Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?
Exotoxins vary in their cytotoxic potency, with the clostridial neurotoxins being the most potent exotoxins of humans.
Which of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal paroxysmal and convalescent stages?
Pertussis is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. This disease has 3 stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. The symptoms of the catarrhal stage are mild and may go unnoticed.
Which of the following bacterial diseases of the respiratory system can be prevented by vaccine?
In the United States, vaccines can help prevent infection by some of the bacteria and viruses that can cause pneumonia:COVID-19.Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)Influenza (flu)Measles.Pertussis (whooping cough)Pneumococcal.Varicella (chickenpox)
Which of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test?
The causes of these false-positive reactions may include, but are not limited to, the following: Previous TB vaccination with the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Infection with nontuberculosis mycobacteria (mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis)
What is paroxysmal coughing?
Paroxysmal coughing involves frequent and violent coughing that can make it hard for a person to breathe. Coughing is an automatic reflex that helps your body get rid of extra mucus, bacteria, and other foreign substances.
What is the catarrhal stage?
Catarrhal stage: can last 1–2 weeks and includes a runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, and a mild cough (all similar symptoms to the common cold). Paroxysmal stage: usually lasts 1–6 weeks, but can per- sist for up to 10 weeks. The characteristic symptom is a burst, or paroxysm, of numerous, rapid coughs.
Which of these lower respiratory diseases should be treated with antibiotics?
The mainstay of treatment for the most important bacterial lower respiratory tract infections, namely acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is the use of antibiotics.Jul 23, 2018
When do you need antibiotics for upper respiratory infection?
Antibiotic use should be reserved for moderate symptoms that are not improving after 10 days or that worsen after five to seven days, and severe symptoms. When to treat with an antibiotic: S. pyogenes (group A streptococcus infection). Symptoms of sore throat, fever, headache.Sep 15, 2006
Which of the following respiratory diseases is caused by bacteria?
Bacteria. The most common type of bacterial pneumonia is called pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae germ that normally lives in the upper respiratory tract. It infects over 900,000 Americans every year.Dec 14, 2021
How is tuberculin skin test administered?
AdministrationLocate and clean injection site 5–10 cm (2–4 inches) below elbow joint. Place forearm palm-up on a firm, well-lit surface. ... Prepare syringe. Check expiry date on vial and ensure vial contains tuberculin PPD-S (5 TU/0.1 ml). ... Inject tuberculin (see Figure A3.1) ... Check injection site. ... Record information.
Who should have a two step tuberculin skin test?
A 2-Step TST is recommended for initial skin testing of adults who will be periodically retested, such as healthcare workers. A 2 step is defined as two TST's done within 1month of each other.
How does tuberculin skin test work?
The TB skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid (called tuberculin) into the skin on the lower part of the arm. A person given the tuberculin skin test must return within 48 to 72 hours to have a trained health care worker look for a reaction on the arm.Mar 8, 2021