who treatment for postpartum hemorrhage

How to manage postpartum hemorrhage?

• KQ1-3, 5: Women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) immediately post-birth to 12 weeks postpartum following pregnancy >24 weeks’ gestation
• KQ4: Women with stabilized PPH and acute blood loss anemia
• All modes of birth in any setting

What are the 4 most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage?

What are the 3 main causes of postpartum hemorrhage?

• Placental abruption. The early detachment of the placenta from the uterus.
• Placenta previa. The placenta covers or is near the cervical opening.
• Overdistended uterus.
• Multiple pregnancy.
• Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia.
• Having many previous births.
• Prolonged labor.
• Infection.

Is it normal to bleed 3 months postpartum?

Yes. It's common for postpartum bleeding (lochia) to last for at least a couple of weeks if not longer than a month. It's different for every woman. Postpartum bleeding typically stops after four to six weeks. What Should Postpartum Bleeding Look Like? It can depend on how much time has passed since you gave birth.

What are the stages of postpartum hemorrhage?

• Retained products of conception
• Infection
• Subinvolution of the placental site
• Inherited coagulation deficits

What does a nurse do for postpartum hemorrhage?

The primary role of the nurse in caring for patients with postpartum hemorrhage is to assess and intervene early or during a hemorrhage to help the client regain her strength and prevent complications. Early recognition and treatment of PPH are critical to care management.

Which injection used for PPH?

Motherwort injection, a common traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which has been found to be potential benefit in clinical practice.

Which medication may be used to treat postpartum hemorrhage clomiphene?

Pharmacotherapeutic options for PPH management are summarized in Table 2. Oxytocin, methylergonovine, and carboprost are approved by the FDA for PPH management, while misoprostol and tranexamic acid are not.

What drugs treat hemorrhage?

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an inexpensive antifibrinolytic drug that promotes blood clotting by preventing blood clots from breaking down. It has been shown to reduce mortality in trauma patients with uncontrolled hemorrhage.

How do you give oxytocin to postpartum hemorrhage?

Oxytocin is the uterotonic agent of choice; it can be administered as 10 units intramuscularly or as 20 units diluted in 500 mL normal saline as an intravenous bolus, and can safely and effectively be given to the mother with the delivery of the baby or after the delivery of the placenta.

How does oxytocin stop PPH?

Oxytocin is one such drug. Oxytocin prevents excessive postpartum bleeding by helping the uterus to contract. It is given to the mother by injection into a vein or into muscle during or immediately after the birth of her baby.

What is injection Carbetocin?

Carbetocin is a drug used to control postpartum hemorrhage, bleeding after giving birth. It is sold under the trade name Duratocin. It is an analogue of oxytocin, and its action is similar to that of oxytocin; it causes contraction of the uterus.

Does oxytocin control postpartum bleeding?

Oxytocin is the most effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage, even if already used for labor induction or augmentation or as part of active management of the third stage of labor.

What are the surgical interventions that are used to control postpartum haemorrhage?

They include various forms of compression sutures, ligation of the uterine, ovarian or internal iliac artery, and subtotal or total hysterectomy.

Who is the author of the WHO document on postpartum hemmorage?

This document was prepared by Dr A. Metin Gülmezoglu, Dr João Paulo Souza and Dr Doris Chou (WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research), Dr Mat thews Mathai (WHO Department of Making Pregnancy Safer), Dr Suzanne Hill (WHO Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies) and Dr Edgardo Abalos (Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina), on the basis of discussions at the WHO Technical Consultation on the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage and Retained Placenta, held in Geneva on 18–21 November 2008. The document was finalized after consideration of all comments and suggestions from the participants of the Consultation to earlier drafts and an internal WHO review.

What is the WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research?

The WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research works with international partners, including its collaborating centres and WHO country and regional offices, to promote the dissemination and adaptation of its recommendations. Specifically, the Department has been collaborating with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) since 2004 in a Strategic Partnership Programme to support country-level adaptation and implementation of sexual and reproductive health guidelines. The Department has also published a document, outlining the principles and processes of guideline

What is uterine massage?

Uterine massage as a therapeutic measure is defined as rubbing of the uterus manually over the abdomen sustained until bleeding stops or the uterus contracts . Initial rubbing of the uterus and expression of blood clots is not regarded as therapeutic uterine massage.

Why do we massage the uterus?

Uterine massage to ensure the uterus is contracted and there is no bleeding is a component of active management of the third stage of labour for the prevention of PPH.

Is oxytocin a good treatment for PPH?

For management of PPH, oxytocin should be preferred over ergometrine alone, a fixed-dose combination of ergometrine and oxytocin, carbetocin, and prostaglandins. (Quality of evidence: very low to low. Strength of recommendation: strong.)

Does Oxytocin help with labor?

As a general preventive approach, the use of oxytocin for active management of the third stage of labour is strongly recommended, because it reduces PPH by more than 60% (17).

Overview

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is severe bleeding after giving birth. It's a serious and dangerous condition. PPH usually occurs within 24 hours of childbirth, but it can happen up to 12 weeks postpartum. When the bleeding is caught early and treated quickly, it leads to more successful outcomes.

Symptoms and Causes

The causes of postpartum hemorrhage are called the four Ts (tone, trauma, tissue and thrombin).

Diagnosis and Tests

Healthcare providers diagnose postpartum hemorrhage through visual and physical examinations, lab tests and a thorough review of your health history.

Management and Treatment

Healthcare providers treat PPH as an emergency in most cases. Stopping the source of the bleeding as fast as possible and replacing blood volume are the goals of treating postpartum hemorrhage.

Prevention

Those with placental problems like placenta accreta, placenta previa, placental abruption and retained placenta are at the highest risk of PPH.

Living With

Recovery is different for everyone. Recovering from a postpartum hemorrhage depends on the severity of blood loss and how your healthcare provider treated it. Be sure to take care of yourself in the days following delivery — eating healthy, drinking lots of water and resting as much as possible.