What kind of treatment plan is available for diabetes?
Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, frequent blood sugar checks, and carbohydrate counting. Treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily involves lifestyle changes, monitoring of your blood sugar, along with diabetes medications, insulin or both.
What are 5 main treatment options for type 2 diabetes?
TreatmentHealthy eating.Regular exercise.Weight loss.Possibly, diabetes medication or insulin therapy.Blood sugar monitoring.
What is the best treatment for diabetes?
Metformin is generally the preferred initial medication for treating type 2 diabetes unless there's a specific reason not to use it. Metformin is effective, safe, and inexpensive. It may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Metformin also has beneficial effects when it comes to reducing A1C results.
What are the treatments or life style modification of someone with diabetes?
Eat healthy. Focus on eating only as much as your body needs. Get plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Choose nonfat dairy and lean meats. Limit foods that are high in sugar and fat.
What is the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes?
Metformin is a tried and tested medicine that has been used for many decades to treat type 2 diabetes, and is recommended by most experts as first-line therapy. It is affordable, safe, effective, and well tolerated by most people.
What are the goals of treatment for type 2 diabetes in this patient?
Goals Of Diabetes TreatmentTo keep the blood sugar as normal as possible without serious high or low blood sugars.To prevent tissue damage caused by too much sugar in the blood stream.
What is the best treatment for diabetes type 1?
People who have type 1 diabetes must take insulin as part of their treatment. Because their bodies can't make insulin anymore, they need to get the right amount to keep their blood sugar levels in a healthy range. The only way to get insulin into the body now is by injection with a needle or with an insulin pump.
What is lifestyle modification?
Definition. Lifestyle modification involves altering long-term habits, typically of eating or physical activity, and maintaining the new behaviour for months or years. Lifestyle modification can be used to treat a range of diseases, including obesity.
Why can you manage type 2 diabetes with diet and lifestyle change?
Low carbohydrate diets are also low glycaemic-index diets because carbohydrates (starch) convert to glucose, raising blood glucose levels. Carbohydrate reduction eliminated or reduced the need for glucose-reducing medication in moti- vated subjects, leading to the conclusion lifestyle change improves type 2 diabetes.
CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND SCREENING
In 1997, the ADA issued new diagnostic and classification criteria ( 3 ). The classification of diabetes mellitus includes four clinical classes:
INITIAL EVALUATION
A complete medical evaluation should be performed to classify the patient, detect the presence or absence of diabetes complications, assist in formulating a management plan, and provide a basis for continuing care.
MANAGEMENT
People with diabetes should receive medical care from a physician-coordinated team. Such teams may include, but are not limited to, physicians, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, and mental health professionals with expertise and a special interest in diabetes.
ASSESSMENT OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Techniques are available for health providers and patients to assess the effectiveness of the management plan on glycemic control.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
ADA technical reviews on exercise in patients with diabetes have summarized the value of exercise in the diabetes management plan ( 30, 31 ). Regular exercise has been shown to improve blood glucose control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, contribute to weight loss, and improve well-being.
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
CVD is the major cause of mortality for persons with diabetes. It is also a major contributor to morbidity and direct and indirect costs of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for macrovascular disease, and its common coexisting conditions (e.g., hypertension and dyslipidemia) are also risk factors.
Recommendations
Blood pressure should be measured at every routine diabetes visit. Patients found to have systolic blood pressure ≥130 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg should have blood pressure confirmed on a separate day. (E)
What is the goal of diabetes management?
The goal of diabetes management is to normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to prevent or reduce the development of complications that are neuropathic and vascular in nature. Glucose control and management can dramatically reduce the development and progression of complications.
What is the goal of nursing care for diabetic patients?
Nursing care planning goals for patients with diabetes include effective treatment to normalize blood glucose levels and decrease complications using insulin replacement, balanced diet, and exercise. The nurse should stress the importance of complying with the prescribed treatment program through effective education of the patient. Tailor your teaching to the patient’s needs, abilities, and developmental stage. Stress the effect of blood glucose control on long-term health.
What is DM in medical terms?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin in the pancreas or when the body cannot efficiently use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the bloodstream ( hyperglycemia ).
What are the risks of blood glucose control?
Here are 17 nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnoses for diabetes mellitus (DM): Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose. Deficient Knowledge. Risk for Infection. Risk for Disturbed Sensory Perception. Powerlessness.
Why is weight loss important for diabetics?
Weight loss is an important factor in the treatment of diabetes. Weight loss of around 5-10% of the total body weight can reduce or eliminate the need for medications and significantly improve blood glucose levels. 14.
Which sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas?
Sulfonylureas: glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (DiaBeta), glimepiride (Amaryl)#N #Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas, used mostly in type 2 diabetes to control blood glucose levels. They also enhance cell receptor sensitivity to insulin and decrease the liver synthesis of glucose from amino acids and stored glycogen.
How much weight loss is needed for diabetes?
Weight loss is an important factor in the treatment of diabetes. Weight loss of around 5-10% of the total body weight can reduce or eliminate the need for medications and significantly improve blood glucose levels.
Diabetes Care Concepts
In the following sections, different components of the clinical management of patients with (or at risk for) diabetes are reviewed. Clinical practice guidelines are key to improving population health; however, for optimal outcomes, diabetes care must be individualized for each patient.
Care Delivery Systems
There has been steady improvement in the proportion of patients with diabetes treated with statins and achieving recommended levels of A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in the last 10 years ( 2 ).
When Treatment Goals are not Met
In general, providers should seek evidence-based approaches that improve the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with diabetes. Recent reviews of quality improvement strategies in diabetes care ( 24, 35, 36) have not identified a particular approach that is more effective than others.
Tailoring Treatment to Vulnerable Populations
The causes of health disparities are complex and include societal issues such as institutional racism, discrimination, socioeconomic status, poor access to health care, and lack of health insurance. Disparities are particularly well documented for cardiovascular disease.
Why is insulin administration less important in the treatment of HHS?
Insulin administration plays a less important role in the treatment of HHS because it is not needed for reversal of acidosis, as in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). 16.A nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home tomorrow.
What is the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes?
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes include symptoms of diabetes plus random plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, or a fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL. 3.A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is attending a nutrition class.
How long does it take for insulin to peak?
Regular insulin (a short-acting insulin) peaks in 2 to 3 hours, and NPH (an intermediate-acting insulin) peaks in 4 to 10 hours. Hypoglycemia would most likely occur between 9 am and 5 pm (0900 to 1700 hours). Glipizide (Glucotrol) 10 mg bid PO has been ordered for an adult client with type 2 diabetes.
How does Alpha Glucosidase inhibitor work?
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors work by delaying the absorption of glucose in the intestinal system, resulting in a lower postprandial blood glucose level. 7.A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of patients with type 1 diabetes about sick day rules.
How often should a nurse test for ketones?
The nurse should emphasize that the patient should take insulin agents as usual and test ones blood sugar and urine ketones every 3 to 4 hours. In fact, insulin-requiring patients may need supplemental doses of regular insulin every 3 to 4 hours.
What is HHS in nursing?
22.A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse is educating the patient about self-administration of insulin in the home setting.
When should a home care nurse perform an initial assessment?
While consulting a home care nurse is beneficial, an initial assessment should be performed during the hospitalization or office visit. Nurses should directly observe the patient performing the skills such as insulin preparation and infection, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care.