What is special treatment steel?
Special treatment steel ( STS ), also known as protective deck plate, was a type of warship armor developed by Carnegie Steel around 1910. STS is a homogeneous Krupp-type steel developed around 1910.
What is the heat treatment of steel?
The heat treatment of steel generally always involves annealing, quenching, and tempering. If you found this blog post helpful, check out how we harden and temper our steel right here in our family owned steel mill.
What type of steel was used in the Cold War?
Low-carbon STS became the forerunner of HY-80, which eventually became the standard steel for submarine construction during the Cold War. Unlike some similar steels, such as Krupp Ww, STS did not use molybdenum. DiGiulian, Tony.
What type of steel was used in the USS Forrestal?
Low-carbon STS was used in the experimental submarine USS Albacore (AGSS-569) and the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59). Low-carbon STS became the forerunner of HY-80, which eventually became the standard steel for submarine construction during the Cold War.
What is STS steel?
When did Carnegie Steel develop nickel-chrome-vanadium alloy-steel?
What submarines use low carbon steel?
What is STS armor?
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What type of steel is used for battleships?
This alloy-steel became known as "Special Treatment Steel (STS)"; it became the U.S. Navy Bureau of Construction and Repair (later Bureau of Ships) standard form of high-percentage nickel steel used on all portions of a warship needing homogeneous direct impact protection armor.
What battleship had the heaviest armor?
The thickest armour ever carried was in HMS Inflexible (completed 1881), measuring 60 cm (24 in) backed by teak up to a maximum thickness of 107 cm (42 in).
Are modern Navy ships Armoured?
The emergence of guided missiles in the last part of the 20th century has greatly reduced the utility of armor, and most modern warships are now only lightly armored. Naval armour consists of many different designs, depending on what the armour is meant to protect against.
What is STS material?
Stainless Steel (STS)
Who would win Montana or Yamato?
4 turret would have allowed Montana to overtake Yamato as the battleship having heaviest broadside overall; Montana and her sisters would have had a broadside of 32,400 lb (14,700 kg) vs. 28,800 lb (13,100 kg) for Yamato.
What battleship had the most kills?
The World's Most Dangerous Battleships8 Gangut (1911)7 USS Iowa (BB-61)6 Yamato.5 USS Missouri.4 USS North Dakota (BB-29)3 HMS Duke Of York.2 USS South Dakota (BB-57)1 HMS Anson (79)More items...•
How thick is the hull of a Navy ship?
Modern commercial ship hulls continue to be built with 14- to 19-millimeter-thick (0.5- to 0.75-inch) plate.
What replaced US battleships?
By the middle of World War II, carrier-borne aircraft become so effective that the aircraft carrier was clearly replacing the battleship as the core of the modern navy.
Does America still make battleships?
The U.S. has eight battleships on display: Massachusetts, North Carolina, Alabama, Iowa, New Jersey, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Texas.
What steel are Navy ships made of?
Navy ships, such as the USNS Bridge, have long been made with steel hulls. Navy ships, such as the USNS Bridge, have long been made with steel hulls. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has ordered its first ship hull constructed entirely of titanium, a development made possible by a new welding technique.
What are the 5 features of STS?
According to the SSTS Task Force, the following criteria constitute the characteristics of STS modules and courses of study:Societal Relevance. ... Relate STS. ... Self & Society. ... Balance of Views. ... Broadens Interest. ... Decision-skills. ... Suggested Action. ... Introduces Some Science or Qualification.
What kind of steel is used for aircraft carriers?
While high-strength 249A-type steel is being used for IAC and other warships under construction, there is also 249B-type steel, with even higher strength, for the flight deck of the carrier.
16" Battleship Gun Facts - CHUCKHAWKS.COM
By Chuck Hawks. USS Wisconsin (BB 64) firing her 16" guns during Desert Storm. Photo courtesy of WO 1 Harold H. Harrell. The US Navy's Iowa (four ships) class battleships carried a main armament of nine 16"/50 caliber guns in three triple turrets. The previous North Carolina (two ships) and South Dakota (four ships) classes carried a very similar main battery of nine 16"/45 caliber guns.
Armor thresholds - Global wiki. Wargaming.net
HE penetration. Here are some common armor thicknesses and the minimum HE shell diameters needed to penetrate them, according to the HE penetration formula.. 1/6, 1/5 and 1/4 are the HE shells' penetration coefficients.
SMS Derfflinger - Wikipedia
SMS Derfflinger was a battlecruiser of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) built in the early 1910s during the Anglo-German naval arms race.She was the lead ship of her class of three ships; her sister ships were Lützow and Hindenburg.The Derfflinger-class battlecruisers were larger and featured significant improvements over the previous German battlecruisers, carrying larger guns ...
How to heat treat steel?
From there, engineers can create the correct shape and quality steel they need. There are many methods used to heat treat steel, including but not limited to: 1 Annealing - Heating and then slowly cool steel to refine it and make it softer 2 Carburizing - Adding carbon to the surface with heat and carbon-rich substances 3 Case hardening - Carburizing and quickly cooling steel to keep the center soft while the rest hardens 4 Cyanide hardening - Like case hardening, but using molten cyanide salt for the hard case instead of carbon 5 Decarburization - Removing carbon from the steel alloy either with heat or oxidation 6 Nitriding - Adding nitrogen to the surface of steel with heat and nitrogen-rich liquid or gas 7 Drawing or Tempering - Reheating steel that has already been cooled to a specific temperature to remove hardness
What happens when steel is heated?
High temperatures used for annealing send steel into its austenite phase. During this phase, the grain quality of the steel changes. When hot steel is cooled and solid again, it cannot be used as is.
What is the process of annealing steel?
Annealing - Heating and then slowly cool steel to refine it and make it softer. Carburizing - Adding carbon to the surface with heat and carbon-rich substances. Case hardening - Carburizing and quickly cooling steel to keep the center soft while the rest hardens.
How many steps does steel go through?
If you're starting to get overwhelmed, just remember most rough steel alloy goes through three basic steps: Annealing. Quenching. Tempering.
What is steel made of?
Put simply, steel is an alloy made from a combination of iron and other elements . There are different types of steel depending on what other elements are used alongside iron. For quality assurance purposes, all the following have to be present in order for an alloy to be called steel: Aluminum. Carbon. Manganese.
Is steel an alloy?
Looks like you're ready to build your own skyscraper. (Just kidding.) To recap: All steel is an alloy of iron and a variety of other elements. All steel has to be treated in order to be used in commercial products. The heat treatment of steel generally always involves annealing, quenching, and tempering.
Can heat treated steel be left to air cool?
Heat treated steel can also be left to air cool. But as mentioned in the different steps of heat treatment above, the way steel is cooled will greatly affect its finished quality. As you may have gathered by now, the same steel will be heated and quenched many times.
Three times that iron changed the world
Strictly speaking, we can’t just talk about “steel” as if it’s all the same material. There are actually over 3,500 different types of steel, and the vast majority of them didn’t exist 20 years ago. One thing we can say, though, is that all of them start with iron. Any conversation about steel starts with iron.
A second Iron Age ..
Through the centuries that followed, all iron production was small scale. Iron is made by heating iron ore in clay or stone smelters. This releases the raw, molten iron within. Smelters like these are fuelled by charcoal.
Steel, the great polluter
There’s one big problem that all these Iron Ages have in common: the mountains of pollution that iron and steel leave behind.
We have to move into a fourth – sustainable – Iron Age
Green steel and implementing reuse on a massive scale – as far as the technology goes, we can do this. But this transition also demands a new way of thinking: circular instead of linear, long-term instead of short-term.
Dig deeper
Concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. Here’s how we can make it sustainable Half of all buildings in the world are made of concrete. It’s the ideal construction material: strong, fluid and cheap. But the climate pays the real price because concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world.
What is STS steel?
STS is a homogeneous Krupp-type steel developed around 1910. The development of such homogeneous steel resulted in testing which showed that face-hardened armor was less effective against high-obliquity glancing impacts. Around 1910, Carnegie Steel developed a new nickel-chrome-vanadium alloy-steel that offers improved protection over the prior nickel steel armor, though vanadium was no longer used after 1914. This alloy-steel became known as "Special Treatment Steel (STS)"; it became the U.S. Navy Bureau of Construction and Repair (later Bureau of Ships) standard form of high-percentage nickel steel used on all portions of a warship needing homogeneous direct impact protection armor.
When did Carnegie Steel develop nickel-chrome-vanadium alloy-steel?
Around 1910, Carnegie Steel developed a new nickel-chrome-vanadium alloy-steel that offers improved protection over the prior nickel steel armor, though vanadium was no longer used after 1914.
What submarines use low carbon steel?
Low-carbon STS was used in the experimental submarine USS Albacore (AGSS-569) and the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59). Low-carbon STS became the forerunner of HY-80, which eventually became the standard steel for submarine construction during the Cold War.
What is STS armor?
Special treatment steel ( STS ), also known as protective deck plate, was a type of warship armor developed by Carnegie Steel around 1910.
