Which immunoglobulin is given for measles?
Immune globulin (Ig) is made from donated human blood plasma that contains antibodies to protect against infections including measles. Immune globulin can provide immediate, short-term protection when given within six days after exposure to measles.
When do you give measles immunoglobulin?
To potentially provide protection or modify the clinical course of disease among susceptible persons, either administer MMR vaccine within 72 hours of initial measles exposure, or immunoglobulin (IG) within six days of exposure.
What is the recommended treatment for measles?
There's no specific treatment for an established measles infection. However, some measures can be taken to protect vulnerable individuals who have been exposed to the virus. Post-exposure vaccination.Apr 21, 2020
Can measles be treated with injection?
Immune serum globulin. This protein injection can boost your immune system if you're pregnant, very young, or have a condition that makes it weak. You have to get it within 6 days of exposure to the virus. The injection may either prevent measles or keep your measles symptoms from being severe.Jun 12, 2020
How long does immunity from immunoglobulin last for?
One reason you might need IVIG is if your body does not make enough antibodies. This is called "humoral immunodeficiency." The IVIG simply provides extra antibodies that your body cannot make on its own. The antibodies usually last for several weeks to months and help your body fight off a large variety of infections.Feb 25, 2021
What is the causative agent of measles?
Measles is caused by an extremely contagious virus called morbillivirus.Oct 25, 2021
What antibiotics treat measles?
There's no specific treatment for measles. Unlike bacterial infections, viral infections aren't sensitive to antibiotics. The virus and symptoms typically disappear in about two or three weeks.
Is measles chronic or acute?
Measles is an acute systemic viral infection with fever, respiratory involvement and symptoms, and a rash. Measles can cause serious complications and even fatalities. Infection confers lifelong immunity.
Can injection be given to a child with measles?
Doctors can give an injection of measles antibodies (called immune globulin) to at-risk people who are exposed to measles. It's most effective when given within 6 days of contact. These antibodies can either prevent measles or make symptoms less severe.
What is rubella vs rubeola?
Rubeola is the disease commonly known as measles, while rubella is a similar but separate disease. Both are caused by viruses and can result in skin rashes, upper respiratory infections, and fevers. Rubella is typically milder and not as contagious.
Complications
People at High Risk For Complications
- People at high risk for severe illness and complications from measles include: 1. Infants and children aged <5 years 2. Adults aged >20 years 3. Pregnant women 4. People with compromised immune systems, such as from leukemia and HIV infection
Transmission
- Measles is one of the most contagious of all infectious diseases; up to 9 out of 10 susceptible persons with close contact to a measles patient will develop measles. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours after an in…
Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing
- Healthcare providers should consider measles in patients presenting with febrile rash illness and clinically compatible measles symptoms, especially if the person recently traveled internationally or was exposed to a person with febrile rash illness. Healthcare providers are required to report suspected measles cases to their local health department. Laboratory confirmation is essential …
Evidence of Immunity
- Acceptable presumptive evidence of immunity against measles includes at least oneof the following: 1. written documentation of adequate vaccination: 1.1. one or more doses of a measles-containing vaccine administered on or after the first birthday for preschool-age children and adults not at high risk 1.2. two doses of measles-containing vaccine for school-age children …
Vaccination
- Measles can be prevented with measles-containing vaccine, which is primarily administered as the combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine can be used for children aged 12 months through 12 years for protection against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella. Single-antigen measles vaccine is not …
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
- People exposed to measles who cannot readily show that they have evidence of immunity against measles should be offered post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). To potentially provide protection or modify the clinical course of disease among susceptible persons, either administer MMR vaccine within 72 hours of initial measles exposure, or immunoglobulin (IG) within six days of exposure. …
Isolation
- Infected people should be isolated for four days after they develop a rash; airborne precautions should be followed in healthcare settings. Because of the possibility, albeit low, of MMR vaccine failure in healthcare providers exposed to infected patients, they should all observe airborne precautions in caring for patients with measles. The preferred placement for patients who requir…
Resources
- Most Measles Cases in 25 Years: Is This the End of Measles Elimination in the United States? COCA call/Webinar presented May 21, 2019
- Provider Resources for Vaccine Conversations with Parents
- An Introduction to Measles Powerpoint presentation pdf icon[20 pages]
- Measles Data and Statistics Powerpoint presentation pdf icon[15 pages]
Immune Globulin
- Immune globulin (Ig) is made from donated human blood plasma that contains antibodies to protect against infections including measles. Immune globulin can provide immediate, short-term protection when given within six days after exposure to measles. It can prevent infection or make the illness less severe. Immune globulin is generally given to persons who are unable to receive …
Dosage
- For individuals who meet the criteria, the dosage is 0.5 ml/kg, to a maximum of 15 ml. Immune globulin is given by injection into the muscle. Persons weighing more than 30 kg should consider intravenous (IV) immune globulin, provided through a hospital. Intramuscular injection of Ig may not provide complete protection against measles for these indi...
Eligibility
- An individual who was exposed to measles in the last six days, is not immune to measles and is at risk for serious complications, and is not eligible for the MMR vaccine: 1. infants less than six months old 2. infants six months to a year old; more than three days since exposure, but still less than six days 3. persons with weakened immune systems 4. pregnant women
Side Effects and Risks
- Immune globulin is usually well-tolerated. The most common side effects are redness, swelling and pain around the injection site(s) (may last for several hours). Mild fever or general discomfort may also occur. Less common are flushing, headache, chills and nausea. A potential risk of blood clots has been seen, especially when Ig is given in large doses. Risk of severe allergic reaction (…
People Who Should Not Get Immune Globulin
- Not for individuals with: 1. a severe allergic reaction to immune globulin 2. a very low platelet count or other blood clotting disorder 3. a condition called isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgA) Persons who have received intravenous immune globulin in the past three weeks are considered protected against measles and do not need Ig.
Precautions
- Delay immune globulin if you have fever or illness more serious than a cold.
- Postpone getting live vaccines for six months. Ig can interfere with the immune response to live vaccines (e.g. MMR, chickenpox).
- If you received a live vaccine in the past two weeks, you may need to repeat vaccination six months after you received immune globulin.
Measles
- Measles is very contagious. The virus is easily spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include fever, rash, cough, red eyes and a runny nose. The red rash usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Complications from measles include ear infections, pneumonia, miscarriage, an infection of the brain causing brain damage, and death.
For More Information
- talk to your doctor/health care provider
- call our Immunization Information Line at 416-392-1250
Introduction
Summary of Principles For Vaccinating Immunocompromised Persons
Specific Immunocompromising Conditions
Specific Considerations For Use of Vaccines
Use of Immune Globulins
- Immune Globulin (IG) For immunocompromised persons, IG is indicated to preventmeasles following exposure. If immediate protection against measlesis required for immunocompromised persons with contraindications tomeasles vaccination, including exposed infants less than 1 year ofage, passive immunization with IG, 0.5 mL/kg of body weight (maximumdose...
References