence that therapeutic interventions work fo…