What is meant by bacteriostatic control of microbial growth?
Control of Microbial Growth: Definitions BacteriostaticAgent: An agent that inhibitsthe growth of bacteria, but does not necessarily kill them. Suffix stasis: To stop or steady. Germicide: An agent that kills certain micoorganisms.
Which of the following chemicals destroy microorganisms and viruses?
Glutaral-dehyde, ortho-phthaladehyde and formaldehyde destroy microorganisms and viruses by inactivating proteins and nucleic acids. Chlorhexidine is a biguanide extensively used in antiseptic products.
What are the physical agents used for microbial control?
A variety of physical agents and methods can be used for microbial control. Of these, high temperature, radiation and filtration are the agents of choice for achieving sterilization of the objects and environment in laboratories, pharmaceuticals, fermentation industries etc.
What are some approaches to control microbial growth?
Gravity Created by kenlizzyyy Terms in this set (111) What are some approaches to control microbial growth? (5.1) The methods used to destroy or remove microbes can be physical, such as heat treatment, irradiation, and filtration, or chemical.
Which inhibits the growth of the microbes?
An antiseptic is an agent that kills or inhibits growth of microbes but is safe to use on human tissue. A sanitizer is an agent that reduces microbial numbers to a safe level. An antibiotic is a metabolic product produced by one microorganism that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.
What are the antimicrobial agents for inhibiting the growth of microbes?
Bacteriostatic antibiotics – These antibiotics have an inhibitory effect on bacteria. Example: Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol.
Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis?
Penicillins and cephalosporins are the major antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
What are antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agent?
ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS. The term antibiotic strictly refers to substances that are of biological origin whereas the term chemotherapeutic agent refers to a synthetic chemical.
What is antimicrobial treatment?
An antimicrobial therapy kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therapies that kill microorganisms are called microbiocidal therapies and therapies that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called microbiostatic therapies.
What is an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi?
antifungal. An agent that destroys or inhibits growth of fungi.
Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis?
This drug acts to inhibit bacterial protein and DNA synthesis. Puromycin is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial protein translation....Protein Synthesis Inhibitors.DrugTargetTypeChloramphenicolChloramphenicol acetyltransferaseenzymeChloramphenicolChloramphenicol 3-O phosphotransferaseenzymeLinezolid23S ribosomal RNAtarget127 more rows
Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis?
Bacterial RNAP as an antibiotic target The rifamycin antibacterial agents–rifampin (also known as rifampicin), rifapentine, and rifabutin–function by binding to and inhibiting bacterial RNAP [1–3].
Which of the following antibiotics attacks the ribosome and prevents protein synthesis?
Macrolide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. They bind at the nascent peptide exit tunnel and partially occlude it. Thus, macrolides have been viewed as 'tunnel plugs' that stop synthesis of every protein.
What is chemotherapeutic agent in microbiology?
Chemotherapeutic agents (synthetic antibiotics): antimicrobial agents of synthetic origin useful in the treatment of microbial or viral disease. Examples are sulfonilamides, isoniazid, ethambutol, AZT, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol.
What is bacterial chemotherapy?
Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious disease. There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy: Antibacterial chemotherapy, the use of antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections.
What is chemotherapy in microbiology?
chemotherapy, the treatment of diseases by chemical compounds. Chemotherapeutic drugs were originally those employed against infectious microbes, but the term has been broadened to include anticancer and other drugs.
What are the learning objectives of microbial control?
Learning Objectives. Understand and compare various chemicals used to control microbial growth, including their uses, advantages and disadvantages, chemical structure, and mode of action. In addition to physical methods of microbial control, chemicals are also used to control microbial growth. A wide variety of chemicals can be used as ...
Why do proteins refold?
This is because alcohols coagulate proteins.
How does alcohol work?
They work by rapidly denaturing proteins, which inhibits cell metabolism, and by disrupting membranes, which leads to cell lysis. Once denatured, the proteins may potentially refold if enough water is present in the solution.
What is phenol used for?
Figure 13.19 Phenol and phenolic compounds have been used to control microbial growth. (a) Chemical structure of phenol, also known as carbolic acid. (b) o-Phenylphenol, a type of phenolic, has been used as a disinfectant as well as to control bacterial and fungal growth on harvested citrus fruits.
What is the name of the chemical used to disinfect a wound?
In the 1800s, scientists began experimenting with a variety of chemicals for disinfection. In the 1860s, British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827–1912) began using carbolic acid, known as phenol, as a disinfectant for the treatment of surgical wounds (see Foundations of Modern Cell Theory ). In 1879, Lister’s work inspired the American chemist Joseph Lawrence (1836–1909) to develop Listerine, an alcohol-based mixture of several related compounds that is still used today as an oral antiseptic. Today, carbolic acid is no longer used as a surgical disinfectant because it is a skin irritant, but the chemical compounds found in antiseptic mouthwashes and throat lozenges are called phenolics.
Why is scrubbing important for surgery?
The goal of surgical scrubbing is to reduce the normal microbiota on the skin’s surface to prevent the introduction of these microbes into a patient’s surgical wounds.
When was natamycin approved?
It was approved by the FDA in 1982 and is used to prevent fungal growth in various types of dairy products, including cottage cheese, sliced cheese, and shredded cheese. Natamycin is also used for meat preservation in countries outside the United States.
What are the learning objectives of microbial control?
Learning Objectives. Understand and compare various chemicals used to control microbial growth, including their uses, advantages and disadvantages, chemical structure, and mode of action. In addition to physical methods of microbial control, chemicals are also used to control microbial growth. A wide variety of chemicals can be used as ...
Why is triclosan less prone to resistance?
Other disinfectants with a less specific mode of action are much less prone to engendering resistance because it would take much more than a single genetic change. Use of triclosan over the last several decades has also led to a buildup of the chemical in the environment.
What is triclosan in wastewater?
Eventually, triclosan in wastewater finds its way into surface waters, streams, lakes, sediments, and soils, disrupting natural populations of bacteria that carry out important environmental functions, such as inhibiting algae.
What is triclosan used for?
Initially used in toothpastes, triclosan is now commonly used in hand soaps and is frequently impregnated into a wide variety of other products, including cutting boards, knives, shower curtains, clothing, and concrete, to make them antimicrobial.
What is the name of the chemical used to disinfect a wound?
In the 1800s, scientists began experimenting with a variety of chemicals for disinfection. In the 1860s, British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827–1912) began using carbolic acid, known as phenol, as a disinfectant for the treatment of surgical wounds (see Foundations of Modern Cell Theory ). In 1879, Lister’s work inspired the American chemist Joseph Lawrence (1836–1909) to develop Listerine, an alcohol-based mixture of several related compounds that is still used today as an oral antiseptic. Today, carbolic acid is no longer used as a surgical disinfectant because it is a skin irritant, but the chemical compounds found in antiseptic mouthwashes and throat lozenges are called phenolics.
How does alcohol work?
They work by rapidly denaturing proteins, which inhibits cell metabolism, and by disrupting membranes, which leads to cell lysis. Once denatured, the proteins may potentially refold if enough water is present in the solution.
Why do proteins refold?
This is because alcohols coagulate proteins.
Microbial Control by Use of High Temperature
Control by Use of Low Temperature
- Decrease in temperature of incubation results in the decrease in the overall rate in the cellular metabolism and hence the rate of growth. Therefore, low temperature is widely used for the control of microblal activities in the materials, especially for preservation of foods, food products and beverages. Control of organisms, using low temperature can be achieved at a). refrigeratio…
Microbial Growth Control by Desiccation
- Removal of wateris called desiccation. Desiccation of microblal cells and their environment stops microbial growth and activities. This is because Water required for activity of cellular enzymes as well as growth is not available. This is one of the most widely used methods for microblal control of food spoilage as well as the preservation of cultures during freeze drying method. A number o…
Control by Use of Osmotic Pressure
- When the cells are exposed to high osmotic conditions (high concentrations), water from cells come out resulting into plasmolysisof cells. This results into desiccation of cells that inhibit metabolic activities, and cause control of microbial growth. Similarly, when cells are exposed to low osmotic conditions, water from outside enter the cell causing plasmoptyses. The cells get r…
Microbial Control by Sonication
- Bacteria can be disrupted by using sonic and ultrasonic waves. Sound waves with a frequency of 720000 cycles/sec. are more effective. They can be achieved by use of electrically vibrating needle or disc.
Microbial Control by Radiations
- Therefore, these radiations are used for the control of microorganisms. These high energy radiations are of different types: - Ultraviolet rays, - X-rays, - Gamma rays and - Cathode rays. Sterilization by use of radiation Is also known as cold sterilization.
Microbial Control by Filtration
- Principle of microbial control by filtration- In addition, certain filters cause removal of organisms by adsorption also. Charged surface of these filters ald in removal of negatively charged bacteria from the system by causing their adsorption on the filter surface.