What is the ordinary/extraordinary distinction in health care?
Lately, insurance providers have used the ordinary/extraordinary distinction to determine which treatments they need to cover and which do not constitute “basic care.” The key to both of these arguments is the focus on categorizing types of treatment.
What is considered extraordinary medical treatment?
extraordinary- "all medicines, treatments, and operation, which cannot be obtained or used without excessive expense, pain, or other inconvenience, or which if used would not offer a reasonable hope of benefit The distinction between medically ordinary and morally extraordinary treatment implies that
Is a blood transfusion an example of extraordinary care?
Even though a blood transfusion is the usual treatment for severe anemia, the decision is made not to give it. Answer: Extraordinary care: This is an example of a treatment that is ordinary care in most instances but becomes extraordinary care due to the circumstances of the particular case.
What is the difference between medically ordinary and morally extraordinary treatment?
The distinction between medically ordinary and morally extraordinary treatment implies that decisions about medical treatment are not made (and should not be made) on medical grounds alone. Explain.
What is the difference between ordinary and extraordinary treatment quizlet?
what is the difference between ordinary and extraordinary care? ordinary care is what doctors would usually be expected to provide; extraordinary care is not always appropriate and might be painful and unnecessary sometimes.
What does Gutmann mean by a principle of equal access and how is it different from a principle of equality of results?
Gutmann defines equal access as the random choosing of sick adults who provide their consent for experiments. She claims that because all people would have equal access that does not mean that they would have equivalent results. Some may require more health care to reach the same level of health.
What is a transfer payment ethics quizlet?
a transfer of money, through taxation, from one group to another through dispersal of cash benefits only.
What do abortion opponents who believe that a human embryo is a person believe about human cloning for scientific research quizlet?
What do abortion opponents who believe that a human embryo is a person believe about human cloning for scientific research? It is immoral, as a human life is being destroyed.
What is the difference principle and why did Rawls think it important?
John Rawls' alternative distributive principle, which he calls the Difference Principle, is examined next. The Difference Principle permits diverging from strict equality so long as the inequalities in question would make the least advantaged in society materially better off than they would be under strict equality.
What is the difference principle according to Rawls?
In A Theory of Justice John Rawls provides a theory of social distribution based on two principles. The Difference Principle is the second principle which states that any inequality that is permitted in society should only be permitted on the basis that it benefits the least favoured in society.
What is ethical absolutism quizlet?
An ethical absolute is a moral command or prohibition that is true for all time, in all places and in all situations.
Which of the following best characterizes an anthropocentric environmental ethics?
Which of the following best characterizes an "anthropocentric" environmental ethics? A regard for the environment only as it affects the economics of the human community and their well-being.
When providing loan guarantees for business the government actually transfers the money to the business?
When providing loan guarantees for business, the government actually transfers the money to the business. The monetary policy set the Federal Reserve System is completely independent of the influence of other branches of goverrnnent.
What do you think are the ethical considerations to be considered in stem cell treatment?
Current ethical controversies regarding stem cell-based therapy are focused on the unlimited differentiation potential of iPSCs which can be used in human cloning, as a risk for generation of human embryos and human-animal chimeras.
What are the ethical issues with embryonic stem cells?
However, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is ethically and politically controversial because it involves the destruction of human embryos. In the United States, the question of when human life begins has been highly controversial and closely linked to debates over abortion.
Why are people against cloning quizlet?
A main ethical objection to therapeutic cloning is that, because when you extract stem cells from a human embryo the embryo is then destroyed, and because a human embryo has a right to life (in some people's opinion), therapeutic cloning is not ethical and these people are against it.
What is the power of surrogate decision making?
The surrogate decision-making has the power to act on this right for the patient, as long as there is reason to believe that the surrogate is making decisions ...
Is there a distinction between treatment in categories?
Legally no distinction between treatment in categories is recognized with regard to the right to refuse treatment. However, some see a moral difference and refusal of ordinary treatment maybe a sign that a surrogate is not acting in good faith.
What is the Catholic teaching on ordinary and extraordinary means?
The natural law and the Fifth Commandment* requires that all ordinary means be used to preserve life, such as food, water, exercise, and medical care.
What does the Catholic Church say about discontinuing medical procedures?
Discontinuing medical procedures that are burdensome, dangerous, extraordinary, or disproportionate to the expected outcome can be legitimate; it is the refusal of "over-zealous" treatment. Here one does not will to cause death; one's inability to impede it is merely accepted.
What was the issue with Terri Schiavo?
The court-ordered starvation and dehydration of Terri Schiavo in 2005 raised a number of issues—moral, legal and constitutional, about the right to life and the so-called right to die. Most coverage of the case focused on the question of her guardian's right to decide according to her alleged wishes and the due process of the judicial proceedings.
What is an advance directive?
The best way is by means of an Advance Directive which states the patients wishes with respect to aggressive medical treatment. There are two basic kinds, a Living Will by itself or an Advance Directive together with a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions (or Health Care Proxy).
What is implicit corollary?
The implicit corollary is that one must save life, one's own and others by reasonable care (not driving too fast, not taking drugs, seeing a doctor if home care cannot effect a cure of sickness, etc.). (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church 2268-2269). Q.
Is there a moral obligation to provide nutrition and hydration?
So, for example, in the last hours, even days, of a cancer patient's life, or if a sick person's body is no longer able to process food and water , there is no moral obligation to provide nutrition and hydration.
Is a power of attorney necessary for health care decisions?
Since general provisions for the end-of-life cannot foresee all circumstances, the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care Decisions, or Health Care Proxy, is also necessary.
Abstract
The distinction between ordinary and extraordinary treatment has a long history. Since it was first proposed and discussed in the medieval period, it has formed part of medical ethics, even as that discourse, and the landscape it comments on, has radically changed and developed.
About this chapter
Kearns A.J., Emmerich N., Gordijn B. (2020) The Distinction between Ordinary and Extraordinary Treatment: Can It Be Maintained?. In: Emmerich N., Mallia P., Gordijn B., Pistoia F. (eds) Contemporary European Perspectives on the Ethics of End of Life Care. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 136. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40033-0_14
What is an extraordinary item?
Extraordinary Items. Extraordinary items are gains or losses in a company's financial statements that are infrequent and unusual . 1 An item is deemed extraordinary if it is not part of a company’s ordinary, day-to-day operations and it has a material impact on the company.
What is a nonrecurring item?
A nonrecurring item refers to an entry that appears on a company's financial statements that is unlikely to happen again and is considered to be infrequent or unusual. There are many examples of nonrecurring items. These can include litigation charges, charges related to letting workers go, restructuring charges ...
What is the purpose of statement 145?
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) statement No.145 helps stipulate the accounting charges that can rightfully be considered extraordinary.
Does IFRS recognize extraordinary items?
The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) does not recognize extraordinary items, only nonrecurring items. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) makes more of a distinction between the two but this has become less common as the tax advantages of extraordinary items have disappeared.
Is an extraordinary item a one time expense?
It represents a one-time expense involving an unpredictable event. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) does not recognize the concept of an extraordinary item, which has led to the practice of classifying extraordinary items as separate from nonrecurring items to become obsolete.
Is there a difference between extraordinary items and nonrecurring items?
Since 2015, however, the difference between extraordinary items and nonrecurring items is not necessary for some countries due to tax reasons. Extraordinary items received beneficial tax treatment in comparison to non-extraordinary items under GAAP. These tax treatments have vanished, for the most part, making the distinction between extraordinary ...