Antibiotic coverage should be provided when performing subgingival curettage for patients with valvular heart disease. myocardial infarction
Full Answer
Should all practicing physicians use antimicrobial agents?
By following these general principles, all practicing physicians should be able to use antimicrobial agents in a responsible manner that benefits both the individual patient and the community.
When is a combination regimen indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections?
When infections are thought to be caused by more than one organism, a combination regimen may be preferred because it would extend the antimicrobial spectrum beyond that achieved by a single agent.
What if a patient does not benefit from antimicrobial therapy?
Similarly, when a patient does not benefit from antimicrobial therapy chosen on the basis of clinical presentation, additional investigations are needed to determine the etiologic agent or exclude noninfectious diagnoses.
What are antibiotic combinations used for?
As already discussed, antibiotic combinations are used in empiric therapy for health care–associated infections that are frequently caused by bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Combination therapy is used in this setting to ensure that at least 1 of the administered antimicrobial agents will be active against the suspected organism (s).
What conditions require antibiotic prophylaxis?
According to these guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered for people with:Artificial heart valves.A history of an infection of the lining of the heart or heart valves known as infective endocarditis, an uncommon but life-threatening infection.More items...
Which of the following conditions may require a patient to receive antibiotic premedication prior to dental treatment?
Patients at risk of developing infective endocarditis or infection of a prosthetic joint may require antibiotic prophylaxis during dental treatment.
What medical conditions require antibiotics before dental work?
Today, the AHA only recommends antibiotics before dental procedures for patients with the highest risk of infection, those who have:A prosthetic heart valve or who have had a heart valve repaired with prosthetic material.A history of endocarditis.A heart transplant with abnormal heart valve function.More items...
What is an antibiotic prophylaxis and what type of patient may be given this?
Antibiotic prophylaxis is the use of antibiotics before surgery or a dental procedure to prevent a bacterial infection. This practice isn't as widespread as it was even 10 years ago. This is due to: the increase in the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics.
What are two reasons that a patient may need premedication?
It now recommends premedication for patients with:artificial heart valves.a history of infective endocarditis, which is an infection of the lining inside the heart or heart valves.a heart transplant that developed a heart valve problem.certain types of congenital heart conditions.
When is antibiotic prophylaxis recommended?
The AHA's 2021 scientific update reinforced that antibiotic prophylaxis is only indicated for patients at the highest risk of infective endocarditis, citing that risks of adverse effects and development of drug-resistance likely outweighs benefits of prophylaxis in many patients that were historically included in ...
Why do heart patients have to take antibiotics before dental work?
Vital Information: People with certain heart conditions, especially those involving the heart valves, should take antibiotics one hour before dental work or similar procedures to avoid a potentially fatal heart infection called endocarditis.
Why do you need antibiotics before dental work?
Antibiotic prophylaxis (or premedication) is simply the taking of antibiotics before some dental procedures such as teeth cleaning, tooth extractions, root canals, and deep cleaning between the tooth root and gums to prevent infection.
Who needs premedication before dental work?
Any medical condition that predisposes patients to a bacteria-induced infection should be considered a candidate for premedication, reports the American Dental Association. The dental practitioner or their healthcare provider determines if the patient requires this therapy if they are at risk for infection.
Why is it important to prescribe a shorter antibiotic treatment course?
However, it also is important to provide a substantial treatment course so that an infection is treated adequately and relapse is prevented. This article is a review of the general principles for setting optimal antibiotic durations of therapy.
What antibiotics are used for urinary tract infections?
Fosfomycin tromethamine, quinolones, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and beta-lactams are some of the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections. Even though these antibiotics can concentrate well in the genitourinary tract, each can differ in duration of treatment.
What is the purpose of procalcitonin test?
The use of biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and the procalcitonin test also has been instrumental in evaluating antibiotic response and determining the duration of antibiotic therapy. Unlike CRP, procalcitonin is more specific to bacterial infections; therefore, the test has been used to curtail unnecessary antibiotic usage.
How long does it take to treat a CAP?
For example, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be treated in as little as 5 days, but once the patient’s condition is complicated by bacteremia or severe sepsis, a longer course of antibiotics is essential. 3.
Why is it important to monitor bacterial clearance?
Monitoring for bacterial clearance is crucial because day 1 of antimicrobial therapy is the first day on which negative blood cultures are obtained. 15 Acquiring unnecessary cultures should be avoided because a positive culture having no signs and symptoms of infection could lead to treating colonized bacteria.
Is it safe to take antibiotics?
Although antibiotics are, in general, safe, they also have many risks associated with their use, including the development of allergic reactions, Clostridium difficile infection, and antibiotic resistance, as well as a higher price tag. As such, many clinicians prefer prescribing a shorter treatment course.
Is antibiotics based on evidence?
Most recommendations in infectious disease guidelines are based on either expert opinions or evidence-based medicine. A short or long course of antibiotics can be given to a patient, depending on the drug used, the severity of an infection, and response to treatment (Table 1). Although antibiotics are, in general, safe, ...
What is the name of the first group of antibiotics?
Antibiotics: Sulfonamides. One of the first groups of antibiotics. Often combined with another antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim (a nonsulfonamide antibiotic), known as Bactrim, Septra, or co-trimoxazole and often abbreviated as SMX-TMP, is used commonly in clinical practice.
What to do before starting antibiotic therapy?
Nursing Implications. Before beginning therapy, assess drug allergies ; renal, liver, and cardiac function; and other lab studies. Be sure to obtain thorough patient health history, including immune status. Assess for conditions that may be contraindications to antibiotic use or that may indicate cautious use.
What is prophylactic therapy?
Prophylactic therapy: treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma. Therapeutic response. Decrease in specific signs and symptoms of infection are noted (fever, elevated white blood cell count, redness, inflammation, drainage, pain) Subtherapeutic response.
What is the difference between antibiotic therapy and prophylactic therapy?
Definitive therapy: antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organism identified with cultures. Prophylactic therapy: treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma.
What should a nurse clarify?
The nurse should clarify the patient's statements with open-ended questions. A patient has a prescription for a sulfa drug as treatment for a UTI. She is also taking an oral contraceptive, an oral sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug, and phenytoin for a history of seizures.
Why do we use prophylactic antibiotics?
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is used to prevent infections in individuals who are at high risk of development of an infection during or after a procedure. The antibiotics are given before the procedure for prophylactic treatment.
Can tetracyclines be used with dairy products?
Tetracyclines should not be administered with dairy products. Correct answer: D. Rationale: Assess for significant drug interactions, including simultaneous use of antacids, antidiarrheal drugs, dairy products, calcium, enteral feedings, and iron preparations.