What should be the priority for chest pain?
Chest Pain. While the priority in any patient who presents with chest pain is to exclude catastrophic or life threatening (cardiac) causes, non-life-threatening etiologies, which may be functionally disabling, are much more common in the primary care setting and require a cost-effective approach to diagnosis.
When to seek emergency medical help for chest pain?
Seek emergency medical help if you have unexplained chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes. A heart attack generally causes chest pain for more than 15 minutes. The pain may be mild or severe. Some heart attacks strike suddenly, but many people have warning signs hours or days in advance.
What tests are used to diagnose and treat chest pain?
by selected tests such as an electrocardiogram or chest radiograph, allow the physician to accurately diagnose most causes of chest pain, especially CAD, and to judge which patients likely have a benign etiology.
What is included in the prehospital care of chest pain?
Chest Pain. Stabilization of such patients should begin in the prehospital setting and includes supplemental oxygen, intravenous access, and placement of a cardiac monitor. A 12-lead electrocardiogram should be obtained if possible. Patients who are thought to be experiencing a myocardial infarction should chew a 325 mg aspirin tablet.
When administering aspirin to a patient who has chest pain?
Aspirin is not administered for pain relief in the presence of chest pain. It is given because it has antiplatelet properties and numerous studies have proven that it prevents further clotting within minutes of being administered.
What is the immediate intervention for acute myocardial infarction?
Although the immediate priority in managing acute myocardial infarction is thrombolysis and reperfusion of the myocardium, a variety of other drug therapies such as heparin, β-adrenoceptor blockers, magnesium and insulin might also be considered in the early hours.
Which of the following drugs is are used for relief of chest pain among patients with chronic stable angina?
Nitrates or beta blockers are usually recommended first for people with stable angina. Calcium channel blockers are an alternative if there are side effects or other conditions that limit the use of beta blockers and nitrates.
Which drug groups are most often used to treat patients with angina?
Nitrates. Often used to treat angina, nitrates relax and widen your blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow to your heart muscle. Nitrates in pills or sprays act quickly to relieve pain during an event.
Why are ACE inhibitors used after MI?
A meta-analysis concluded that administration of an ACE inhibitor within 3 to 16 days of infarction can slow the progression of cardiovascular disease and improve the survival rate (figure 1) [1].
Which among the following is given immediately to a patient with myocardial infarction?
- Immediate care needs to be provided to the patient suffering from an MI before it leads to heart failure or death. - Streptokinase is an enzyme produced by many species of streptococci that activates plasminogen, a factor that dissolves fibrin and thus blood clots. So, the correct answer is 'Streptokinase'.
What is nitroglycerin used for?
Descriptions. Nitroglycerin is used to prevent angina (chest pain) caused by coronary artery disease. This medicine is also used to relieve an angina attack that is already occurring.
What is GTN used for?
Glyceryl trinitrate, or GTN, is a type of medicine called a nitrate. It is used to treat angina (chest pain). It can help stop chest pain if an angina attack has already started.
Which of the following medication should be used for the immediate treatment of chronic stable angina symptoms?
One of the first treatments your doctor may recommend is a blood thinner, such as aspirin, heparin, or clopidogrel. When your blood isn't as thick, it can flow more freely through your arteries. may use other medications to reduce angina symptoms, including drugs that reduce: blood pressure.
Which of the following is a drug commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris?
Nitrates are often used to treat angina. Nitrates relax and widen the blood vessels so more blood flows to the heart. The most common form of nitrate used to treat angina is nitroglycerin. The nitroglycerin pill is placed under the tongue.
Which one of the following drugs would be used to treat angina pectoris?
Sublingual nitroglycerin has been the mainstay of treatment for angina pectoris. Sublingual nitroglycerin can be used for acute relief of angina and prophylactically before activities that may precipitate angina.
Which beta blocker is best for angina?
Water soluble beta-blockers are less likely to cause sleep disturbancesIndicationRecommendationAnginaAll beta-blockers are considered to be equally effective although bisprolol or metoprolol may be preferred. Celiprolol and pindolol tend not to be usedArrhythmiasMetoprolol or bisoprolol3 more rows•Jul 21, 2017
What is the best treatment for cardiogenic shock?
A drug that may improve the symptoms of cardiogenic shock patients in the field is: Dopamine. Signs of cardiac tamponade include: Muffled heart tones. If a patient with cardiac tamponade becomes hypotensive in the field, you should: Administer a fluid bolus. Aneurysms are most commonly the result of:
Where is the left anterior chest?
Left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercostal space. Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆. Left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercostal space. Click again to see term 👆.
What is epinephrine used for?
Epinephrine is used to treat patients in anaphylactic shock because of its effects of: a. Vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. b. Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction. c. Increased heart rate and automaticity. d.
What happens if the left ventricle loses 25% of its muscle mass due to myocardial infar
If the left ventricle loses 25% of its muscle mass due to myocardial infarction: The heart can still pump effectively. The most common cause of death following myocardial infarction is: Fatal dysrhythmia. Chest pain associated with MI: Is constant. A patient in left ventricular failure is expected to have:
What is chest wall pain?
Chest wall pain is a type of muscle pain. Bruised chest muscles — from excessive coughing, straining or minor injury can cause harmless chest pain. One type of chest wall pain is costochondritis. Costochondritis causes pain and tenderness in and around the cartilage that connects your ribs to your breastbone (sternum).
What are the symptoms of chest pain?
Nausea, indigestion, heartburn or abdominal pain. Shortness of breath. Lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting. Sweating. In women, chest pain is not always severe or even the most noticeable symptom. Women tend to have more-vague symptoms, such as nausea or back or jaw pain, which may be more intense than the chest pain.
What is chest pain caused by?
Angina. Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscle. It's relatively common, but it can be hard to tell the difference from other types of chest pain, such as indigestion. Angina can be stable or unstable.
What is the swelling of the pericardium?
Pericarditis is swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding your heart (pericardium). Pericarditis can cause sharp chest pain that gets worse when you cough, lie down or take a deep breath. Pericarditis is usually mild and goes away without treatment.
What is the term for a blood clot in the lung?
Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a blood clot in the lung. It occurs when a clot, usually in the leg or pelvis, breaks free and gets stuck in a lung artery (pulmonary artery). The clot interrupts blood flow, making it more difficult for your lungs to provide oxygen to the rest of your body.
Why does my chest hurt?
Chest pain is a common reason that people seek medical treatment. Anxiety, indigestion, infection, muscle strain, and heart or lung problems can all cause chest pain. If your chest pain is new, changing or otherwise unexplained, seek help from a doctor.
What does it feel like to have a heart attack?
Someone having a heart attack may have any or all of the following: Chest pain, pressure or tightness, or a squeezing or aching sensation in the center of the chest. Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or occasionally upper abdomen. Nausea, indigestion, heartburn or abdominal pain.
Where to take a patient with chest pain?
Any patient with a recent onset of chest pain, especially when the symptoms are ongoing, who may be potentially unstable based upon history, appearance, or vital signs, should be transported immediately to an emergency department preferably in an ambulance equipped with a defibrillator.
What is the purpose of a history and physical exam?
The history and physical examination, complemented by selected tests such as an electrocardiogram or chest radiograph, allow the physician to accurately diagnose most causes of chest pain, especially CAD, and to judge which patients likely have a benign etiology. The need for a good history and physical examination is emphasized by the fact that, ...
Is chest pain a primary diagnosis?
While the priority in any patient who presents with chest pain is to exclude catastrophic or life-threatening (cardiac) causes, non-life-threatening etiologies, which may be functionally disabling, are much more common in the primary care setting and require a cost-effective approach to diagnosis. The correct diagnosis is most often derived from a detailed history that is supported by specific physical findings, an electrocardiogram, and/or chest x-ray.