When do transgender persons seek gender reassignment treatment?
With the onset of puberty, transgender persons typically experience significant psychological distress (gender dysphoria) and consequently seek gender-affirming—or gender reassignment—treatment ( e4 ).
Are there any publications about gender reassignment surgery?
While there appears to be many publications regarding gender reassignment surgery, it became clear that many of the publications did not meet our inclusion/exclusion criteria as explained earlier in the decision memorandum. Thirty-three papers were eligible based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria for the subsequent review (Figure 1).
What are integrated therapeutic approaches to gender reassignment disorder (GD)?
Integrated therapeutic approaches are used to treat GD, including psychological interventions and gender reassignment therapy. Gender reassignment therapy, either as male-to-female transsexuals (transwomen) or as female-to-male transsexuals (transmen), consists of medical and surgical treatment that changes primary or secondary sex characteristics.
How should hormonal gender reassignment be treated?
In view of its far-reaching consequences, some of which are irreversible, hormonal gender reassignment treatment should only be initiated after meticulous individual consideration, with the approval of the treating psychiatrist/psychotherapist and after extensive information of the patient by an experienced endocrinologist.
Who started gender reassignment?
History. In the US in 1917, Alan L. Hart, an American tuberculosis specialist, became one of the first trans men to undergo hysterectomy and gonadectomy as treatment of what is now called gender dysphoria. In Berlin in 1931, Dora Richter became the first known transgender woman to undergo vaginoplasty.
What are the medical protocols for gender reassignment?
Medical treatment of gender dysphoria might include:Hormone therapy, such as feminizing hormone therapy or masculinizing hormone therapy.Surgery, such as feminizing surgery or masculinizing surgery to change the chest, external genitalia, internal genitalia, facial features and body contour.
Is gender dysphoria required for surgery?
According to the association's standards of care, “persistent, well documented gender dysphoria” is a prerequisite for hormone treatment and most surgical interventions.
Does insurance cover male to female surgery?
Yes, sometimes health insurance coverage includes gender-affirming surgery. It's important to note that it's not a requirement for a single health insurance plan to cover any specific kind of procedure.
What is Wpath standards care?
The overall goal of the guidelines from WPATH, called “Standards of Care'', is to provide clinical guidance for health professionals to assist transgender and gender diverse people with safe and effective pathways to achieve lasting personal comfort with their gendered selves, and to maximize their overall health, ...
Is gender reassignment surgery legal in the US?
No states have enacted a blanket ban on gender reassignment treatment for transgender minors.
How many genders are there?
There are many different gender identities, including male, female, transgender, gender neutral, non-binary, agender, pangender, genderqueer, two-spirit, third gender, and all, none or a combination of these.
Does Obama Care cover gender reassignment surgery?
The healthcare law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, among other bases, in certain health programs and activities." While Section 1557 was initially a big step towards equality in health care for transgender Americans, it does not require coverage for sex reassignment surgery and related medical care.
How much does it cost to change gender in India?
While the cost of undergoing sex reassignment surgeries (SRS) at private hospitals or clinics can range between Rs 2 to Rs 5 lakh for a male to female (MTF) transition, for a female to male (FTM) is anywhere between Rs 4 to Rs 8 lakh.
What is bottom surgery for female to male?
FTM Bottom Surgery Phalloplasty creates a penis and urethra (to stand while urinating). We use tissue from your forearm or thigh. We do this in 2 stages. Metoidioplasty takes your existing genital tissue and makes it longer, turning it into a defined phallus.
General Information
CPT codes, descriptions and other data only are copyright 2020 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/HHSARS apply.
Article Guidance
Gender Dysphoria (GD) is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition, DSM-5™ as a condition characterized by the "distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender" also known as “natal gender”, which is the individual’s sex determined at birth.
Bill Type Codes
Contractors may specify Bill Types to help providers identify those Bill Types typically used to report this service. Absence of a Bill Type does not guarantee that the article does not apply to that Bill Type.
Revenue Codes
Contractors may specify Revenue Codes to help providers identify those Revenue Codes typically used to report this service. In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. Unless specified in the article, services reported under other Revenue Codes are equally subject to this coverage determination.
Who was the first person to attempt reassignment?
Such efforts are of interest not just for medical reasons but also for the light they shed on gender differences. The first effort at reassignment, by John Money, involved David Reimer whose penis was accidentally damaged at eight months due to a botched circumcision. The Money Perspective.
What is the first hurdle for reassignment?
Anecdotally, the first hurdle for reassignment is how the result is perceived by others. This problem is familiar to anyone who looked at Dustin Hoffman's depiction of a woman ( Tootsie ). Diligent as the actor was in his preparation, his character looked masculine.
What is McHugh's argument about surgery?
These are heterosexual men who derive sexual pleasure from wearing women's clothing. According to McHugh , surgery is the logical extreme of identifying with a female identity through cross-dressing.
Why is gender important?
Gender may be the most important dimension of human variation, whether that is either desirable, or inevitable. In every society, male and female children are raised differently and acquire different expectations, and aspirations, for their work lives, emotional experiences, and leisure pursuits. These differences may be shaped by how children are ...
Did transsexuals regret surgery?
As McHugh reported, one of his female colleagues said: “Gals know gals, and that's a guy.”. According to McHugh, although transsexuals did not regret their surgery, there were little or no psychological benefits: “They had much the same problems with relationships, work, and emotions, as before.
Is there a biological explanation for transgender people?
There seems to be no easy biological explanation for the transgender phenomenon (2). Transgender people commonly report a lifelong sense that they feel different from their biological category and express satisfaction after surgery (now called gender affirmation) that permits them to be who they really are.
Is McHugh surgery covered by insurance?
McHugh's views are associated with the religious right-wing that has lost ground in this area. Transgender surgery is now covered by medical insurance reflecting more positive views of the psychological benefits. Aspirational Surgery.
What is BCBSVT audit?
BCBSVT reserves the right to conduct audits on any provider and/or facility to ensure compliance with the guidelines stated in the medical policy. If an audit identifies instances of non-compliance with this medical policy, BCBSVT reserves the right to recoup all non-compliant payments.
What are the requirements for gender reassignment surgery?
Readiness criteria for gender reassignment surgery includes the individual demonstrating progress in consolidating gender identity, and demonstrating progress in dealing with work, family, and interpersonal issues resulting in an improved state of mental health. In order to check the eligibility and readiness criteria for gender reassignment surgery, it is important for the individual to discuss the matter with a professional provider who is well-versed in the relevant medical and psychological aspects of GD. The mental health and medical professional providers responsible for the individual's treatment should work together in making a decision about the use of cross-sex hormones during the months before the gender reassignment surgery. Transsexual individuals should regularly participate in psychotherapy in order to have smooth transitions and adjustments to the new social and physical outcomes.
What is BCBSVT medical policy?
BCBSVT Medical Policies are developed to provide guidance for members and providers regarding coverage in accordance with all terms, conditions and limitations of the subscriber contract. Benefit determinations are based in all cases on the applicable contract language. To the extent that there may be any conflict between Medical Policy and contract language, the contract language takes precedence.
What did Roy Cooper call the dark cloud hanging over the state?
Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper called it a "dark cloud hanging over" the state that had stained its reputation. Thoreson pointed to previous efforts in South Dakota to curb transgender rights: In 2019, a proposed ban on transgender athletes competing as the gender they identify with was met with sharp derision.
Will trans athletes be banned from competing?
A 2019 bill that would ban trans athletes from competing as the gender they identify as was defeated. Many of the bills proposed this session are nearly identical in language and their provisions, which Thoreson said is proof that lobbyists are centering their efforts on restricting access to hormone therapy and gender reassignment surgery.
Is gender reassignment therapy a felony?
Senate and House bills in Florida would make performing gender reassignment therapy a felony. Bills in Oklahoma and South Carolina would strip physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals of their licenses if they participate.
Is gender reassignment illegal in 2020?
Since the start of the 2020 legislative session, at least six states have proposed to restrict transgender minors' access to gender reassignment treatments, including surgery and hormone therapy. Some bills would make it illegal for physicians to administer the treatments. Others would classify the act as child abuse.
Is Missouri a gender reassignment state?
Missouri has proposed no fewer than five laws, four of them identical, that ban healthcare providers from performing gender reassignment treatments and would classify parents who sign off on the treatments as child abusers. Those state legislatures are ruled by a Republican majority.
Can state lawmakers stop fighting about the rights of their transgender citizens?
(CNN) State lawmakers can't stop fighting about the rights of their transgender citizens: Their access to bathrooms. The sports they can play in school. Whether businesses can turn them awa y because of their gender identity.
Is gender reassignment surgery a misdemeanor?
The first vote happened Wednesday in South Dakota. The bill would make it a misdemeanor for physicians or any medical professionals to perform gender reassignment surgeries on minors or provide patients 16 and younger with hormones, even if the minor is emancipated.
