What impact do the three issues have on a female offenders transition?
These three issues have a major impact on a female offenders transition to the community, in terms of both programming needs and the success of reentry. Historically, these three issues have been treated separately, even though they are generally linked in the lives of women in the system.
Why are so many women in the criminal justice system?
The majority of women in the criminal justice system are mothers whose families may be caring for their children. These women are at risk of losing their children, and they often do so during their incarceration. These female offenders have often lost family members and/or experienced abuse in family or other relationships.
Why gender-specific treatment for female offenders is important?
As criminal justice researchers and practitioners begin to acknowledge the interrelationship between multiple issues in the lives of female offenders, the need becomes evident for gender-specific treatment programming that is comprehensive and integrated.
Is there a gender-responsive intervention for women in the criminal justice system?
There is a lack of gender-responsive intervention for women in the criminal justice system who suffer from the closely linked issues of mental health, substance abuse and trauma; the limited programming that is available is based on program models developed for males. A longitudinal study conducted by Gil-Rivas et al. determined:
Which of the following would be inaccurate regarding gender inequality and processing of the female delinquent?
Which of the following would be inaccurate regarding gender inequality and processing of the female delinquent? Girls are less likely to be detained and they're held for shorter periods than boys.
Which of the following is atypical of a female juvenile offender quizlet?
Which of the following is atypical of a female juvenile offender? She has a history of healthy relationships with her parents, especially her father. Which of the following theories explain why offenders who experience stresses from high aspirations and lack of opportunities may commit crimes? General strain theory.
Which of the following choices is one of the reasons for female delinquency according to Chesney Lind?
Which of the following choices is one of the reasons for female delinquency according to Chesney-Lind? As girls run away from abusive homes characterized by sexual abuse and parental neglect, they are forced into the life of an escaped prisoner.
What are the main explanations of female delinquency?
The theory follows that when this protective bond is weakened by instability, violence, sexual abuse, and/or lack of parental supervision, girls may engage in more risk-taking behaviors, which in turn may lead to delinquency.
Which of the following would be accurate regarding the risk confronted by lower class adolescent females compared to middle and upper class adolescent females?
Which of the following would be accurate regarding the risks confronted by lower-class adolescent females, compared to middle and upper class adolescent females? Lower-class females are more likely to attend college. Which of the following is atypical of a female juvenile offender?
Which of the following theories suggests that when daughters are freed from patriarchal family relations they become delinquent more frequently?
Which of the following theories suggests that when daughters are freed from patriarchal family relations they become delinquent more frequently? According to the differential association theory criminals and youthful offenders learn crime from others.
What are the main explanations of female delinquency quizlet?
2. Female delinquency goes unreported, because the female is the instigator rather than the perpetrator. 3. The chivalry hypothesis holds that gender differences in the delinquency rate can be explained by the fact that female criminality is overlooked or forgiven by male agents of the juvenile justice system.
What causes female juvenile delinquency?
For girls, the key risk factors for delinquency and incarceration are family dysfunction, trauma and sexual abuse, mental health and substance abuse problems, high-risk sexual behaviors, school problems, and affiliation with deviant peers (Hubbard and Pratt, 2002; Lederman et al., 2004).
Which of the following best describes Lombroso's view of female criminality?
Which of the following best describes Lombroso's view of female criminality? In appearance, delinquent females appeared closer to men than other women. According to Bem's ____________, our culture polarizes males and females by forcing them to obey mutually exclusive gender roles, or "scripts".
In what ways are females treated differently in the juvenile justice system?
The involvement of females with crime and the juvenile justice system is very different than that of males. Girls commit fewer offenses, they commit less serious offenses, they are treated differently by justice officials, and they are typically easier to rehabilitate.
What is known about the juvenile justice system's treatment of girls quizlet?
What is known about the juvenile justice system's treatment of girls? Girls are more likely to be detained for status offenses.
How do male and female delinquent differ from each other?
Juvenile delinquent males are typically viewed as cool by their peers, whereas juvenile delinquent females are not necessarily seen this way. Furthermore, delinquent behavior tends to have longer lasting consequences for females than males, especially those who are mothers.
What led women to desist from crime, depending on the class and race of the women being studied?
Quality marriages led women to desist from crime, depending on the class and race of the women being studied.
Is emotional bonding to families negatively related to the learning of violent definitions for girls but not for boys?
According to the differential association theory, emotional bonds to families are negatively related to the learning of violent definitions for girls but not for boys.
Do girls in gangs have more sexual victimization?
Girls suspected of gang activity are no more likely than boys in gangs to have experienced sexual victimization.
Does delinquency increase with unfavorable factors?
The rate of delinquency appears to increase with the number of unfavorable factors in the home.
What led women to desist from crime, depending on the class and race of the women being studied?
Quality marriages led women to desist from crime, depending on the class and race of the women being studied.
What is the right of a girl to express herself?
Girls have the right to express themselves with originality and enthusiasm.
Do boys become involved in crime?
Boys, more than girls, tend to become involved in crime when measured by conviction experience.
How to reintegrate women after jail?
If women are to be successfully reintegrated back into the community after serving their sentences, there must be a continuum of care that can connect them to a community following their release. In addition, the planning process must begin as soon as the woman begins serving her sentence, not conducted in just the final 30 to 60 days. There is often no pre-release planning of any kind in prisons and jails. Women reentering the community after incarceration require transitional services from the institution to help them reestablish themselves and their families. They also need transitional services from community corrections and supervision to assist them as they begin living on their own again.
Why are women at greater risk for domestic violence?
Because of their gender, women are also at greater risk for experiences such as sexual abuse, sexual assault, and domestic violence. Among women, the most common pathways to crime are based on survival (of abuse and poverty) and substance abuse.
How to design system wide that match the specific strengths and needs of the women?
In order to design system-wide that match the specific strengths and needs of the women, it is important to consider the demographics and history of the female offender population, as well as how various life factors impact womens patterns of offending . A basic principle of clinical work is to know who the client is and what she brings into the treatment setting. [I]f programming is to be effective, it must ... take the context of womens lives into account (Abbott and Kerr 1995).
What is the motivation of women?
A womans primary motivation, said Miller, is to build a sense of connection with others. Women develop a sense of self and self-worth when their actions arise out of, and lead back into, connections with others. Connection, not separation, is the guiding principle of growth for women.
What are the psychological outcomes of mutual, empathic, and empowering relationships?
Mutual, empathic, and empowering relationships produce five psychological outcomes. Participants in these relationships gain: (1) increased zest and vitality, (2) empowerment to act, (3) knowledge of self and others, (4) self-worth, and (5) a desire for more connection (Miller 1986).
How do gender differences affect mental health?
Gender differences exist in the behavioral manifestations of mental illness, with men generally turning their anger outward, while women turn it inward. Men tend to be more physically and sexually threatening and assaultive, while women tend to be more depressed, self-abusive, and suicidal. Women engage more often in self-mutilating behaviors, such as cutting, as well as verbally abusive and disruptive behaviors.
Why is it important to understand gender differences?
Women are often invisible in the many facets of the correctional system. This invisibility can act as a form of oppression.
How can criminologists reduce crime?
Strategies suggested by criminologists to reduce crime include (a) reducing poverty and improving neighborhood living conditions, (b) changing male socialization patterns, (c) expanding early childhood intervention programs, (d) improving schools and schooling, and (e) reducing the use of incarceration for drug and property offenders.
How has the US been using the get tough approach to reduce crime?
The text suggests the get-tough approach that the United States has been using to reduce crime has not worked in a cost-effective manner and has led to other problems, including a flood of inmates returning to their communities every year. In fighting crime, the United States has much to learn from Western Europe. In contrast to the US get-tough approach, Western European nations tend to use a public health model that comprises two components. The first is a focus on crime prevention that uses early childhood intervention programs and other preventive measures to address the roots of crime and other childhood and family problems. The second is a criminal justice policy that involves sentencing defendants and treating prisoners in a manner more likely to rehabilitate offenders and reduce their repeat offending than the more punitive approach in the United States.
Why is white collar crime so common?
One reason white-collar crime is so common is that the laws against it are weakly enforced; more consistent enforcement of these laws should help reduce white-collar crime, as would the greater use of imprisonment for convicted white-collar criminals (Rosoff et al., 2010).
What is public health approach?
In the areas of health and medicine, a public health approach tries to treat people who are already ill, but it especially focuses on preventing disease and illness before they begin.
Do three strikes reduce crime?
Sufficient time since the first three strikes laws were passed has elapsed to enable criminologists to assess whether they have, in fact, reduced crime. Studies of this issue find that three strikes laws do not reduce serious crime and, in fact, may even increase the number of homicides.
Contents
Introduction
Profile of Women in The Criminal Justice System
Risk, Need, and Level of Burden
Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Trauma
- In looking at the profile of women in the system, the differences between women and men, and the concept of level of burden, three critical and inter-related issues in womens lives can be seen: mental health, substance abuse, and trauma. These three issues have a major impact on a female offenders transition to the community, in terms of both progr...
Plan For Reentry from The Beginning
Gender-Responsive Models
Recommendations
Conclusion
References