What are the fundamentals of psychoanalysis?
Whatever theoretical perspective a psychoanalyst employs, the fundamentals of psychoanalysis are always present—an understanding of transference, an interest in the unconscious, and the centrality of the psychoanalyst-patient relationship in the healing process.
What is a psychoanalytic treatment setting?
The psychoanalytic treatment setting is designed to magnify transference phenomena so that they can be examined and untangled from present day relationships. In a sense, the psychoanalyst and patient create a relationship where all the patient’s transference experiences are brought into the psychoanalytic setting and can be understood.
What is a long-term approach to psychoanalysis?
(Freudian) approach to psychoanalysis based on a long-term exploration of past confl icts, many of which are unconscious, and an extensive process of working through early wounds. Classical psychoanalysis
What are the criticisms of psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis grew in its influence over the course of the early twentieth century, but it was not without its critics. Freud's theories overemphasized the unconscious mind, sex, aggression and childhood experiences. Many of the concepts proposed by psychoanalytic theorists are difficult to measure and quantify.
Which therapy model is most closely associated with the concept of accurate empathy?
Accurate empathy is the bullseye of Rogerian psychotherapy.
What are the two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy?
psychotherapy. The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are.. excessive anxiety and depression.
Which of the following individuals is credited with developing psychoanalysis?
The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, who developed the practice from his theoretical model of personality organization and development, psychoanalytic theory.
Who was most likely to use therapeutic techniques such as free association and dream analysis?
Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud's theory is that a person's psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses or childhood trauma. The goal of the therapist is to help a person uncover buried feelings by using techniques such as free association and dream analysis.
What are the 3 types of therapy?
Different approaches to psychotherapyPsychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. ... Behavior therapy. ... Cognitive therapy. ... Humanistic therapy. ... Integrative or holistic therapy.
Which of the following is critical in order for psychotherapy to be successful?
Which of the following is critical in order for psychotherapy to be successful? The therapist must provide a safe and comfortable environment.
What are the key concepts of psychoanalytic theory?
Psychoanalytic theory divides the psyche into three functions: the id—unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses; the superego—subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live by; and the ego—represents a sense of self and mediates between realities of the moment and ...
What are the basic concepts and principles of psychoanalysis?
The primary assumption of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e., make the unconscious conscious.
What kind of therapy is psychoanalysis?
talk therapyPsychoanalytic therapy is a form of talk therapy based on Sigmund Freud's theories of psychoanalysis. The approach explores how the unconscious mind influences your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Which of the following is not used in psychoanalysis?
Which of the following is NOT used in psychoanalysis? resistance. resistance. Because Freud believed that emotional concerns repressed in waking life are sometimes expressed in symbolic form while sleeping, he utilized the technique of _____ in therapy.
What are the five techniques of psychoanalysis?
They do this through techniques such as dream analysis, free-flowing conversations, transference analysis, interpretation, and free association. With these techniques, psychoanalytic therapists attempt to help their patients gain insight into how their past experiences inform their present behavior.
Is dream interpretation associated with psychoanalysis?
Dream analysis is a therapeutic technique best known for its use in psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud viewed dreams as “the royal road” to the unconscious and developed dream analysis, or dream interpretation, as a way of tapping into this unconscious material.
Why is Suzanne hostile to her therapist?
Because Suzanne has always felt an unconscious rivalry with her mother, she is hostile to her therapist, who is just a little younger than her mother and a female. Suzanne's behavior is most likely a form of. Select one: a. resistance.
Can a clinical psychologist prescribe drugs?
Only a clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs for disorders that merit drug therapy. b. There is no reliable association between a therapist's professional background and therapeutic efficacy. c. Psychologists are generally considered more effective therapists than either counselors or social workers.
Why do psychoanalysts have a theory?
Psychoanalysts have a theory to explain why we become so enraged when admired figures let us down. The concept of transference has become as ubiquitous in our culture as it is in our psyches. Often, references to transference phenomenon don’t acknowledge their foundation in psychoanalysis.
How does psychoanalysis help trauma victims?
Psychoanalysis can help the victim to develop emotional and behavioral strategies to deal with the trauma.
What is trauma in psychoanalysis?
Trauma is a severe shock to the system. Sometimes the system that’s shocked is physical; the trauma is a bodily injury. Sometimes the system is psychical; the trauma is a deep emotional blow or wound (which itself might be connected to a physical trauma). It’s the aftereffects of the psychical trauma that psychoanalysis can attempt to counteract.
What is ego psychology?
Today, the ego psychology that was dominant in American psychoanalytic thought for so many years has been significantly modified and is also currently strongly influenced by the developing relational point of view. The diverse schools of therapeutic approach currently operative in America include influences from British object relationists, "modern Freudians", the theories of Klein and Bion, self-psychology, the Lacanians, and more. Truly, a kaleidoscope of approaches is now available at psychoanalytic institutions in the United States. Many psychoanalysts believe that the human experience can be best accounted for by an integration of these perspectives.
What is transference in psychology?
Transference is what is transferred to new situations from previous situations. As a result, a person’s relationship to lovers and friends, as well as any other relationship, including his psychoanalyst, includes elements from his or her earliest relationships.
Why do patients resist self exploration?
As uncomfortable thoughts and feelings begin to get close to the surface--that is, become conscious--a patient will automatically resist the self-exploration that would bring them fully into the open, because of the discomfort associated with these powerful emotional states that are not registered as memories, but experienced as fully contemporary—transferences. The patient is thus experiencing life at too great an intensity because he or she is burdened by transferences or painful emotions derived from another source, and must use various defenses (resistances) to avoid their full emotional intensity.
When did psychoanalysis start?
Psychoanalysis became established in America between World War I and World War II, when Americans traveled to Europe to take advantage of psychoanalytic training opportunities there. The single major therapeutic perspective that was transplanted to the United States was ego psychology, based centrally on Sigmund Freud’s The Ego and the Id (1923) ...
What is psychoanalysis?
By Dr. Saul McLeod, published 2007, updated 2019. Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods which have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud. The primary assumption of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, ...
What is psychoanalytic technique?
The psychoanalyst uses various techniques as encouragement for the client to develop insights into their behavior and the meanings of symptoms, including inkblots, parapraxes, free association, interpretation (including dream analysis), resistance analysis and transference analysis.
What is psychodynamic therapy?
Salzman (1980) suggests that psychodynamic therapies generally are of little help to clients with specific anxiety disorders such as phobias or OCDs but may be of more help with general anxiety disorders.
What is Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?
Remember, psychoanalysis is a therapy as well as a theory. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. In psychoanalysis (therapy) Freud would have a patient lie on a couch to relax, and he would sit behind them taking notes while they told him about their dreams and childhood memories.
What is free association therapy?
Free association is a practice in psychoanalytic therapy, in which a patient talks of whatever comes into their mind. This technique involves a therapist giving a word or idea, and the patient immediately responds with the first word that comes to mind.
What is the primary assumption of psychoanalysis?
The primary assumption of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e., make the unconscious conscious. It is only having a cathartic (i.e., healing) experience can the person be helped and "cured.".
What is Freud's theory of dreams?
According to Freud the analysis of dreams is "the royal road to the unconscious.". He argued that the conscious mind is like a censor, but it is less vigilant when we are asleep. As a result, repressed ideas come to the surface - though what we remember may well have been altered during the dream process.
How does psychoanalysis help with psychological distress?
Basic Tenets. Psychoanalysis suggests that people can experience catharsis and gain insight into their current state of mind by bringing the content of the unconscious into conscious awareness. Through this process, a person can find relief from psychological distress. Psychoanalysis also suggests that:
How can psychoanalysis improve the legitimacy of a research?
Some things that can help improve the legitimacy and relevance of psychoanalytic methods include: Place a greater emphasis on scientific research and empirical evidence.
What comes to mind when you think of psychology?
If you ask someone what comes to mind when they think of psychology, Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis are likely to be common responses. There is no question that psychoanalysis—both as a therapeutic approach and theoretical outlook—has left its mark on psychology.
What did Sigmund Freud believe?
Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic approach to psychology. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. Freud's theories of psychosexual stages, the unconscious, and dream symbolism are still popular among both psychologists and laypeople, ...
What was the influence of psychoanalysis in the early twentieth century?
Over the course of the early twentieth century, the influence of psychoanalysis grew. It was not, however, without its critics. Despite its flaws, psychoanalysis continued to play a key role in the development of psychology.
What are the psychological problems that are rooted in conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind?
Emotional and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are often rooted in conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind. Personality development is heavily influenced by the events of early childhood (Freud suggested that personality was largely set in stone by the age of five).
Why is it difficult to generalize the results of a case study?
Although the hope is that the insights gained from a single case study could apply to others, it is difficult to generalize the results, because case studies tend to be highly subjective.
History of American Psychoanalytic Theory
Current Psychoanalytic Treatment Approaches
- Today, the ego psychology that was dominant in American psychoanalytic thought for so many years has been significantly modified and is also currently strongly influenced by the developing relational point of view. The diverse schools of therapeutic approach currently operative in America include influences from British object relationists, "modern Freudians", the theories of K…
Attachment Theory
- The term "attachment" is used to describe the affective (feeling-based) bond that develops between an infant and a primary caregiver. The quality of attachment evolves over time as the infant interacts with his caregiver and is determined partly by the caregiver’s state-of-mind toward the infant and his needs. The father of attachment theory, John Bowlby, M.D., believed that attac…
Transference
- Transference is a concept that refers to our natural tendency to respond to certain situations in unique, predetermined ways--predetermined by much earlier, formative experiences usually within the context of the primary attachment relationship. These patterns, deeply ingrained, arise sometimes unexpectedly and unhelpfully--in psychoanalysis, we wo...
Resistance
- Along with transference, resistance is one of the two cornerstones of psychoanalysis. As uncomfortable thoughts and feelings begin to get close to the surface--that is, become conscious--a patient will automatically resist the self-exploration that would bring them fully into the open, because of the discomfort associated with these powerful emotional states that are not register…
Trauma
- Trauma is a severe shock to the system. Sometimes the system that’s shocked is physical; the trauma is a bodily injury. Sometimes the system is psychical; the trauma is a deep emotional blow or wound (which itself might be connected to a physical trauma). It’s the aftereffects of the psychical trauma that psychoanalysis can attempt to counteract. While many emotional wound…