The classic diuretic used in the treatment of glaucoma is the carbonic anhy- drous inhibitor acetazolamide. A similar agent, methazolamide, has also been used. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors block the hydration reaction of car- bon dioxide, with the subsequent formation of bicarbonate
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO⁻₃.
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. That means this drug works to cause an accumulation of carbonic acid by preventing its breakdown. The result is lower blood pH (i.e., more acidic), given the increased carbonic acid, which has a reversible reaction into bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion.
How do diuretics work to treat glaucoma?
Diuretics have been used to treat glaucoma for many years. The major mechanism involved is not an increase in renal salt and water excretion, but rather a decrease in local eye aqueous humor production, leading to a reduction of intraocular pressure. However, other mechanisms of diuretic action have been suggested as well.
What should a nurse observe when administering a thiazide diuretic?
The nurse must closely observe clients receiving a potassium-sparing diuretic for signs of hyperkalemia, a serious and potentially fatal electrolyte imbalance. A nurse administers a thiazide diuretic to a client with renal compromise as prescribed by the primary health care provider.
What are the different types of drugs for glaucoma?
Drugs to treat glaucoma are classified by their active ingredient. These include: prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and rho kinase inhibitors. In addition, combination drugs are available for patients who require more than one type of medication.
Which loop diuretic is used to treat pulmonary edema?
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is used in the treatment of pulmonary edema and the edema associated with heart failure, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, and ascites. Which diuretic is the drug of choice for the prevention of tissue damage after a closed head injury?
Which diuretic is used in glaucoma?
The oral form, acetazolamide, is a mild or weak diuretic which may be used to treat glaucoma.
Which of the following diuretics are used in the treatment of open angle glaucoma?
Oral agents, such as acetazolamide and methazolamide, primarily are used only for the treatment of refractory POAG and secondary glaucomas because they have increased systemic adverse effects.
What are the 3 types of diuretics?
There are three types of diuretics:Thiazide.Loop.Potassium sparing.
Which drug is used as diuretic?
Thiazides are the most commonly prescribed diuretics. They're most often used to treat high blood pressure. These drugs not only decrease fluids, they also cause your blood vessels to relax. Thiazides are sometimes taken with other medications used to lower blood pressure.
What is the best treatment for glaucoma?
Laser surgery is usually the first choice for non-medication glaucoma treatment. Also known as laser trabeculoplasty, this form of treatment is ideal for open-angle glaucoma. Your doctor will use the laser to unclog the fluid channels in the trabecular meshwork of your eye.
What is a thiazide diuretic drug?
Thiazide diuretics are an FDA-approved class of drugs that inhibit the reabsorption of 3% to 5% of luminal sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. By doing so, thiazide diuretics promote natriuresis and diuresis.
What are the 5 types of diuretics?
Let's take a closer look at the classes of diuretics and how they work, and what nurses need to know.Loop Diuretics. ... Thiazides and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. ... Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ... Potassium-Sparing Diuretics. ... Osmotic Diuretics. ... Nursing Considerations.
What are the examples of diuretics?
Examples of diuretics include:Aldactone (spironolactone)Bumex (bumetanide)Demadex (torsemide)Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide)Lasix (furosemide)Zaroxolyn (metolazone)
What type of diuretic is furosemide?
Furosemide belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics (also known as water pills). Furosemide is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions.
What is spironolactone used for?
Spironolactone is used in combination with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. Lowering blood pressure can reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks. Spironolactone is also used to lessen the need for hospitalization for heart failure.
Is Lasix a diuretic?
Lasix (furosemide) is an anthranilic acid derivative that is used as a strong diuretic in adults and children to treat excessive fluid accumulation (edema) caused by congestive heart failure, liver failure, renal failure, and nephritic syndrome.
What is the most effective diuretic?
Loop diuretics are the most potent diuretics as they increase the elimination of sodium and chloride by primarily preventing reabsorption of sodium and chloride. The high efficacy of loop diuretics is due to the unique site of action involving the loop of Henle (a portion of the renal tubule) in the kidneys.