What are the evidence-based approaches to substance abuse treatment for adolescents?
Here we review recent advances directly testing the use of nutraceuticals in the treatment of adolescent depression. Creatine monohydrate is an organic compound that is often used for ergogenic purposes in order to increase physical performance, but also plays an important role in energy homeostasis, brain function and development .
What are the services provided to adolescent clients directly?
Nov 20, 2014 · Various forms of treatment are available that focus on the acute phase of the disorder. Treatment of adolescent substance abuse tends to be delivered in outpatient settings23 using a variety of therapeutic approaches. Family-focused treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and trauma-informed care are just a few of the …
How long should an adolescent be in treatment for substance abuse?
Apr 26, 2021 · Among adolescents aged 15–19 years old, suicide is the third leading cause of death; in 2016, an estimated 62,000 adolescents died from self-harm [ 5 ]. In 2018, suicide was one of the three leading causes of death in Spain in the 15 to 19 age group: 18.2% traffic accidents, 17.7% tumors, and 17.0% suicide [ 6 ].
What is adolescence?
Research evidence supports the effectiveness of various substance abuse treatment approaches for adolescents. Examples of specific evidence-based approaches are described below, including behavioral and family-based interventions as well as medications. Each approach is designed to address specific aspects of adolescent drug use and its consequences for the individual, …
What is the first line of treatment for depression in adolescents?
Transdiagnostic protocols, delivery of therapy through information and communication technologies, and indicated prevention programs are currently expanding lines of research. In conclusion, the first-line psychological treatments for depression in adolescents are individual CBT and individual IPT.
What is depression in adolescents?
Keywords: adolescents, depression, psychological treatments, qualitative review. Go to: 1. Depression in Adolescence: A Public Health Problem. Depression is a major public health concern; it is the most disabling single disorder, contributing to 7.2% of the overall burden of disease in Europe [ 1 ].
How many trials are there for CBT?
CBT was the most investigated treatment with 22 trials (81%). Research on other treatments is rather scarce, with four trials of family therapy (FT), three of interpersonal therapy (IPT), and a single trial of psychoanalytic therapy (PT).
What is Table 4 of CBT?
Table 4 presents the RCTs that evaluated treatments for depression in adolescents included in the current review.
Is depression a chronic disease?
The course of depression is often chronic, with periods of remission; however, depression in adolescents is also recurrent between 46% and 63% [ 169 ]. Therefore, a relapse prevention component in the acute phase of treatment and booster sessions during the maintenance phase should be encouraged.
Is adolescent depression similar to adult depression?
The authors argued that if adolescent depression is similar to adult depression, then treatment applied to the adult population, adapted to the level of adolescent development, would be effective in overcoming depression in adolescents.
Is depression a public health problem?
Depression is a common and impairing disorder which is a serious public health problem. For some individuals, depression has a chronic course and is recurrent, particularly when its onset is during adolescence.
How to treat eating disorders in adolescents?
The current recommended treatment for adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is Family-Based Therapy . Family-Based Therapy is a manualized treatment that empowers parents to temporarily take control of the eating disorder symptoms. However, literature often discusses the role of parents in treatment, yet the reality is that mothers are often tasked with the difficult role of interrupting symptoms for their adolescent, while fathers remain absent or, at best, a support to the mother. By removing the gender from literature, we are failing to examine ways to better support mothers and engage fathers in family-based treatment. Through the use of case studies and limited literature, this paper will examine how these mothering and fathering expectations surface in treatment, how they may be perpetuated by professionals, and the impact that these gendered expectations may have on mothers and fathers.
What is family based treatment?
Background: Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is the first line of care in paediatric treatment while adult programs focus on individualized models of care. Transition age youth (TAY) with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are in a unique life stage and between systems of care. As such, they and their caregivers may benefit from specialized, developmentally tailored models of treatment. Methods: The primary purpose of this study was to assess if parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation changed in caregivers during the course of FBT-TAY for AN. The secondary aim was to determine if changes in parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation contributed to improvements in eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration in the transition age youth with AN. Twenty-six participants (ages 16-22) and 39 caregivers were recruited. Caregivers completed the Parents versus Anorexia Scale and Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders at baseline, end-of-treatment (EOT), and 3 months follow-up. Results: Unbalanced repeated measures designs for parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation towards illness behaviours were conducted using generalized estimation equations. Parental self-efficacy increased from baseline to EOT, although not significantly (p = .398). Parental self-efficacy significantly increased from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = .002). Caregiver accommodation towards the illness significantly decreased from baseline to EOT (p = 0.0001), but not from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = 1.000). Stepwise ordinary least squares regression estimates of eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration did not show that changes in parental-self efficacy and caregiver accommodation predict eating disorder behaviour or weight restoration at EOT or 3 months post-treatment. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate, albeit preliminary at this stage, that FBT-TAY promotes positive increases in parental self-efficacy and assists caregivers in decreasing their accommodation to illness behaviours for transition age youth with AN. However, changes in the parental factors did not influence changes in eating and weight in the transition age youth.
What is anorexia nervosa? What are the determinants of illness?
The determinants of illness are multi-factorial, however, adolescent AN has been consistently associated with parental distress (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcoholism), family conflict, and low parental warmth toward the adolescent. Whilst Family Based Therapy (FBT) for adolescent AN is the recommended first line of treatment, a substantial proportion of patients do not experience remission by the end of therapy or may relapse following remission. Although a range of adjuncts to FBT have been proposed, no preferred model has emerged. In this paper, we compare and contrast Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) with FBT, and argue that ABFT's focus on relationships, rather than behaviours, could make a substantive contribution to the practice of FBT. We present a case study to demonstrate how ABFT may help to alleviate some of the maintaining factors of adolescent AN through the repair of parent–child relational ruptures.
How long has family therapy been used for eating disorders?
Family therapy has featured in the treatment of adolescent eating disorders for over 40 years, and the evolution of family therapy approaches, through a variety of theoretical lenses, has been significant. For instance, the recent dissemination of family-based treatment has resulted in a growing number of controlled empirical trials which continue to inform and augment treatment outcomes. In addition, a burgeoning number of alternate approaches to family therapy for eating disorders leave clinicians with more clinical considerations in practicing family therapy for eating disorders. In this paper, we aim to review the recent developments in family therapy for adolescent eating disorders, underscoring the impact on clinical practice and the likely implications for future research.
Do primary care clinicians treat eating disorders?
Studies show that primary care clinicians struggle with the assessment and treatment of eating disorders in adults . There are no known studies examining current practices of clinicians with respect to eating disorders in children and adolescents. The following study describes the key practices of primary care clinicians in Ontario, Canada, around the screening, assessment, and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. A 24-item survey was developed to obtain information from family physicians and psychologists about presenting complaints and current practices related to the assessment and treatment of eating disorders. Findings of this study suggest that despite discipline-specific differences, a large proportion of clinicians do not routinely screen for eating disorders, and when eating disorders are assessed and treatment is initiated, family members are not routinely involved in the process. In Ontario, primary care clinicians may benefit from more training and support to better identify and treat children and adolescents with eating disorders. In particular, clinicians may require additional training around screening, multi-informant assessment methods, as well as appropriate therapy techniques.
Is family based treatment effective?
Empiric research supports that family-based treatment (FBT) is an effective treatment for adolescents with eating disorders. This review outlines the role of the pediatrician in FBT for adolescent eating disorders, specifically focusing on how pediatric care changes during treatment, and discusses current challenges and misconceptions regarding FBT. Although FBT introduces unique challenges to pediatricians trained in earlier eating disorder treatment approaches, effective support of the approach by pediatricians is critical to its success.
What are the characteristics of adolescent development?
135. Developmentally, adolescents have a drive for independence, an inclination for risk-taking, and a feeling of indestructibility. These traits increase the risk for injury. If one develops problems in the water, the buddy can secure help.
Why should a nurse explain to adolescent girls that pregnancy at this age results in low birth weight
The nurse should explain to the adolescent girls that pregnancy at this age results in low birth weight infants. Infants born to adolescent mothers are at increased risk of prematurity and increased risk of exposure to alcohol and drugs. Pregnant adolescents are less likely to seek out prenatal care.
What is the fourth period of Piaget's theory?
In the formal operation period, the fourth period of Piaget's theory, the adolescent feels a sense of invulnerability. This leads to risk-taking behaviors. In the sensorimotor period, the first period of Piaget's theory, the infant develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with the environment.
How long should adolescents stay pregnant after bariatric surgery?
The adolescent should agree to avoid pregnancy for 1 year postoperatively.
How many adolescents have used alcohol in high school?
Current statistics show that by the end of their high school years, 85% of adolescents have used alcohol. Arrange the events of an examination of a rape victim for a sexually transmitted infection in correct order. 1. Repetition of serologic tests for syphilis and HIV infection.
What is the difference between middle and early adolescence?
Early adolescence is characterized primarily by the changes of puberty. Middle adolescence is characterized by changes in dressing and dominant peer orientation. A school nurse is planning a class on injury prevention for a group of high school students.
When does pubertal growth peak?
The pubertal growth spurt reaches peak during 12 years in females. The middle adolescent period occurs at 15 to 17 years shows a slowdown in growth.