Spanish churchmen took very seriously their obligation to Christianize the Indians. Some of them were appalled by the harsh treatment meted out to the Indians by many encomenderos and they demanded reform. One of these was a Dominican Friar, Antonio de Montesinos. As a result of his demands, the Crown promulgated the Laws of Burgos in 1512.
Full Answer
How did the Spanish treat the natives in Hispaniola?
Spanish explorers considered the natives inferior. Consequently, they forcibly converted natives to Christianity, confined them to slavery and murdered them. In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Hispaniola.
How did Spanish exploration affect Native American populations in North America?
Spanish exploitation of native populations gradually moved westward, as the explorers continued their quest for silver, gold and other valuable natural resources. They continued their inhumane treatment of native populations in South America, and eventually moved north into North America.
How were the sailors ordered to treat the natives?
The sailors were ordered to treat the natives humanely, and they were to be considered equal. The queen ordered the natives to be converted to Christianity and taught European behaviors. However, she did not authorize slavery.
How did the settlers maintain control of the natives?
This allowed the settlers to maintain control over the natives without enslaving them. Reforms. While some priests converted the natives to Christianity without complaint, other Spanish clergymen were appalled at the accounts of horrific treatment that they heard from natives. In response, they demanded reform.
Why did the Spanish fight the Native Americans?
The Spanish goal was for the peaceful submission of the Indians. The laws of Spain controlled the conduct of soldiers during wars, even when the tribes were hostile. The missionary's role was to convert the Indians to Christianity.
How did the Spanish explorers treat the natives?
What did the Spanish do to the Natives? They enslaved them and took their food.
What were the motives of the Spanish for killing the natives?
Spanish Conquistadors: Motives The first and primary reason was wealth and power. They did not care too much for the people who were poor and those who gained the most fame were not what one would consider missionaries.
Who opposed the harsh treatment of Native Americans in the Spanish colonies?
Arriving as one of the first Spanish (and European) settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose, the abuses committed by colonists against the Native Americans.
How did the Spanish treat the people conquered?
How did the Spanish treat the peoples they conquered? Badly, forced them into "encomienda" made natives farm, ranch, or mine for Spanish landlords. What was unique about the Spanish colonization of the lands of New Mexico?
How did the natives respond to the Spanish violence against them?
The Natives responded by arming themselves to fight against them, but they were no match for the Spanish's weaponry.
What did the Spanish force the natives to do?
These required that Indians were to be put into villages where they would live under supervision. They were to be baptized, given religious instruction, and encouraged to marry. They were to work for the Spaniards no more than nine months per year, and they were to be free and not mistreated.
What are the three most important reason for the Spanish conquest?
The overthrow of the Aztec Empire by Cortez and his expedition rests on three factors: The fragility of that empire, the tactical advantages of Spanish technology, and smallpox.
Why did the Spanish intermarry with the natives?
When you want more land, go on expeditions to conquer it." The strong Catholic missionary impulse of the time also meant a strong emphasis on converting the natives to Catholicism, which made it easier for Spaniards to intermarry with them. (Note that both Cortes and Pizarro married local princesses.)
Which of the following was a major effect of conflict between the Spanish and Native Americans in colonial New Mexico?
Which of the following was a MAJOR effect of conflict between the Spanish and Native Americans in colonial New Mexico? English colonies were more concerned with trade, while the Spanish government needed a labor-force to extract precious resources.
How did the Spanish English and French treat the natives?
They did not displace any Natives in the establishment of their settlement and continued to work closely with them in the fur trade. They respected Native territories, their ways, and treated them as the human beings they were. The Natives, in turn, treated the French as trusted friends.
What are the differences between the treatment of indigenous populations between the Spanish and the English?
The Spanish had to treat the natives nicer because they are marrying the natives and living with the natives. On the other hand, with the British, not only did males came to the new world, females and children came to the new world.
What was the system of Indians that was devised to deal with the Indians?
If they refused, they could be forced to comply. Many did resist and a system was devised to deal with them. It was known as the encomienda. Under this system Indians were regarded as part of the land: When land grants were made to settlers, the native inhabitants became a part of the grant.
When did Christopher Columbus land on Hispaniola?
NATIVE AMERICANS, TREATMENT OF ( SPAIN VS. ENGLAND) (ISSUE) When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he met natives there. When this was reported to Queen Isabella of Spain, she immediately decreed that the natives (Indians as the Spanish would call them) were her subjects and were morally equal to all her other ...
What was Columbus' first illegal act?
Columbus' first illegal act was to ship five hundred Indians back to Spain as slaves. When Queen Isabella heard of this, she immediately ordered that the Indians be freed and sent back to Hispaniola.
Who was the Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631?
Like the Spanish priests who were appalled at the treatment of the Indians, some English observers also spoke out. Roger Williams, a Separatist Puritan who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1631, charged that the English had no right to occupy land that the Indians were already living on.
Did the North American Indians die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean?
This intermingling, however, did not produce the same results as that of the Spaniards. The North American Indians did not die out as rapidly as their native peoples of the Caribbean and the English, who came in families, did not inter-marry with the Indians as frequently as the Spaniards.
What economic system did the Spanish colonists use to repress Native Americans?
The economic system which was used by the Spanish colonists incorporated the Native American population but also repressed it. Native Americans worked a plot of land called a encomienda, which was granted to a colonist by the governor. Indian laborers worked without pay at tasks such as tanning hides and were required to provide the owner ...
What did the Mestizos do?
Mestizos, or people of Spanish and Indian origin, could not hold any public offices and worked only in crafts. On the lowest rung were the Indians who worked on the encomiendas for the Spanish. By making race a factor in a person's economic status, colonial Spain succeeded in oppressing the natives.
What were the similarities between native and Catholic religions?
Similarities between native and Catholic religions such as the belief in a higher power also aided the process of blending the cultures together. The tolerance of the friars for the natives ended after the drought of the 1670s.
What was the economic system of Spain?
The Spanish economic system created a society of extremes. Owners of land were profiting from the labor of native peoples. The tributes and labor were expected even in times of crisis such as drought, further oppressing the natives. In colonial Spain's economic system, a person's race determined their place in society.
Who persuaded the Spanish court to allow Indians to be treated as subhumans?
To top that, In 1542, a Spanish humanist, las Casas , succeeded in persuading Spanish court, nobility and clergy that Indians could not be treated as subhumans and could not be subjected to slavery, based on humanitarian arguments, leading to Native Americans to be declared Spanish subjects with equal standing with Spaniards.
What did the Spanish treat as equals?
In contrast to what Anglo-sphere used to do with natives, seeing them as non-human and treating them as such, Spanish treated them as equals: Conquistadors immediately started marrying into native nobility to establish legitimacy as rulers. This is something unthinkable in anglosphere.
How many people did the Spanish conquistadors have?
1 – Brutal conquistadors. They were only ~300–500 people. As any student of history would know, 300 people can never conquer an entire continent. Even if they were actually brutal. The reality is that it was Spanish conquistadors and their Indian allies who conquered the Aztec.
How many people did the Aztecs sacrifice?
Aztecs, who were yearly sacrificing up to ~100,000 people empire wide, including children. As you can understand, after a hundred or so years of having your youth, women, children murdered in altars, camaraderie towards the fellow natives who rule you goes out of the window.
What were the first written records that the natives created during Guzman's stint?
The first written records which the natives created during Guzman’s stint are used as evidence against him and native americans testify as witnesses in court for his crimes. Court condemns and sentences Guzman, who is sent back to Spain in chains as a traitor and enemy of the crown for his crimes against native americans.
How many universities were opened in New Spain?
Over 23 universities were opened in New Spain, which were open to Native Americans. With first university being founded in 1538. In 1580, by the order of Spanish Crown, Indigenous languages departments were set up in Mexico and Lima universities, with the purpose of studying and teaching of indigenous languages.
Who conquered Tenochtitlan?
It wasn’t Cortez and his men who massacred the ~200,000 Aztecs when Tenochtitlan was conquered by ~1000 Spaniards and their ~80,000 Native american allies – it was their allies .