What are the new HIV drugs?
On August 30, 2018, the newest HIV drugs, Pifeltro (doravirine) and FDC antiretroviral Delstrigo, were approved for use in newly treated patients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
What is another name for HIV/AIDS?
Other names: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute HIV Infection; Acute Retroviral Syndrome; AIDS; AIDS-Related Complex; ARC; Chronic Symptomatic HIV Infection; HIV; HIV Infection, Acute; HIV Seroconversion Syndrome; HIV/AIDS; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection; Primary HIV Infection.
How many antiretroviral drugs are there for HIV?
List of Approved HIV Antiretroviral Drugs. Today, there are 28 individual agents (called drug molecules) and 13 fixed dosed combination (FDC) drugs comprised of two or more molecules. Eight of the FDCs, in fact, can be used as a single-pill, once-daily therapy, ensuring greater treatment adherence and ease of use.
How do antiretroviral drugs treat HIV?
Ridofranz / Getty Images Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection. They work by blocking a stage of the virus's life cycle and, by doing so, prevent the virus from replicating. The drugs are organized into six different classes based largely on the stage of the life cycle they inhibit.
Which of the following drugs is approved to treat the R5 form of HIV?
The drug maraviroc is the only FDA-approved CCR5 antagonist, and it is recommended for use in antiretroviral treatment-experienced individuals only if they have documented pure R5 HIV.
Which of the following drug classes of HIV treatments are given subcutaneously?
Fusion inhibitors The only drug in this class is T-20, which is administered as a twice daily subcutaneous injection. The most common side effect is redness and pain at the site of injection. Rarely, infection can occur at the injection site. There also are reports of generalized allergic reactions.
Which of the following nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors should be taken on an empty stomach?
It is recommended that the anti-HIV drug efavirenz (Sustiva, also in Atripla) is taken on an empty stomach.
What advantage does famciclovir have over other antiviral agents?
[7] Famciclovir is another antiviral agent, which is a prodrug of penciclovir available with the advantage of a longer intracellular half-live and a better bioavailability.
What is combination antiretroviral therapy?
Listen to pronunciation. (KOM-bih-NAY-shun AN-tee-REH-troh-VY-rul THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment that uses a combination of three or more drugs to treat HIV infection. Combination antiretroviral therapy stops the virus from making copies of itself in the body.
Which of the following is not used in antiretroviral therapy?
Antiretroviral Drugs Not Recommended The following ARV drugs are no longer recommended for use because of suboptimal antiviral potency, unacceptable toxicities, high pill burden, or pharmacologic concerns: delavirdine (DLV), didanosine (ddI), indinavir (IDV), nelfinavir (NFV), and stavudine (d4T).
What drugs are protease inhibitors?
Protease inhibitor drugsatazanavir (Reyataz)darunavir (Prezista)fosamprenavir (Lexiva)indinavir (Crixivan)lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra)nelfinavir (Viracept)ritonavir (Norvir)saquinavir (Invirase)More items...
What drug is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor?
The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) directly inhibit the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) by binding in a reversible and non-competitive manner to the enzyme. The currently available NNRTIs are nevirapine, delavirdine, and efavirenz; other compounds are under evaluation.
Who takes efavirenz?
The combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir is used alone or along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults and children weighing more than 40 kg (88 lb). Efavirenz is in a class of medications non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).
What is the brand name for famciclovir?
What Is Famvir? Famvir (famciclovir) is an antiviral drug used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chicken pox.
What is the difference between famciclovir and acyclovir?
Famvir is active against the same viruses as acyclovir but has a longer duration of action so it can be taken fewer times each day. Famvir does not cure or stop the spread of herpes infections. Famvir relieves pain, burning, itching, and tingling, and also heals and prevents sores associated with herpes infections.
Which of the following is an antiviral drug?
Zanamivir, peramivir, and oseltamivir are active against both influenza A and influenza B. Zanamivir is given by inhalation only, peramivir is given intravenously, and oseltamivir can be given orally. These drugs are inhibitors of neuraminidase, a glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus.
What is the drug class for HIV?
By doing so, HIV can begin to churn out multiple copies of itself. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of reverse transcriptase and so prevent the replication of the virus. DRUG CLASS: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Brand Name. Generic Name.
What enzyme is used to replicate HIV?
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. In order for HIV to replicate, it uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its viral RNA into double-stranded DNA, which is then integrated into the nucleus of the host cell to "hijack" its genetic machinery.
What antiretroviral drugs have been discontinued?
While several new antiretroviral drugs have been added to the treatment arsenal since 2010, older ones like Crixivan (indinavir), Invirase (saquinavir), Rescriptor (delavirdine), Videx (didanosine), Viracept (nelfinavir), and Zerit (stavudine) have been discontinued and are no longer in use. An Overview of HIV Treatment.
What is the purpose of antiretroviral drugs?
Latesha Elopre, MD, MSPH. on May 20, 2021. Ridofranz / Getty Images. Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection. They work by blocking a stage of the virus's life cycle and, by doing so, prevent the virus from replicating.
What is the name of the drug that blocks reverse transcriptase?
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also block reverse transcriptase but in a different way. Rather than attaching to viral DNA like NRTIs do, NNRTIs bind directly to the enzyme, blocking its action.
How many FDC drugs are there?
Some FDC drugs are used with other antiretroviral agents. Others are entirely used on their own. Of the 22 FDC drugs approved for use in the United States, 14 are all-in-one treatments taken once daily. Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) Drugs. Brand Name.
How does HIV produce long chain proteins?
Once HIV takes over the genetic machinery of the host cell, it produces long-chain proteins that must be cut into smaller pieces (by protease) in order to be assembled into a new viral particle. By binding to protease, the long-chain proteins cannot be cut and new viral particles cannot be produced.
What is the drug used to treat HIV?
Medications used to treat HIV are called antiretrovirals (also referred to as ART or ARV). Most people with HIV take combination ART every day. ART also reduces the risk of HIV transmission. Approved ARV treatments are grouped into seven drug classes as follows: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
What does HIV stand for?
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (also called T cells), which eventually reduces a person’s ability to fight infection. HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) if left untreated.
What is the next stage of HIV?
The next stage of HIV infection is called clinical latent infection. Generally, there are few signs or symptoms during this stage which may last approximately 10 years, although some people may develop persistent swelling of the lymph nodes or more severe disease sooner. HIV persists in the bloodstream and white blood cells.#N#Infections start to become more common as the virus continues to multiply and destroy your immune cells. Signs and symptoms of symptomatic HIV infection include: 1 Fever 2 Fatigue 3 Diarrhea 4 Weight loss 5 Yeast infection (eg, oral thrush) 6 Shingles 7 Swollen lymph nodes.
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Signs and symptoms of symptomatic HIV infection include: Fever. Fatigue. Diarrhea. Weight loss. Yeast infection (eg, oral thrush) Shingles. Swollen lymph nodes.
How long does it take for HIV symptoms to show?
The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary, depending on the phase of infection. When you first acquire HIV it may take a month or two before symptoms show and these may last a week or two. Even then these may easily be confused with another type of viral illness, such as the flu, or so mild as not to be noticed initially.
How long does HIV last?
Generally, there are few signs or symptoms during this stage which may last approximately 10 years, although some people may develop persistent swelling of the lymph nodes or more severe disease sooner. HIV persists in the bloodstream and white blood cells.
How is HIV spread?
It is spread sexually, and by contact with infected blood, from mother to child during pregnancy, during childbirth, or through breast-feeding. People have a higher risk of contracting HIV if they: Have sex.