What is a widespread response to a drug?
A generalized response to a drug by the body. The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect. The body's decreased reponse to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages.
How does the drug have a widespread influence on the body?
The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect. The body's decreased reponse to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages. Medication applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area.
Which of the following drugs has a single pharmacological effect?
No drug has a single pharmacological effect. A drug usually produces several pharmacological effects. Pharmacological effects may be classified as desired and undesired effects even when used in usual dose. For example, rifampicin is used for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Why do drugs accumulate in the body with repeated doses?
menas that a drug level begins to accumulate in the body with repeated doses because the drug is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is administered. The effect that was intended; that is, if the drug lowered the blood pressure as was intended, the desired effect was achieved.
What is the term for how the drug produces the desired therapeutic effect?
Efficacy: Broadly, efficacy refers to the capacity of a drug to produce an alteration in a target cell/organ after binding to its receptor.
What does efficacy mean in drugs?
Listen to pronunciation. (EH-fih-kuh-see) Effectiveness. In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect.
What does efficacy of treatment mean?
A treatment is said to be efficacious to the extent that it brings about desired outcomes under highly controlled conditions (e.g., optimal operational definition for selecting patients, delivering treatment, dosing treatment, indexing the effects of treatment, and so forth).
What is a drug effect other than desired?
Side effects are unwanted, usually unpleasant, effects caused by medicines. Most are mild, such as a stomachache, dry mouth, or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the medicine. Others can be more serious. Sometimes a drug can interact with a disease that you have and cause a side effect.
What is affinity and efficacy?
Affinity describes strength of drug binding with receptor (“fit the lock”). Efficacy describes ability of drug-bound receptor to produce a response (“turn the key”). Agonists have both affinities for the receptor as well as efficacy but antagonists have only affinity for the receptors and no (zero) efficacy.
What is efficacy and efficiency?
Efficacy is getting things done. It is the ability to produce a desired amount of the desired effect, or success in achieving a given goal. Efficiency is doing things in the most economical way. It is the ratio of the output to the inputs of any system (good input to output ratio).
What is efficacy and potency?
Potency denotes the amount of drug needed to produce a given effect. Efficacy is the maximal effect that a drug produces irrespective of concentration (dose)
What is an idiosyncratic effect?
The term idiosyncratic drug reaction (IDR) has been used in various ways and has no clear definition, but the term is used in this review to designate an adverse reaction that does not occur in most patients treated with a drug and does not involve the therapeutic effect of the drug.
What is the meaning of adverse effect?
Listen to pronunciation. (AD-vers eh-FEKT) An unexpected medical problem that happens during treatment with a drug or other therapy. Adverse effects may be mild, moderate, or severe, and may be caused by something other than the drug or therapy being given.
What is adverse effect vs side effect?
Adverse events are unintended pharmacologic effects that occur when a medication is administered correctly while a side effect is a secondary unwanted effect that occurs due to drug therapy. It is a common misconception that adverse events and side effects are the same thing.
What is a side effect of a drug?
A ‘ side-effect’ of any substance is defined as an effect that happens beyond the intended primary or chief effect of that prescribed drug. These symptoms or side-effects are a natural consequence of the chemical reactions that take place between the drug and the body. Adverse effects are unexpected by both the patients and ...
What are the side effects of taking a medication?
A client may have various side effects from taking certain medications; Side effects include but are not limited to the following; Change in behavior; Change in alertness; Change in eating or swallowing; Change in mobility; Skin rashes;
What is the difference between an adverse effect and a therapeutic effect?
This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence of the treatment. An adverse effect , on the other hand, is a harmful and undesired effect.
What is an adverse effect?
Adverse Effects. Definition. It is defined as an effect that happens beyond the intended primary or chief effect of that prescribed drug. It is defined as the effect or reaction of prescribed medicine that is over and beyond the chief and desired action of that drug. They are.
What is a medication allergy?
Medication Allergy. A reaction occurring as the result of unusual sensitivity to a medication or other substance; Maybe the mild or life-threatening situation; May include rashes, swelling, itching, significant discomfort or an undesirable change in mental status, which should be reported to physician.
When there is a change in the client, what to do and who to notify?
When there is a change in the client, follow your facility’s policy on what to do and who to notify, which may include; Notifying the supervisor, health care professional and/or physician; NOT administering a medication when there is a change in the client without contact with the client’s physician.
Do you need treatment for a symtom?
Mostly, there is no need for treatment. They require treatment. They are used for beneficial and therapeutic effects. They can be controlled. The symptoms can be predicted. They can turn out to be fatal for patients. Their effect can be reduced. The symptoms cannot be predicted.
What is a pharmacological effect?
Pharmacological effect may be defined as the physiological and/or biochemical changes in the body produced by a drug in therapeutic concentration. No drug has a single pharmacological effect. A drug usually produces several pharmacological effects. Pharmacological effects may be classified as desired and undesired effects even when used in usual ...
What is a prodrug?
Definition of prodrug: Prodrugs are some chemical substances which do not produce pharmacological effects until they are chemically altered within the body. Such chemical substances are called prodrugs. So basically, prodrugs are inactive drugs which are converted to active drugs inside the body by chemical alterations.
What is the definition of pharmacopeia?
Definition of Pharmacopeia: Pharmacopeia is a book containing a list of drugs with descriptions, tests, formulas for preparing the same drug. The word pharmacopeia comes from the Greek word pharmakon and poiein. Poiein means make. The term pharmacopeia was first used in Italy in 1580.
What is the origin of prodrug?
The concept of prodrug was first coined when a red dye, protonsil, was found to be effective against microorganisms only in vivo, not in vitro. It was due to conversion of protonsil dye, in vivo, to sulfanilamide, the first sulfonamide. in vivo means with living body and in vitro means outside the living body.
What is the therapeutic effect of digoxin?
In case of digoxin, the therapeutic effect is unlikely if the plasma concentration is less than 1mmol/L. Beneficial effect with a low risk of toxicity is obtained when the plasma concentration of digoxin is in between 1 and 3.8mmol/L. However, the risk of toxicity is increased considerably when the concentration of digoxin is above 3.8mmol/L.
Is dopamine a prodrug?
But dopamine is essential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Thus its prodrug levodopa is used for the treatment of Parkin son’s disease. Levodopa can easily cross the blood-brain barrier via an amino acid carrier and is then converted (decarboxylated) into dopamine by dopa decarboxylase with the CNS.
What is a reaction to a drug?
An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of a drug. This reaction can be life threatening. Medication is sprayed or breathed into the nose, throat, and lungs. It is absorbed into teh mucous membrane lining of the nose and throat and by the alveoli of the lungs.
Why does a drug level begin to accumulate in the body with repeated doses?
menas that a drug level begins to accumulate in the body with repeated doses because the drug is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is administered . The effect that was intended; that is, if the drug lowered the blood pressure as was intended, the desired effect was achieved.
How is sublingual medication absorbed?
This drug is then slowly absorbed into the bloodstream through the lining of the stomach and intestines. A sublingual medication is one that is placed under the tongue. Advantage: more rapid absorption rate than oral; higher concentration of medication reaches the bloodstream by not passing through the stomach.
What is the definition of a medication administered by inhalation?
Definition. Medications administered by inhalation are those that are sprayed or inhaled into the nose, throat, and lungs. Medication is absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the nose and throat and by the alveoli of the lungs. Advantage: good absorption due to large surface contact area; provides rapid treatment.
What is sublingual medication?
Sublingual. Definition. A sublingual medication is one that is placed under the tongue. Quickly absorbed through the mucous membrane lining of the mouths; also known as hypoglossal. Advantage: more rapid absorption rate than oral; higher concentration of medication reaches the bloodstream by not passing through the stomach.
Why does a drug have a widespread influence on the body?
The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect. The body's decreased reponse to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages. Medication applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area.
Where is a tablet of meds absorbed?
It is in tablet form. The medication is absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the mouth. Medications administered by inhalation are those that are sprayed or inhaled into the nose, throat, and lungs. Medication is absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the nose and throat and by the alveoli of the lungs.
