Medication
Various CAM have been used for the management of allergic rhinitis, including traditional Chinese medicines, acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbal therapies [52]. In a number of studies, acupuncture has been shown to provide modest benefits for patients with allergic rhinitis [52, 53].
Therapy
Previous response to intranasal corticosteroids may also be suggestive of an allergic etiology, and likely indicates that such treatment will continue to be beneficial in the future [1]. Important elements of the history for patients with suspected allergic rhinitis are summarized in Table 2.
Self-care
Abstract Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms–rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion.
Nutrition
The recent classification of allergic rhinitis as suggested by ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines [5] is on the basis of: Duration as “intermittent” or “persistent” disease,
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What is the best treatment for allergic rhinitis?
Is there a previous response to intranasal corticosteroids in suspected allergic rhinitis?
What is the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?
What are the ARIA guidelines on the classification of allergic rhinitis?
What treatments are not recommended for allergic rhinitis?
Decongestants in the form of nasal sprays are also available, including oxymetazoline (sample brand name: Afrin) and phenylephrine (sample brand name: Neo-synephrine). However, these are not recommended for treating allergic rhinitis.
What is the primary treatment for allergic rhinitis?
An intranasal corticosteroid alone should be the initial treatment for allergic rhinitis with symptoms affecting quality of life. Compared with first-generation antihistamines, second-generation antihistamines have a better adverse effect profile and cause less sedation, with the exception of cetirizine (Zyrtec).
What are the 2 basic treatments for rhinitis?
Treatment of allergic rhinitis includes allergen avoidance, antihistamines (oral and intranasal), intranasal corticosteroids, intranasal cromones, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunotherapy. Occasional systemic corticosteroids and decongestants (oral and topical) are also used.
Which of the following would not be a good choice as treatment for allergic rhinitis in the elderly?
Based on our present knowledge, first-generation antihistamines are not recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, especially in older patients, because there is a high risk of adverse reactions in elderly people due to the lack of receptor specificity as well as these drugs being able to cross the blood–brain ...
What is the pathophysiology of rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after exposure to allergens via IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, which are characterized by 4 cardinal symptoms of watery rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and sneezing.
Do antihistamines help non allergic rhinitis?
Intranasal antihistamines are effective for nonallergic rhinitis, likely because of their actions as anti-inflammatory and neuroinflammatory blockers. Azelastine and olopatadine (Patanol) are available in the United States, but only azelastine is FDA approved for the treatment of chronic nonallergic rhinitis.
Which antihistamine is preferred for treating allergic rhinitis?
Newer generation H1-antihistamines are safer than first-generation agents and should be the first-line antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis [12].
Which class of drugs is most effective in preventing and treating seasonal an allergic rhinitis?
Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective medication for controlling symptoms of allergic rhinitis (Table 3). Studies have shown that they are more effective than a combination of antihistamine and leukotriene antagonist in treating seasonal allergic rhinitis.
What is the first line of treatment for allergic rhinitis?
Allergen avoidance. The first-line treatment of allergic rhinitis involves the avoidance of relevant allergens ( e.g., house dust mites, moulds, pets, pollens) and irritants (e.g., tobacco smoke).
What are the different types of rhinitis?
Rhinitis is classified into one of the following categories according to etiology: IgE-mediated (allergic), autonomic, infectious and idiopathic (unknown). Although the focus of this article is allergic rhinitis, a brief description of the other forms of rhinitis is provided in Table 1. Table 1.
How long does immunotherapy last?
Evidence suggests that at least 3 years of allergen-specific immunotherapy provides beneficial effects in patients with allergic rhinitis that can persist for several years after discontinuation of therapy [44, 45]. In Canada, most allergists consider stopping immunotherapy after 5 years of adequate treatment.
How many people have allergic rhinitis?
It is a common disorder that affects up to 40% of the population [1]. Allergic rhinitis is the most common type of chronic rhinitis, affecting 10–20% of the population, and evidence suggests that the prevalence of the disorder is increasing [2]. Severe allergic rhinitis has been associated with significant impairments in quality of life, ...
What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
The classic symptoms of the disorder are nasal congestion, nasal itch, rhinorrhea and sneezing. A thorough history, physical examination and allergen skin testing are important for establishing the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. ...
How long does it take for corticosteroids to work?
Ideally, intranasal corticosteroids are best started just prior to exposure to relevant allergens and, because their peak effect may take several days to develop, they should be used regularly [4]. The most common side effects of intranasal corticosteroids are nasal irritation and stinging.
What is the best way to test for rhinitis?
Skin-prick testing is considered the primary method for identifying specific allergic triggers of rhinitis. Skin prick testing involves placing a drop of a commercial extract of a specific allergen on the skin of the forearms or back, then pricking the skin through the drop to introduce the extract into the epidermis.
What is the best treatment for allergic rhinitis?
The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance (whenever possible), pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis and their sensory attributes are important in patient compliance.
What is allergic rhinitis?
Abstract. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms–rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can also be associated with co-morbid conditions as Asthma, ...
What is the name of the disorder of the nose caused by an allergen?
Allergic Rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure due to an IgE-mediated inflammation of membranes lining the nose. It is clinically defined as a symptomatic condition with four major symptoms as anterior or posterior rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal itching & nasal congestion.
Can asthma cause wheezing?
Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Coexistence. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli; causing symptoms of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
Why are nasal challenge tests useful?
Nasal challenge tests with allergens are commonly used in research. They may be useful, especially in the diagnosis of occupational rhinitis.
Is allergic rhinitis a global health problem?
AR is a global health problem also with considerable economic & societal burdens. About 40 % of the world’s population is atopic, and allergic rhinitis is the commonest of preservation of this atopic tendency. The reported incidence of allergic rhinitis in the western countries is 1.4–39.7 %.
Can rhinitis be controlled with anticholinergics?
Allergy is a less common cause of persistent rhinitis in subjects over 65 years. Atrophic rhinitis is common and difficult to control. Rhinorrhoea can be controlled with anticholinergics. Some drugs (reserpine, guanethidine, phentolamine, methyldopa, prazosin, chlorpromazine or ACE inhibitors) can cause rhinitis.