An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use and is suspected to be related to the drug. An ADR will usually require the drug to be discontinued or the dose reduced.
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What are the terms commonly used to describe adverse effects of drugs?
There are several terms commonly used to describe adverse effects of drug therapy: 1 An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following... 2 An adverse event is harm that occurs while a patient is taking a drug,... 3 A side-effect is any effect caused by a drug other than the intended therapeutic effect,...
What is meant by drug action?
Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each rectal administration Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum pharmacology Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs
What are the factors that prevent the use of medications?
Factor in the patient's condition that prevents the use of a drug or treatment benzodiazepine Drug that acts as a sedative bactericidal Pertaining to killing microorganisms anticonvulsant Drug that prevents abnormal brain activity bronchodilator Drug that opens airways aerosol Particles of drug suspended in air syringe
What is a type a reaction in pharmacology?
Type A reactions – sometimes referred to as augmented reactions – which are ‘dose-dependent’ and predictable on the basis of the pharmacology of the drug Type B reactions – bizarre reactions – which are idiosyncratic and not predictable on the basis of the pharmacology.8
What is an unwanted reaction to a drug?
Unwanted or Unexpected Drug Reactions Side effects, also known as adverse reactions, are unwanted undesirable effects that are possibly related to a drug. Side effects can vary from minor problems like a runny nose to life-threatening events, such as a heart attack or liver damage.
What are examples of adverse effects?
Examples of such adverse drug reactions include rashes, jaundice, anemia, a decrease in the white blood cell count, kidney damage, and nerve injury that may impair vision or hearing. These reactions tend to be more serious but typically occur in a very small number of people.
What are the side effects of drug?
Some common examples mild adverse effects related to drugs include:Constipation.Skin rash or dermatitis.Diarrhea.Dizziness.Drowsiness.Dry mouth.Headache.Insomnia.More items...
What are the 6 types of adverse drug reactions?
Adverse drug reactions are classified into six types (with mnemonics): dose-related (Augmented), non-dose-related (Bizarre), dose-related and time-related (Chronic), time-related (Delayed), withdrawal (End of use), and failure of therapy (Failure).
What are the 4 types of adverse drug reaction?
Like Vervloet et al, it is unclear where it comes from.Expected reactions: Extensions of therapeutic effect. Undesirable side-effects. Interactions with other drugs.Unexpected reactions: anaphylaxis. allergic reactions. prescription error. administration errors.
What is adverse effect vs side effect?
Adverse events are unintended pharmacologic effects that occur when a medication is administered correctly while a side effect is a secondary unwanted effect that occurs due to drug therapy. It is a common misconception that adverse events and side effects are the same thing.
What are side effects react?
What are side effects in React? Side effects are not predictable because they are actions which are performed with the "outside world." We perform a side effect when we need to reach outside of our React components to do something. Performing a side effect, however, will not give us a predictable result.
What are the 3 types of drug interactions?
Drug interactions can be categorised into 3 groups:Interactions of drugs with other drugs (drug-drug interactions),Drugs with food (drug-food interactions)Drug with disease condition (drug-disease interactions).
What are the most common adverse effects?
The ten most common ADRs were constipation, nausea +/- vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, drowsiness, myelosuppression, skin reactions, anorexia, mucositis and diarrhoea. These ADRs have high-documented incidence rates and were also the ten most predictable ADRs in this study.
Which of the following is unpredictable adverse drug reaction?
Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are a heterogeneous group of adverse effects that are not predictable from the pharmacological actions of the drug. Many of these reactions occur as a consequence of pharmacogenetic variations in drug bioactivation and drug or metabolite detoxification or clearance.
What are two types of drug reaction?
Types of Drug Reactions & HivesHives. The most common type of drug reaction is hives, also known as urticaria. ... Morbilliform Drug Eruption. ... Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms. ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
Unwanted effects and adverse drug reactions
As drugs are intended to relieve suffering, patients find it peculiarly offensive that they can also cause disease (especially if they are not forewarned). Therefore, it is important to know how much disease drugs do cause and why they cause it, so that preventive measures can be taken. The chapter will examine:
Background
Nature is neutral, i.e. it has no ‘intentions’ towards humans, though it is often unfavourable to them. It is humans, in their desire to avoid suffering and death, who decide that some of the biological effects of drugs are desirable (therapeutic) and others undesirable (adverse).
Definitions
Many unwanted effects of drugs are medically trivial and, in order to avoid inflating the figures of drug-induced disease, it is convenient to retain the widely-used term side-effects for minor reactions that occur at normal therapeutic doses, and that are predictable and usually dose related.
Attribution and degrees of certainty
When an unexpected event, for which there is no obvious cause, occurs in a patient already taking a drug, the possibility that it is drug attributable must always be considered. Distinguishing between natural progression of a disease and drug-induced deterioration is particularly challenging, e.g.
Sources of adverse drug reactions
The reasons why patients experience ADRs are varied and numerous, but reflection on the following may help a prescriber to anticipate and avoid unwelcome events: