Are there any drugs that can induce phototoxicity?
There are a large number of drugs able to induce phototoxic side effects. The number of case reports of phototoxicity is increasing due to the introduction of new drugs in the market and to the excessive exposure of humans to natural solar radiation and/or artificial sunlamps [1].
What are the photosensitising properties of drugs used for?
The photosensitising properties of some drugs are sometimes used for therapeutic purposes in photodynamic therapy ( PDT) and photochemotherapy ( PUVA ). What are the clinical features of drug-induced photosensitivity?
What are the signs and symptoms of phototoxic drug reactions?
Jeffrey B. Jackson, in xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 2007 Patients with phototoxic reactions initially have an exaggerated sunburn-like reaction with erythema, tenderness, mild to moderate swelling, and, in severe cases, blistering.
Why do 5 quinolone antibacterial agents have different phototoxic potentials?
Wagai N., Tawara K. Possible reasons for differences in phototoxic potential of a 5 quinolone antibacterial agents: generation of toxic oxygen. Free Radical Res. Commun.
Which pharmacologic agents have phototoxicity as a side effect?
Drugs that have been implicated in causing photosensitive eruptions are reviewed. Tetracycline, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, voriconazole, amiodarone, hydrochlorothiazide, naproxen, piroxicam, chlorpromazine and thioridazine are among the most commonly implicated medications.
Which antibiotics cause phototoxicity?
Sulfamethoxazole, a component of the commonly used antibiotic cotrimoxazole, has been implicated as a cause of phototoxicity, as well as dapsone. Sulfasalazine, used for rheumatoid arthritis, causes hyperpigmentation of skin exposed to light.
What are phototoxic drugs?
Sun-sensitizing drugs (photosensitivity) definition and facts. Sun-sensitive or photosensitive drugs are drugs that cause a moderate to severe skin reaction that is similar to a bad sunburn when exposed to the sun (UV rays), usually the forehead, nose, hands, arms, and lips.
Which drug class causes photosensitivity?
BackgroundClassMedicationPhoto-toxic ReactionAntibioticsTetracyclines (doxycycline, tetracycline)YesFluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin)YesSulfonamidesYesNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsIbuprofenYes40 more rows•Sep 18, 2020
Which drug has highest phototoxicity?
Phototoxicity is a known effect of fluoroquinolones, and most fluoroquinolones seem able to cause phototoxicity (and perhaps photocarcinogenesis to a greater or lesser degree) [4, 8–11]: in the UK, a postmarketing study of oral ciprofloxacin demonstrated phototoxicity in 2 of 37 000 treated patients (5.4/100 000) [12].
Does tetracycline cause phototoxicity?
Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics largely employed in infectious, dermatological and surgical fields. Some adverse events may occur during treatment, including photosensitivity reactions, which are divided in phototoxic or photoallergic.
How is drug-induced phototoxicity treated?
Topical corticosteroids and cool compresses may alleviate drug-induced photosensitivity. The use of systemic corticosteroids should be reserved for the most severe cases. If sunscreens are not the cause of the photosensitivity, they should be used liberally.
What is a phototoxic reaction?
Phototoxic reaction This is the most common reaction and usually occurs when a drug you're taking (whether by mouth or topically applied) is activated by exposure to UV light and causes damage to the skin that can look and feel like a sunburn or a rash.
What are the side effects of doxycycline?
AdvertisementBlistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin.decreased appetite.diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody.difficulty with swallowing.feeling of discomfort.headache.hives, itching, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue.hives or welts, itching, or rash.More items...•
What drugs have photosensitivity reactions?
Primary Classes of Medications Responsible for Photosensitizing ReactionsAntihistamines.Coal Tar and Derivatives.Contraceptives, Oral and Estrogens.Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.Phenothiazines.Psoralens.Sulfonamides.Sulfonylureas.More items...•
What medications can cause sun sensitivity?
There are certain types of medicines that can cause sensitivity to the sun. Some of these include: Antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim)...The Sun and Your Medicinetime of day.season.geographic location.altitude, and.weather conditions (cloudy day versus clear)
What are side effects of furosemide?
This medication may cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these unlikely but serious side effects: muscle cramps, weakness, unusual tiredness, confusion, severe dizziness, fainting, drowsiness, unusual dry mouth/thirst, nausea, vomiting, fast/irregular heartbeat.
What are the side effects of phototoxic drugs?
The clinical symptoms of phototoxic side effects include sunburn, erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, desquamation, etc.
Where is the phototoxic reaction?
These include the upper anterior portion of the neck or the uppermost anterior chest, the extensor surfaces of the arms, the dorsal hands, and the face, with sparing of the upper eyelids, the areas just behind the ears, the scalp, and the underside of the chin. Phototoxic reactions may result in hyperpigmentation of the skin because ...
What are the symptoms of phototoxic reactions?
Signs and Symptoms. Patients with phototoxic reactions initially have an exaggerated sunburn-like reaction with erythema, tenderness, mild to moderate swelling, and, in severe cases, blistering. As the reaction is dependent on exposure to light, areas exposed to direct sunlight are most commonly involved.
Why are fluoroquinolones important?
Primarily because of their photocarcinogenic properties, the fluoroquinolones have played a large role in increasing regulatory authorities’ awareness of the problem of drug-induced phototoxicity.
When did Haxthausen and Hausmann show that UVR could produce cutaneous phototoxicity?
In 1929 Haxthausen and Hausmann were able to show that the administration of a variety of drugs or chemicals, either by the oral route or parenteral administration, followed by UVR, could produce cutaneous phototoxicity in man [ 95 ].
Does phenanthrene cause mammary tumors?
A single oral dose of phenanthrene did not induce mammary tumors in rats, and a single subcutaneous injection did not result in treatment-related increases in tumor incidence in mice. Neonate mice administered intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections of phenanthrene also did not develop tumors.
Is phenanthrene a carcinogen?
It has induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells. The available data are inadequate to permit an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of phenanthrene in experimental animals; however, a number of other PAHs have caused tumors in laboratory animals via oral, inhalation, and dermal exposures. A single oral dose of phenanthrene did not induce mammary tumors in rats, and a single subcutaneous injection did not result in treatment-related increases in tumor incidence in mice. Neonate mice administered intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections of phenanthrene also did not develop tumors. No skin tumors were reported in two skin-painting assays with mice. Phenanthrene was also tested in several mouse skin initiation–promotion assays. It was active as an initiator in one study, inactive as an initiator in four others, and inactive as a promoter in one study.
What is the clinical feature of drug-induced photosensitivity?
The clinical features of drug-induced photosensitivity vary according to the photosensitising agent involved and the type of reaction it causes in the skin. The reaction can be phototoxic and/or photoallergic.
What is drug induced photosensitivity?
What is drug-induced photosensitivity? Drug-induced photosensitivity occurs when certain photosensitising medications cause unexpected sunburn or dermatitis (a dry, bumpy or blistering rash) on sun- exposed skin ( face, neck, arms, backs of hands and often lower legs and feet). The rash may or may not be itchy.
What is the difference between phototoxic and photoallergic?
Phototoxic reactions result from direct damage to tissue caused by light activation of the photosensitising agent , whilst photoallergic reactions are a cell-mediated immune response in which the antigen is the light-activated photosensitising agent.
What is the chemical reaction that causes photosensitivity?
Drug- and chemical-induced photosensitivity occurs when a drug or chemical agent combines with UV radiation to cause a phototoxic or photoallergic reaction . These agents are called photosensitisers and can be topical agents or medications that are taken orally.
Can oral photosensitising medications cause phototoxic reactions?
Although some oral photosensitising medications can cause photoallergic reactions, most cause phototoxic reactions. A handful of medications can cause both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. The clinical features differ between phototoxic and photoallergic reactions.
What are the side effects of sulfonamide?
Side effects related to the use of sulfonamides include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in addition to which of the following signs and/or symptoms? a. Abdominal pain, colitis, crystalluria, and phototoxicity.
What are the side effects of tetracyclines?
Side effects related to the use of tetracyclines include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in addition to which of the following signs and/or symptoms? a. Abdominal pain, colitis, crystalluria, and phototoxicity.
What antibiotics kill bacteria?
broad spectrum antibiotic. Common antibiotics include the. penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease acquired from tuberculosis bacilli.
What are the side effects of quinolones?
Theophylline, triazolam (Halcion), warfarin, digoxin, verapamil, and fluconazole. (Diflucan) Side effects related to the use of quinolones include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in addition to. which of the following signs and/or symptoms? a. Abdominal pain, colitis, crystalluria, and phototoxicity.