Is there a way to prevent tuberculosis?
Apr 13, 2016 · Which statement about the prevention and treatment of TB is false? 1. The BCG vaccine is important in reducing the transmission of TB. 2. WHO reommends starting antiretroviral therapy for anyone who is HIV-positive who has TB. 3. Any responsible individual can be a DOTS provider. 4. DOTS is a cost-effective approach to TB treatment
What questions should I ask about tuberculosis (TB) prevention?
Which statement about the prevention and treatment of TB is false? 1. The BCG vaccine is important in reducing the transmission of TB.
What is the treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis?
Chapter 6: Treatment of Tuberculosis Disease. 142 Are the following statements about TB treatment true or false? (Choose the one best answer and write the letter for the correct answer on the line next to the question number.) Statements
What is tuberculosis (TB) disease?
Terms in this set (10) The BCG vaccine is important in reducing the transmission of TB. Which statement ab out the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is false? Hepatitis B. Each of the following is an emerging infectious disease EXCEPT: The proportion of people with a disease that die from the disease.
How does drug resistant TB develop?
Secondary resistance, or acquired resistance, develops during TB therapy, either because the patient was treated with an inadequate regimen or because the patient did not
What are the drugs that treat TB?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of TB disease (Table 6.2). In addition, the fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin), although not approved by the FDA for TB disease, are commonly used to treat TB disease caused by drug-resistant organisms or for patients who are intolerant of some first-line drugs. Rifabutin, approved for use in preventing Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with HIV infection but not approved for TB disease, is useful for treating TB disease in patients concurrently taking drugs that interact with rifampin (e.g., certain antiretroviral drugs). Amikacin and kanamycin, nearly identical aminoglycoside drugs used in treating patients with TB disease caused by drug-resistant organisms, are not approved by the FDA for treatment of TB.
What is a dot in TB?
DOT is a component of case management that helps ensure patients adhere to therapy. It is the method whereby a trained health-care worker or another trained designated person watches a patient swallow each dose of anti-TB drugs and documents it. DOT is the preferred core management strategy recommended by CDC for treatment of TB disease and, if resources allow, for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment. DOT can reduce the development of drug resistance, treatment failure, or relapse after the end of treatment. Good case management, which includes establishing a relationship with the patient and addressing barriers to adherence, facilitates successful DOT.
Why is it important for clinicians to evaluate a patient's response to treatment?
It is important for clinicians to evaluate a patient’s response to treatment to determine the ecacy of the treatment and to identify any adverse reactions. Clinicians use three methods to determine whether a patient is responding to treatment:
What are incentives and enablers?
Incentives are small rewards given to patients to encourage them to take their medicines and to keep DOT or clinic appointments. Enablers are things that help the patient receive treatment, such as bus fare to get to the clinic. Incentives and enablers should be chosen according to the patient’s needs, and they are frequently offered along with DOT.
How long does it take to develop a TB control plan?
For each patient with newly diagnosed TB disease, a specific treatment and monitoring plan should be developed in collaboration with the local TB control program within 1 week of the presumptive diagnosis. This plan should include:
Is rifampin a fixed dose?
Although there is no evidence indicating that fixed-dose combination medications are superior to individual drugs, expert opinion suggests that these formulations should be used when DOT is given daily or when DOT is not possible. The use of fixed-dose combination capsules or tablets facilitates DOT administration by minimizing the chance for error through the use of fewer tablets and may reduce the risk of acquired drug resistance since one medication cannot be selectively taken. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved fixed-dose combinations of isoniazid and rifampin (Rifamate®) and of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide (Rifater®). Clinicians should become familiar with the management of TB disease using these fixed-dose combination drugs.
Who is at risk for TB?
Those at high risk for developing TB disease include: People with HIV infection. People who became infected with TB bacteria in the last 2 years. Babies and young children. People who inject illegal drugs. People who are sick with other diseases that weaken the immune system. Elderly people.
What are the risks of latent TB?
Many people who have latent TB infection never develop TB disease. But some people who have latent TB infection are more likely to develop TB disease than others. Those at high risk for developing TB disease include: 1 People with HIV infection 2 People who became infected with TB bacteria in the last 2 years 3 Babies and young children 4 People who inject illegal drugs 5 People who are sick with other diseases that weaken the immune system 6 Elderly people 7 People who were not treated correctly for TB in the past
Can you take medicine for TB?
If you take your medicine as instructed, it can keep you from developing TB disease. Because there are less bacteria, treatment for latent TB infection is much easier than treatment for TB disease. A person with TB disease has a large amount of TB bacteria in the body. Several drugs are needed to treat TB disease.
What is the best treatment for TB?
TB disease can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months. There are 10 drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating TB. Of the approved drugs, the first-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regimens are: 1 isoniazid (INH) 2 rifampin (RIF) 3 ethambutol (EMB) 4 pyrazinamide (PZA)
How long does it take to treat TB?
TB disease can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months. There are 10 drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating TB. Of the approved drugs, the first-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regimens are: isoniazid (INH) rifampin (RIF)
How long does pyrazinamide last?
pyrazinamide (PZA) TB Regimens for Drug-Susceptible TB. Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of 2 months, followed by a continuation phase of either 4 or 7 months (total of 6 to 9 months for treatment). Drug Susceptible TB Disease Treatment Regimens. Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of 2 months, ...
What is XDR TB?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). Treating and curing drug-resistant TB is complicated.
Can TB make you sick?
TB disease will make a person sick. People with TB disease may spread the bacteria to people with whom they spend many hours. It is very important that people who have TB disease are treated, finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as prescribed.