What is the design design of evaluation?
Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse? It has been difficult to precisely define treatment success Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance-related disorders because:
What is the process of preparing a clear design for evaluation?
Alcohol consumption promotes, irritates, and inflames bladder infections, as well as nullifies the effects of antibiotics. Alcohol consumption has been identified as contributing to autonomic hyperreflexia, a nervous system reaction that leads to a rapid and sometimes fatal rise in blood pressure. Some persons with mobility impairments experience difficulties with balance--even …
Can alternating treatments design be used to study behavior?
Which of the following have been identified as components of stress hardiness? a. optimism ... In evaluating response to treatment, these clinicians are likely to use the. ... emotion-focused and problem-focused. A treatment is considered effective if.
Which behavior is introduced sequentially in a treatment program?
Mrs. Bauer is normally a very happy person, but she recently learned her son had a chronic illness and has been somewhat gloomy and pessimistic. This behavior is typical of a personality ____. ... designing a treatment intervention using reinforcement, and then evaluating the effect of the treatment relative to a baseline, is based on ...
Which of the following problems is a possible medical complication of anorexia nervosa?
Anorexia can impact the heart and blood vessels in a few different ways [2]. One of the most common ways is that people may develop an abnormally low heart rate or blood pressure. This can lead to serious medical problems, including heart failure or sudden death due to irregular heartbeats [2].Jun 2, 2021
Which psychological problem is often associated with anorexia nervosa?
In addition to the host of physical complications, people with anorexia also commonly have other mental health disorders as well. They may include: Depression, anxiety and other mood disorders. Personality disorders.Feb 20, 2018
Which characteristic is very common in individuals with anorexia?
People who suffer from anorexia nervosa tend to have high levels of harm avoidance, a personality trait characterized by worrying, pessimism, and shyness, and low levels of novelty seeking, which includes impulsivity and preferring new or novel things (Fassino et al., 2002).
Which of the following is the first step in treatment of anorexia nervosa?
The first goal of treatment is getting back to a healthy weight. You can't recover from anorexia without returning to a healthy weight and learning proper nutrition. Those involved in this process may include: Your primary care doctor, who can provide medical care and supervise your calorie needs and weight gain.Feb 20, 2018
Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
The typical characteristics of a person with anorexia nervosa include: Low body mass index (<17.5 kg/m2) Bodyweight less than 85 percent of ideal body weight. Body temperature less than 35-degree Celcius.Sep 18, 2020
What other disorders might occur with anorexia nervosa?
Borderline, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant personality disorders are some of the most common types of personality disorders diagnosed in people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder.Oct 16, 2020
What specialists are likely to be involved in treating a person with anorexia?
Who are the Professionals who Treat Eating Disorders? -- The Therapeutic Treatment TeamGPs and Local Doctors.Pediatricians.Psychologists.Psychiatrists.Dietitians.Nutritionists.Social Workers.Occupational Therapists & Rehabilitation Therapists.More items...
What is the most effective treatment of anorexia?
Maudsley family-based therapy is the most established treatment for youth with anorexia nervosa and may be efficacious for youth with bulimia nervosa.
What is the most successful treatment for anorexia?
No single therapy method was most effective for adults with anorexia nervosa. However, many people with anorexia do see an improvement with therapy. CBT and IPT are the most established treatments for binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa.Nov 23, 2020
How is the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa determined?
Although there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose anorexia, a healthcare provider may use various diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, to rule out any medical conditions that could cause weight loss and to evaluate the physical damage weight loss and starvation may have caused.Nov 17, 2021
What is evaluation design?
Design refers to how the evaluation's questions, methods, and overall processes are constructed. As discussed in the third step of this framework (focusing the evaluation design), the evaluation should be organized from the start to achieve specific agreed-upon uses. Having a clear purpose that is focused on the use of what is learned helps those who will carry out the evaluation to know who will do what with the findings. Furthermore, the process of creating a clear design will highlight ways that stakeholders, through their many contributions, can improve the evaluation and facilitate the use of the results.
What are the three types of evaluation methods?
Three types of methods are commonly recognized. They are experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational or case study designs. Experimental designs use random assignment to compare the effect of an intervention between otherwise equivalent groups (for example, comparing a randomly assigned group of students who took part in an after-school reading program with those who didn't). Quasi-experimental methods make comparisons between groups that aren't equal (e.g. program participants vs. those on a waiting list) or use of comparisons within a group over time, such as in an interrupted time series in which the intervention may be introduced sequentially across different individuals, groups, or contexts. Observational or case study methods use comparisons within a group to describe and explain what happens (e.g., comparative case studies with multiple communities).
What is program evaluation?
Program evaluation offers a way to understand and improve community health and development practice using methods that are useful, feasible, proper, and accurate. The framework described below is a practical non-prescriptive tool that summarizes in a logical order the important elements of program evaluation.
What is the second part of the evaluation framework?
The second part of the framework is a basic set of standards to assess the quality of evaluation activities. There are 30 specific standards, organized into the following four groups:
Why do communities come together?
Communities come together to reduce the level of violence that exists, to work for safe, affordable housing for everyone, or to help more students do well in school, to give just a few examples.
What is the purpose of a training program?
Training programs (e.g., a job training program to reduce unemployment in urban neighborhoods) Administrative systems (e.g., an incentive program to improve efficiency of health services) Program evaluation - the type of evaluation discussed in this section - is an essential organizational practice for all types of community health ...
Why are standards important?
Standards reflect the values held by stakeholders about the program. They provide the basis to make program judgments. The use of explicit standards for judgment is fundamental to sound evaluation. In practice, when stakeholders articulate and negotiate their values, these become the standards to judge whether a given program's performance will, for instance, be considered "successful," "adequate," or "unsuccessful."
What are the three main categories of functional assessment?
There are three main categories of functional assessment approaches—indirect (e.g., questionnaires, rating scales), observational, and experimental/functional analysis . Gathering information about the conditions surrounding the behavior, asking relevant individuals questions about the behavior are initial steps.
What is indirect functional assessment?
An indirect functional assessment is a procedure in which information about the challenging behavior is gathered from persons who are closest to the individual, such as parent (s), teachers, service providers, and aides. Rating scales, questionnaires, and interviews are used to gather information on potential factors that contribute to the individual’s challenging behavior (e.g., O’Neill et al., 1997). One example of an indirect assessment method is the Functional Analysis Screening Tool (FAST). The FAST is a 16-item questionnaire that can be administered to individuals who know the person with challenging behavior well to identify antecedents and consequences correlated with the behavior (Iwata, DeLeon, & Roscoe, 2013).
How many data points are collected for each condition?
At least five data points are collected for each condition so that trends, levels of the problem behavior, and non-overlapping data points across conditions can be compared. Graphed data are examined to identify differential levels of the individual’s behavior across conditions. The data patterns are analyzed by examining stability, trends, overlapping data points, and magnitude of effect observed for the test conditions compared to the control (play/recreation) condition (Martin & Pear, 2011). If variability in the data pattern and/or overlapping data patterns are observed, then additional sessions may need to be conducted until stability and differentiation of the levels of behavior in each condition is reached to allow an interpretation of the results (see Bourret & Pietras, 2013 for more).
What is an ABC assessment?
An ABC functional assessment often takes place in multiple settings or under different conditions (e.g., during math, language, or physical education instruction) so as to provide similar and contrasting information about the situations where the challenging behaviors are likely to occur.
What is FAN in research?
Commonly used research designs when conducting FAn include multielement and ABAB designs as defined below. The duration of presentation of each condition is typically at least 5 min with a brief (e.g., 5-min) break between conditions if several are presented on one day.
What are the ethical considerations for FA?
Abiding by ethical considerations protects the client and others and can contribute to high quality care for the person. The overarching ethical considerations are: do no harm, right to privacy, and informed consent. Several federal laws mandate assessment, evaluation, and interventions with persons with disabilities, including Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Americans with Disabilities Act, the Buckley Amendment of Families Equal Right to Privacy Act (FERPA) and other state and local policies. Professionals should be well-versed about these laws and policies and act accordingly. Other ethical factors specific to the FA process include: informed consent from the individual and family to perform FA and determine acceptability of treatment procedures, competence of the professional, adequate and appropriate behavior measures of baseline, treatment, and post-treatment to allow objective and fair evaluation of treatment effectiveness, the choice of a least restrictive alternative or intervention path, and the right to effective treatment based on research based intervention practices. Table 9 lists professional organizations in psychology and education that describe ethical guidelines, principles, and procedures.
How is Jimmy in foster care?
Jimmy is a fifth grade student who has been in and out of five foster homes over the course of his life . Jimmy does not have many friends, due in part to his frequent transitions to new schools and homes. Jimmy is currently placed with a loving older couple who want to stabilize his daily life. Jimmy is very quiet and shy, often described as sullen by previous teachers. He participates in noxious behaviors, such as vomiting and spitting, when asked to complete a task that he doesn’t like or want to do. Using the approaches described in this chapter, evaluate Jimmy’s problem behavior by answering the following questions:
