According to WHO, treatment outcomes were categorized into: Successful outcome: If TB patients were cured (negative smear microscopy at the end of treatment and on at least one previous follow-up test) or completed treatment with resolution of symptoms.
Full Answer
WHO tuberculosis treatment outcomes?
The treatment outcome of TB patients were 371 (10.8%) cured, 2234 (64.8) treatment completed, 119 (3.5%) died, 9 (0.3%) failed, 178 (5.1%) defaulted and 534 (15.5%) were transferred out. The overall treatment success rate was 89.5%.
What is treatment outcome?
Treatment outcome research was defined by Mowrer (1953) as a situation whereby the “emphasis is upon measuring significant aspects of personality before and after treatment and noting the nature and extent of the resulting changes” (p. 4).
What is the purpose of a treatment outcome study?
Treatment outcome studies are designed to answer commonsense questions. To determine whether a treatment accomplishes anything, we have to know how patients who have not received the treatment fare. Perhaps untreated patients do just as well, implying that the treatment does not influence outcome at all.
What is treatment outcome research?
research designed to evaluate the efficacy of interventions and to investigate the mechanism by which effective interventions produce change.
Extract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important global health concern, even though it is largely curable with treatment that is affordable and widely accessible for diagnosed and notified TB patients.
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge and thank the two co-chairs of this meeting, Charles Daley and Cathy Hewison, as well as the numerous experts who attended the meeting and who contributed to the discussions.
Footnotes
All authors are staff members of the World Health Organization (WHO). They alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions or policies of WHO.
What is the WHO guideline?
A WHO guideline is defined broadly as any information product developed by WHO that contains recommendations for clinical practice or public health policy. Recommendations are statements designed to help end-users make informed ...
What is the WHO guidelines review committee?
The Guidelines Review Committee ensure that WHO guidelines are of a high methodological quality and are developed through a transparent, evidence-based decision-making process.
What is a recommendation?
Recommendations are statements designed to help end-users make informed decisions on whether, when and how to undertake specific actions such as clinical interventions, diagnostic tests or public health measures, with the aim of achieving the best possible individual or collective health outcomes .
When did WHO last update its guidance on the treatment of drug susceptible TB?
WHO last updated its guidance on the treatment of drug susceptible TB in 2017. At this time WHO issued a recommendation against the use of shorter fluoroquinolone containing regimens as the evidence did not support that these regimens were more effective than the six-month regimen. However, it is now time to review the evidence on shorter regimens ...
How many people are affected by TB annually?
Drug susceptible TB affects approximately 7 million people annually. It is currently treated with four first line TB medicines for a period of six months.
What is treatment outcome research?
Treatment outcome research was defined by Mowrer (1953) as a situation where by the “emphasis is upon measuring significant aspects of personality before and after treatment and noting the nature and extent of the resulting changes ” (p. 4). Sue and Zane (1987) have stated that therapeutic outcome is “the cumulative product of many discrete dynamics between client and therapist” (p. 44). Orlinski, Grawe, and Parks (1994) have asserted that the term “treatment outcome” has had a history of divergent meanings that have ranged from observational perspective to analysis levels. The authors pointed out that the definition and criteria for outcomes differ depending on who is completing the assessments before and after treatment is received. That is, differences are present if the assessment is completed by therapists, clients, no participant observers, or nonprofessionals. They indicated that level of analysis also had critical issues in need of clarification. These issues included the outcomes occurring within, and external to, the therapy sessions and the use of evaluative or descriptive assessment instruments. The authors concluded that “treatment outcome should refer to changes in condition (psychological, somatic, physical, social, and cultural) reflecting favorable or adverse effects on the patients well being” (p. 284).
What is outcome management?
Outcomes management is based on data gathering and management. This process begins with a unique intake process that includes initial comprehension screening to identify potential psychosocial barriers to rehabilitation. Areas of focus include the following:
What are DM outcomes?
DM outcomes are multidimensional and include both clinical and financial measures. These outcomes may be influenced only partly by the patient's condition and provider's interventions. Again, worker-workplace interactions must be considered for successful outcomes ( Brines et al, 1999 ). However, providers are cautioned about the use of RTW as a stable outcome measure because of the high recurrence of injury. RTW may not be a stable outcome measure of a DM program ( Butler et al, 1995 ). Enriched disability compensation programs can discourage full participation and compromise outcomes of vocational rehabilitation programs ( Drew et al, 2001 ).
What is Jules Rothstein's view on disability?
Jules Rothstein's quotation was embedded in an editorial entitled “Disability and Our Identity.” In this critical but constructive editorial, Rothstein contends that physical rehabilitation providers have been fixated on other matters while the central focus should be on remediation of disability. He contends that impairment measures have been an obsession with providers, who are seduced into their use in an attempt to justify treatment interventions and to establish professional credibility. Rothstein contends that clinical outcomes measures must transcend impairment measures through meaningful functional indicators.
What is the purpose of clinical outcomes measures?
Rothstein contends that clinical outcomes measures must transcend impairment measures through meaningful functional indicators. All outcome measures attempt to compare a patient's progress or lack thereof between two points in time, typically an initial evaluation to re-evaluation comparison.
How long does it take for a Level II client to return to work?
Level II clients are predicted to return to work after 5-8 weeks of treatment, because their residual impairments are of a mild nature, tissue damage is minimal to moderate, and 6 weeks or more have lapsed between symptom onset and interventions. These persons may also have signs of depression.
What is medical futility?
Introduction. Medical futility is a topic that involves judgments about the usefulness or uselessness of some medical interventions. The debate is sometimes framed as a dispute over when medical treatments are inappropriate or counterindicated. These assessments influence whether people can obtain interventions allowing them to live, die, ...
