What is a biological approach to addiction treatment?
A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP, Kaushik Misra, Ph.D., Amy K. Epner, Ph.D., and Galen Morgan Cooper, Ph.D. , edited by C. E. Zupanick, Psy.D. Biological approaches to addiction treatment attempt to correct or modify the presumed underlying biological causes of addiction.
What are the social and cultural factors that influence drug use?
Social-Cultural. Most teen drinking or drug use is done for social reasons, not as a way to cope with problems. Peer pressure and influence is a heavily factor in people's initial drug use. Also, alcohol tends to develop from cultural roots and differs among ethnic groups. This is seen on college campuses and fraternities.
What are the social causes of drug and alcohol abuse?
Social-Cultural. Especially for teenagers, drug use has social roots. Most teen drinking or drug use is done for social reasons, not as a way to cope with problems. Peer pressure and influence is a heavily factor in people's initial drug use. Also, alcohol tends to develop from cultural roots and differs among ethnic groups.
How can biological knowledge of addiction be used in public policy?
Biological knowledge of addictions may help inform advances in policy and prevention [203]. An improved understanding of genetic factors or related endophenotypes might help identify individuals with vulnerability factors that could be targeted preventively for interventions.
What is the best psychological treatment for addiction?
Counseling is a mainstay of substance use disorder treatment for many people. Cognitive behavioral therapy, family counseling, and other types of therapy can help you stay clean. Psychotherapy can also treat other mental health conditions that often play a role in substance abuse.
What is the best intervention for substance abuse?
CBT is often rated as the most effective approach to treatment with a drug and alcohol population.
What are the psychological causes of drug abuse?
Some of the psychological causes of drug addiction appear to stem from trauma, often when the drug addict is young....Psychological Causes of Drug AddictionA mental illness such as depression.Inability to connect with others, lack of friends.Poor performance at work or school.Poor stress coping skills.
What are the most important factors for a person seeking recovery from an addiction?
Maintenance of Psychological and Emotional Wellness. There's a strong link that binds addiction, anxiety, and depression. Research shows that mental and emotional wellness are essential to a solid recovery program. Addressing the addiction without attending to any other dimensions of mental health is ineffective.
What is the role of psychosocial Counselling in the prevention of drug abuse?
Psychosocial interventions can help drug users to identify their drug-related problems and make a commitment to change, help clients to follow the course of treatment and reinforce their achievements. They can also have a role in supporting family members and creating a network to help facilitate the recovery process.
What is a treatment plan for substance abuse?
A substance abuse treatment plan is an individualized, written document that details a client's goals and objectives, the steps need to achieve those, and a timeline for treatment. These plans are mutually agreed upon with the client and the clinician.
What are the social causes of drug abuse?
Social Factors that increase risk for adolescent substance use can include popularity, bullying, peer relationships, and association with gangs. Other possible factors are social and familial influences are often present simultaneously.
How does the biological approach explain addiction?
According to the biological model, each person's unique physiology and genetics causes addiction. People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike a particular addictive substance or activity. Some people may enjoy a substance or activity so much that it becomes very tempting and difficult to resist.
What do addiction psychologists do?
Addiction psychologists are also known as substance-abuse or behavioral-disorder psychologists. They offer advice to people who have alcohol, drug and other addictions. They may also treat behavioral issues like eating disorders.
What does Samhsa stand for?
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationSAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Who created the recovery model?
The concept of recovery can be traced back as far as 1830, when John Perceval, son of one of England's prime ministers, wrote of his personal recovery from the psychosis that he experienced from 1830 until 1832, a recovery that he obtained despite the “treatment” he received from the “lunatic” doctors who attended him.
What is a recovery model in mental health?
The recovery model aims to help people with mental illnesses and distress to look beyond mere survival and existence. [4,5,6] It encourages them to move forward and set new goals. It supports the view that they should get on with their lives, do things and develop relationships that give their lives meaning.
What are the factors that influence a person's decision to quit drugs?
Personality factors and psychological ones in particular like happiness and self-esteem are of the main factors in the decision to quit [ 13, 14 ]. Social, psychological, and motivational factors can help the PWUD in making decision to quit drugs [ 12 ]. Physical, psychological, and motivational factors can help the PWUD in ...
What are demographic variables?
The demographic variables are related to psychosocial aspects, social functions, and tendency to treatment in PWUDs. Therefore, the present study was an attempt to survey the relationship between psychological, social, and motivational factors and some of the demographical factors.
What are the factors that affect PWUD?
Physical, psychological, and motivational factors can help the PWUD in the treatment process and afterwards. In addition, demographical factors can be also useful [ 15 ]. As suggested by studies, the variables age, gender, marital status, and education level affect psychological functioning of the PWUD [ 16 ].
Does marital status affect treatment readiness?
Only marital status was significantly related to treatment readiness. So that, the divorces/widows had more motivation to quit. In addition, the type of drug has a significant relationship with treatment readiness ( P < 0.05); so that patients who use only one type of drug have more desire for treatment.
Who developed the biopsychosocial model?
George Engel (1913-1999) was a Johns Hopkins educated physician who spent most of his career at the University of Rochester in N.Y. It was at the University of Rochester that Engel first developed the biopsychosocial model.
How does biopsychosocial approach work?
As a holistic treatment method , the biopsychosocial approach aims to cultivate trust between client and doctor. The doctor and client see this bond as essential for the treatment’s effectiveness. Furthermore, the bond shortens the overall speed at which a doctor obtains a correct diagnosis. The doctor builds trust by making the client feel like the doctor hears and respects their complaints and concerns.
What is biopsychosocial model?
The biopsychosocial model makes the client a member of the diagnostic team. The medical team stresses open communication of theories, findings, treatment options, and risks to the client. This principle reinforces many of the other principles, such as trust and encouraging curiosity.
What is the difference between biomedical and biopsychosocial?
The biopsychosocial and biomedical model are two opposing methods of treatment applied to addiction. 7 The biopsychosocial model sees the client as a partner in addiction treatment. The biomedical model sees the doctor as the sole authority . The biopsychosocial model considers how addiction shapes the brain and how societal, cultural, environmental factors shape addiction. Because the biomedical model does not stress holistic causes of addiction, it makes it harder to create the unified treatment of the mind and body needed to provide the best medical care.
What is the biomedical model?
2 The biomedical model asserts that all disease is a product of a biologic defect often initiated by a biologic pathogen.
What is psychosocial influence?
Psychosocial refers to the influence culture and environment have on an individual’s brain, mood, principles, and general mental health. For example, the psychosocial definition of substance use may look at how a demanding job impacts mental health and family relationships, rather than just looking at physical issues.
Who created the client-centered hierarchy?
Dr. George Engel, along with Dr. John Romano, created a client-centered hierarchy to better visualize the diagnostic method of a biopsychosocial model. This visualization depicts societal contributors to illness such as family, mental state/illness, and subculture.
What is biological approach to addiction?
Biological approaches to addiction treatment attempt to correct or modify the presumed underlying biological causes of addiction. This approach follows a logical rationale. If we know what caused something to become broken, we can fix it. Biological Approaches to Addiction Treatment: Medications - Addictions.
Can a broken brain cause addiction?
According to biological models of addiction, a "broken" or damaged brain causes addiction. For example, perhaps someone's brain chemistry makes a particular drug a little bit too rewarding. This would make drug use very difficult to resist.
Does the US government regulate the nutritional industry?
The United States government closely regulates claims made about drugs. However, it does not regulate the nutritional industry with the same degree of scrutiny. Many claims have been made about the benefits of nutritional supplements. Thus, it may be tempting to consume nutritional supplements instead of medications.
Do researchers randomly experiment with every chemical compound they can find?
This does not mean that researchers randomly experiment with every chemical compound they can find. Researchers give considerable thought to how a particular chemical may affect the brain. They base their estimate on whatever is known about that chemical at the time of the study.
Do Americans use all kinds of medications?
Americans widely use all kinds of medications. These range from over-the-counter medications, to prescribed medications. Oddly enough, we don't always know exactly why a medication works the way it does. This does not mean that researchers randomly experiment with every chemical compound they can find.
Does nutrition affect brain chemistry?
This is not to say that nutrition has no effect on brain chemistry. It most certainly does. However, because research is limited in this area, it is difficult to determine the effectiveness and safety of nutritional additives. Most pharmaceutical studies are funded by the pharmaceutical industry.
What are the psychological approaches to drug addiction?
There are a variety of psychological approaches that can help you recover from your drug and/or alcohol addiction and maintain your sobriety. The one thing that all of these approaches share in common is the concept that you achieve abstinence if you acknowledge your addiction, ...
What is the 12-step approach to addiction?
The 12-Step facilitation approach originates from the concept of 12-Step programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA). These programs follow the psychological principal that alcoholism and drug abuse is primarily a progressive disease that involves a combination of spiritual, genetic and psychological elements. This approach helps you understand AA and/or NA principles, successfully work through the 12 Steps, achieve sobriety and play an active role in community-based 12-Step programs such as AA and NA. These programs encourage you to view your drug and/or alcohol addiction as the inability to control what happens in your life. The goals of the 12-step facilitation approach are to accept the disease, assume answerability for the recovery process, acknowledge your role in the addiction, look towards the future, establish trust with the facilitators and others in your group, change your self-destructive behaviors, practice self-disclosure, understand your own behaviors and apologize to the people you have hurt and disappointed.
What are the best ways to maintain sobriety?
Psychological approaches that can successfully you achieve and maintain sobriety include: cognitive-behavior approach, relapse prevention therapy, matrix model therapy, motivational therapy, multidimensional family therapy and the 12-Step Facilitation Approach.
How does motivational therapy help with addiction?
Motivational therapy is designed to change your addictive behavior and help you develop an aftercare plan that you can follow indefinitely.
How does motivational therapy work?
This approach uses a variety of strategies to motivate change within, instead of guiding you step-by-step through the rehabilitation process. Motivational therapy consists of a preliminary assessment of your mental health and thought process, followed by three or four treatment sessions with a psychotherapist. During your initial treatment session, you and your psychotherapist discuss the results of your initial assessment and how it relates to your substance abuse. Your psychotherapist then teaches you how to motivate yourself with positive statements when you feel the urge to use or abuse drugs and/or alcohol.
What is the purpose of a psychotherapist?
The main purpose of the psychotherapist is to monitor your behavioral change, introduce you to strategies that can help you stop the drug and/or alcohol abuse and encourage you to make a lifelong commitment to changing destructive behaviors and maintaining your sobriety.
What is MDFT therapy?
Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) is an outpatient family-based therapy for adolescent drug and/or alcohol abusers. This approach views adolescent drug and/or alcohol abuse in terms of an interdependent network of influences (adolescents, parents, siblings, peers, community, extended family and familial interactional patterns) and suggests that in order to reduce destructive behaviors such as drug and/or alcohol abuse and encourage more positive behaviors, you and your family therapist must examine the situation from a family, not individual perspective.
What are the biological factors?
Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness. Psychological factors are about the individual’s emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Social factors include social status and relations. These factors are all considered in an attempt to understand the underlying factors ...
How do social and psychological factors affect health?
Typically, psychological and social factors influence your health in two ways, which include: “affecting the basic biological processes that lead to illness and disease” and “long-standing behavior patterns. Read More.
What are the theories of crime?
A major biological theory is Richard Dugdale’s theory of inheritance. There are several psychological theories with two of them being intelligence theory and Sigmund Freud’s personality trait theory. Sociological theories includes Emilie Durkheim’s
Why is it so difficult to help a patient with behavioral problems?
This is because helping a patient to learn positively rewarding stimuli without understanding or considering factors like background or biological factor could be meaningless.
What is behavioral psychology?
Behavioral and environmental psychologists ignore the developmental, biological or psychological aspect of the individual and argue that a human person learns to control their direct environment in relation to their situations; learning their behaviors with the surroundings their in. Without combination of other approaches to psychological ...
What is the biomedical model?
• Unlike the Biopsychosocial model , the biomedical model does not consider diagnosis, which affects treatment of the patient, to be the result of a negotiation between doctor and patient . [1] • Disease: due to biological agents (germs, biological malfunction) , treat with biological means (antibiotics, surgery) . • The explanations of illness are focused on biological, physical and chemical causes while cultural, social, spiritual, and
What is biopsychosocial?
A bio-psychosocial describes an approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness.
Where does the word addiction come from?
Historically, there has been variation in the application of the word. “Addiction” is derived from the Latin verb addiceremeaning “bound to” or “enslaved by,” and in its original usage was not associated with substance use behaviors [13].
Which brain region is involved in influencing motivations and decisions?
Other brain regions such as the insula (involved in sensing physical or somatic states) and parietal cortex (involved in attentional processing) may also participate by influencing motivations and decisions to engage in addictive behaviors [76-78].
What are developmentally appropriate characteristics?
Importantly, characteristics that are developmentally appropriate (e.g., increased risk-taking) are also associated with real-life measures of adverse functioning (including with respect to addictive behaviors) [82-84], and it follows that the neurobiological underpinnings would show a similar pattern.
Does alcohol affect adolescence?
For example, in rats, exposure to alcohol during adolescence increases risky or impulsive decision-making in adulthood [108]. These findings suggest that if adolescents consume alcohol, such consumption may lead to tendencies promoting alcohol consumption, generating a vicious cycle of addictive behavior.
Do environmental factors interact with genetic factors?
Moreover, environmental factors may interact with genetic factors, and these are important to consideration in the stages of addictions [112-114]. That is, individuals with one type of genetic background may respond differently than individuals of another genetic background to the same environmental stimulus.