Patients should be offered analgesics and antipyretics as needed. Most patients with infectious mononucleosis are significantly fatigued, and should be allowed some decrease in their normal daily activities. However, there is no scientific basis for recommendations for strict bed rest.
Full Answer
How do antibiotics treat mono?
Antibiotics don't work against viral infections such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids. You may take over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a fever or sore throat. Treating secondary infections and other complications.
What should the nurse anticipate in a patient with mononucleosis?
Correct Explanation: The nurse should anticipate orders that include white blood cell count as this teenager is experiencing symptoms of possible mononucleosis, including severe pharyngitis, a fever, and prodromal period that includes maliase.
What are the best ways to treat mononucleosis?
Besides getting plenty of rest, these steps can help relieve symptoms of mononucleosis: 1 Drink plenty of water and fruit juices... 2 Take an over-the-counter pain reliever... 3 Gargle with salt water. Do this several times a day to relieve a sore throat...
Why are bed rest and analgesics expected to treat terminal blast crisis?
The terminal blast crisis phase of CML represents evolution to acute leukemia and is characterized by an increasing number of myeloid precursors, especially blast cells. Which is the reason why bed rest and analgesics are expected treatments for infectious mononucleosis? a) To increase the white blood count
Does mono require bed rest?
Rest — Mono can cause severe fatigue, although most people recover within two to four weeks. For some, significant tiredness lasts for weeks to months. Early in the infection, it is important to get adequate rest, although complete bed rest is unnecessary. Diet — Feeling ill often causes a loss of appetite.
What is the management for patients with infectious mononucleosis?
There's no specific therapy available to treat infectious mononucleosis. Antibiotics don't work against viral infections such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids.
How long should you rest after mono?
Most people start to recover from mononucleosis within 2 weeks, though some symptoms, such as fatigue, can take 3-4 weeks or even longer to go away. So a common treatment plan for mono is rest with a gradual return to normal activity. The goal is to ease your symptoms and treat any complications that happen.
Can you take pain meds with mono?
Getting plenty of rest, drinking ample fluids, and taking over-the-counter (OTC) fever and pain relievers can help you recover. 2 Prescription medication usually isn't needed, but corticosteroids can help reduce overly swollen tonsils in extreme cases.
Which of the following is an unusual complication of infectious mononucleosis?
Encephalitis and myocarditis are rare complications. Splenic rupture is a rare, but potentially lethal, complication of EBV infectious mononucleosis. Rare patients with EBV infectious mononucleosis develop lymphoma.
Why are special transmission precautions not necessary for EBV?
Precautions are not needed to prevent transmission because of the high percentage of seropositivity for EBV. Infectious mononucleosis is self‐limiting and typically lasts for two to three weeks.
Can you take ibuprofen when you have mono?
The most important thing you can do when you have mono is get plenty of rest and drink enough liquids. You may want to take a pain reliever such as acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol) or ibuprofen (some brand names: Advil, Motrin, Nuprin). Do not give aspirin to children with mono.
Why does mono affect the spleen?
When it's enlarged, your spleen starts to filter normal blood cells as well as abnormal blood cells. That means you have fewer healthy blood cells circulating in your bloodstream. This could result in a diminished oxygen supply to your body's tissues and organs.
What happens to your spleen when you have mono?
Mononucleosis may cause enlargement of the spleen. In extreme cases, your spleen may rupture, causing sharp, sudden pain in the left side of your upper abdomen. If such pain occurs, seek medical attention immediately — you may need surgery.
How do you prevent a ruptured spleen in mono?
Although usually a benign, self-limiting disease, it is associated with a small risk of splenic rupture, which can be life-threatening. It is common practice therefore to advise avoiding vigorous physical activity for at least 4-6 weeks, however this is not based on controlled trials or national guidelines.
How can I speed up the recovery of mono?
Home remediesStay hydrated. Drink plenty of water, fruit juice, herbal tea, soup, and broth. ... Over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Use OTC pain relievers to help bring down a fever and ease headaches and muscle aches. ... Throat gargles. ... Cool down a fever. ... Rest. ... Boost your immune system. ... Supplements.
Do antivirals help with mono?
Acyclovir, which inhibits viral shedding from the oropharynx, is the only antiviral drug used to treat infectious mononucleosis in placebo-controlled clinical trials. However, the clinical course is not significantly affected in patients with uncomplicated infectious mononucleosis.
How long does it take to recover from mononucleosis?
Wait to return to sports and some other activities. Most signs and symptoms of mononucleosis ease within a few weeks, but it may be two to three months before you feel completely normal. The more rest you get, the sooner you should recover. Returning to your usual schedule too soon can increase the risk of a relapse.
What does mononucleosis mean for young people?
For young people, having mononucleosis will mean some missed activities — classes, team practices and parties. Without a doubt, you'll need to take it easy for a while. Students need to let their schools know they are recovering from mononucleosis and may need special considerations to keep up with their work.
What to take for fever and sore throat?
Fluids help relieve a fever and sore throat and prevent dehydration. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. Use pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) as needed. These medicines have no antiviral properties. Take them only to relieve pain or a fever.
How do you know if you have mononucleosis?
Your doctor may suspect mononucleosis based on your signs and symptoms, how long they've lasted, and a physical exam. He or she will look for signs such as swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver or spleen, and consider how these signs relate to the symptoms you describe.
What test is done to check for Epstein-Barr?
Antibody tests. If there's a need for additional confirmation, a monospot test may be done to check your blood for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. This screening test gives results within a day. But it may not detect the infection during the first week of the illness.
Can a streptococcal infection go with mononucleosis?
Treating secondary infections and other complications. A streptococcal (strep) infection sometimes goes along with the sore throat of mononucleosis. You may also develop a sinus infection or an infection of your tonsils (tonsillitis). If so, you may need treatment with antibiotics for these accompanying bacterial infections.
Do antibiotics help with mono?
Antibiotics don't work against viral infections such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids. You may take over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a fever or sore throat.
What is the best treatment for mononucleosis?
Supportive therapy including bed rest and analgesics is the primary form of treatment for acute infectious mononucleosis. Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are very similar to bacterial pharyngitis (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes strep throat).
What are the complications of mononucleosis?
Most common complications are lymphocytic meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, polyneuritis, mononeuritis, and Guillain- Barré syndrome. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a condition that can lead to respiratory paralysis and death. Splenic rupture can occur, but is rare.
How long does it take for EBV to invade the lymphocytes?
EBV invades B lymphocytes by means of their CD21 receptors; within 18–24 hours, EBV antigens are detectable within the lymphocyte nucleus. The signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are the result of viral replication and the host immune response to viral antigens.
What is the antibody test for mononucleosis?
This humoral immune response, called the heterophile response, is the basis for the serologic tests used to screen for infectious mononucleosis (e.g., heterophil antibody test [Monospot test]).
How many lymphocytes produce EBV?
During the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis, as many as 20% of the circulating B lymphocytes will produce EBV antigens, whereas only 1% will produce them during convalescence.
What is the atypical lymphocyte count in EBV?
During acute EBV disease, the number of lymphocytes increases to 50–60% of the total leukocytes in the peripheral blood (a count of 20,000–50,000/ml), of which 10% are atypical lymphocytes (95% are T lymphocytes, 5% are B lymphocytes), or Downey cells. The presence of atypical lymphocytes is probably the earliest indication of EBV infection, but is not specific for EBV infection. Atypical lymphocytes can be seen in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., common variable immune deficiency, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative disorders), hepatitis, CMV infections, rubella, and roseola. Modest leukocytosis is seen, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is also frequently reported.
How long does it take for mononucleosis to show symptoms?
Infectious mononucleosis has a prodrome that includes headache, malaise, and fatigue for 4–5 days. Following the prodrome, there is usually a triad of symptoms—fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (Table L-14).
How long does it take to recover from mononucleosis?
Most people start to recover from mononucleosis within 2 weeks, though some symptoms, such as fatigue, can take 3-4 weeks or even longer to go away. So a common treatment plan for mono is rest with a gradual return to normal activity. The goal is to ease your symptoms and treat any complications that happen.
How long does it take for a monospot test to show antibodies?
This test isn’t always accurate, especially in younger children, and it takes several days for it to show the presence of the antibodies after a child starts to feel ill. The “monospot” is one test that checks for heterophile antibodies. The results of these tests are not always clear, so you may need even more tests.
What to do if you have a sore throat and you can't breathe?
If your sore throat is so severe that you have trouble breathing or eating, your doctor may give you prednisone, a steroid. Since your spleen, which is an organ in your abdomen, often becomes enlarged when you have mono, it’s more likely to rupture.
Can you take aspirin with mono?
In case mono has affected your liver, check with your doctor before you take acetaminophen. Don’t give aspirin to children or teens. It’s been linked to a disease called Reye's syndrome, a serious illness that can be life-threatening. Call 911 if you or your child is having any trouble breathing.
Can you get an EBV test for mono?
You may also get an EBV test if you don’t seem to have a typical case of mono. This blood test checks for Epstein Barr virus. Doctors usually don’ t need EBV test results to diagnose mono. But it can help them find out if the Epstein Barr virus is to blame.
Why is a client being treated for lung cancer in isolation?
A client who is being treated for small cell lung cancer has been placed in protective isolation due to neutropenia. The most likely cause of this client's neutropenia is: the effects of chemotherapy on white blood cell development.
Is neutropenia a drug?
The incidence of drug-induced neutropenia has increased significantly over the last several decades and is attributed primarily to a wider use of drugs in general and more specifically to the use of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer. A client has been experiencing anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Diagnosis
- Physical exam
Your doctor may suspect mononucleosis based on your signs and symptoms, how long they've lasted, and a physical exam. He or she will look for signs such as swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver or spleen, and consider how these signs relate to the symptoms you describe. - Blood tests
1. Antibody tests.If there's a need for additional confirmation, a monospot test may be done to check your blood for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. This screening test gives results within a day. But it may not detect the infection during the first week of the illness. A different antibody t…
Treatment
- There's no specific therapy available to treat infectious mononucleosis. Antibiotics don't work against viral infections such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids. You may take over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a fever or sore throat.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
- Besides getting plenty of rest, these steps can help relieve symptoms of mononucleosis: 1. Drink plenty of water and fruit juices.Fluids help relieve a fever and sore throat and prevent dehydration. 2. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. Use pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) as needed...
Coping and Support
- Mononucleosis can last weeks, keeping you at home as you recover. Be patient with your body as it fights the infection. For young people, having mononucleosis will mean some missed activities — classes, team practices and parties. Without a doubt, you'll need to take it easy for a while. Students need to let their schools know they are recovering from mononucleosis and may need …
Preparing For Your Appointment
- If you suspect you have mononucleosis, see your family doctor. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from your doctor.
Etiology
Manifestations
- Infectious mononucleosis has a prodromethat includes headache, malaise, and fatigue for 4–5 days. Following the prodrome, there is usuallya triad of symptoms—fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (Table L-14). Most young children with infectious mononucleosis are asymptomatic; symptoms are more pronounced in previously uninfected young adults. Major co…
Pathogenesis
- Epithelial cells of the oropharynx are the portals of EBV infection. The virus is transmitted primarily by repeated contact with oropharyngeal secretions, and is primarily transmitted by adults 30–50 days or by children 10–14 days following infection. It can be isolated from saliva, blood, and lymphatics. EBV invades B lymphocytes by means of their CD21 receptors; within 18…
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis involves identifying atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood smears. During acute EBV disease, the number of lymphocytes increases to 50–60% of the total leukocytes in the peripheral blood (a count of 20,000–50,000/ml), of which 10% are atypical lymphocytes (95% are T lymphocytes, 5% are B lymphocytes), or Downey cells. The presence of …
Therapy and Prevention
- Most cases of infectious mononucleosis are mild or moderate. Supportive therapy including bed rest and analgesics is the primary form of treatment for acute infectious mononucleosis. Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are very similar to bacterial pharyngitis (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes strep throat). If a physician treats a p...