How do we decide if a treatment is even needed?
Module 3 covers the issues of clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. We will define assessment and then describe key issues such as reliability, validity, standardization, and specific methods that are used. In terms of clinical diagnosis, we will discuss the two main classification systems used around the world – the DSM-5 and ICD-10.
How did the service provider and law enforcement agent react to the victim?
Which of the following is most appropriate factor to use as the dependent variable in the experimental investigation. ... a cellular response to DNA change based on the diagram above which of the following best describes the role of P 53 in response to DNA damage ... provides the best evidence that photosynthesis occur in a treatment group 1.
What are the three elements of victim centered practice?
5 steps are: 1.know the exposures (brainstorming, risk assessment, audit planning) 2. translate exposure into likely symptoms 3. always be on the lookout for symptoms 4. build audit and data-mining programs to look for symptoms 5. pursue these issues to their logical conclusion and groun decisions in the evidence (evidence-based decision-making)
What is the importance of evidence in a criminal investigation?
Using a trauma-informed approach also helps produce better case results for law enforcement. For example, it leads to more effective interviews of victims and witnesses; it maximizes the chances of cooperation with law enforcement; and it helps structure the search for evidence to present a trauma-informed story in court to the fact-finder ...
Which of the following statements best helps justify the inclusion of test tube 5 as a control in the experiment quizlet?
Which of the following statements best helps justify the inclusion of test tube 5 in the experiment? It will act as a control for test tube 6 by showing the effect of the presence or absence of the enzyme. Researchers investigated the effect of urea on the three-dimensional structure of a certain enzyme.
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube 5 as a control in the experiment?
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment? It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of enzyme activity.
Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of the mitochondria?
Which of the following best describes the role the double membrane plays in the mitochondria? The double membrane structure creates two sets of membranes to embed proteins into for cellular respiration.Dec 14, 2021
Which of the following best explains the advantage These projections provide the cell?
Which of the following best explains the advantages of these projections provide the cell? The projections increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell which allows for more efficient nutrient exchange with the environment.
Which of the following best justifies the use of tube as a control treatment?
Which of the following best justifies the use of tube 2 as a control treatment? It was a positive control for measuring the effect of DCMU on the reaction.
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tubes three and seven in the experiment?
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tubes 3 and 7 in the experiment? They will show whether the isolated cellular contents have enzymatic activity.
Which of the following best describes the function of a double membrane system of this organelle?
Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle? The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.
What does a double membrane mean?
two biomembrane layers, with an intermembranal space, surrounding certain organelles (for example, mitochondria) or structures.
What is the importance of the double membrane?
A nuclear membrane is a double membrane that encloses the cell nucleus. It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. The nuclear membrane includes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials, such as nucleic acids and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose homeostasis?
Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose homeostasis? Insulin is released in response to high blood glucose levels. This release triggers a negative feedback loop that returns blood glucose levels back to normal.
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates quizlet?
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? the addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers.
Which of the following best explains how molecules such as o2 and co2 can move across?
1 Answer. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes via simple diffusion, a process that requires no energy input and is driven by differences in concentration on either side of the cell membrane.Aug 26, 2015
What did scientists test in an experiment?
A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an. artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane.
Why can't treated cells break down NADH?
Treated cells are not able to break down NADH because certain enzymes of the electron transport chain are inhibited. 16. On average more ATP can be produced from an NADH molecule than can be produced from a molecule of FADH2. NADH goes through 4 protein complexes, whereas FADH2 goes through 3 protein complexes. 17.
What is Tarui disease?
Tarui disease is an inherited disorder that is caused by mutations in PFKM, the gene that encodes a subunit of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. Individuals with Tarui disease produce little or no functional phosphofructokinase in skeletal muscle cells.
What are the three critical concepts of assessment?
The assessment process involves three critical concepts – reliability, validity, and standardization . Actually, these three are important to science in general. First, we want the assessment to be reliable or consistent. Outside of clinical assessment, when our car has an issue and we take it to the mechanic, we want to make sure that what one mechanic says is wrong with our car is the same as what another says, or even two others. If not, the measurement tools they use to assess cars are flawed. The same is true of a patient who is suffering from a mental disorder. If one mental health professional says the person suffers from major depressive disorder and another says the issue is borderline personality disorder, then there is an issue with the assessment tool being used (in this case, the DSM and more on that in a bit). Ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients is called interrater reliability. Another type of reliability occurs when a person takes a test one day, and then the same test on another day. We would expect the person’s answers to be consistent, which is called test-retest reliability. For example, let’s say the person takes the MMPI on Tuesday and then the same test on Friday. Unless something miraculous or tragic happened over the two days in between tests, the scores on the MMPI should be nearly identical to one another. What does identical mean? The score at test and the score at retest are correlated with one another. If the test is reliable, the correlation should be very high (remember, a correlation goes from -1.00 to +1.00, and positive means as one score goes up, so does the other, so the correlation for the two tests should be high on the positive side).
When was the DSM 5 published?
3.2.2.1. A brief history of the DSM. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 and took the place of the DSM IV-TR (TR means Text Revision; published in 2000), but the history of the DSM goes back to 1944 when the American Psychiatric Association published a predecessor of the DSM which was a “statistical classification of institutionalized mental patients” and “…was designed to improve communication about the types of patients cared for in these hospitals” (APA, 2013, p. 6). The DSM evolved through four major editions after World War II into a diagnostic classification system to be used psychiatrists and physicians, but also other mental health professionals. The Herculean task of revising the DSM began in 1999 when the APA embarked upon an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO) Division of Mental Health, the World Psychiatric Association, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This collaboration resulted in the publication of a monograph in 2002 called A Research Agenda for DSM-V. From 2003 to 2008, the APA, WHO, NIMH, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) convened 13 international DSM-5 research planning conferences “to review the world literature in specific diagnostic areas to prepare for revisions in developing both DSM-5 and the International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11)” (APA, 2013).
What is clinical diagnosis?
Clinical diagnosis is the process of using assessment data to determine if the pattern of symptoms the person presents with is consistent with the diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder outlined in an established classification system such as the DSM-5 or I CD-10 (both will be described shortly). Any diagnosis should have clinical utility, meaning it aids the mental health professional in determining prognosis, the treatment plan, and possible outcomes of treatment (APA, 2013). Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013). Likewise, a patient may not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis but require treatment nonetheless.
What is the purpose of a CT scan?
Finally, computed tomography or the CT scan involves taking X-rays of the brain at different angles and is used to diagnose brain damage caused by head injuries or brain tumors. 3.1.3.5. Physical examination.
Does receiving a diagnosis mean you need treatment?
Receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean the person requires treatment. This decision is made based upon how severe the symptoms are, level of distress caused by the symptoms, symptom salience such as expressing suicidal ideation, risks and benefits of treatment, disability, and other factors (APA, 2013).
What is trauma informed approach?
A trauma-informed approach begins with understanding the physical, social, and emotional impact of trauma on the individual, as well as on the professionals who help them. This includes victim-centered practices. It incorporates three elements: Realizing the prevalence of trauma. Recognizing how trauma affects all individuals involved with ...
How does trauma affect the criminal justice system?
Trauma affects how victims see themselves ("I am helpless," "worthless"), their worldview (the world is dangerous, no one can protect me), and relationships ("I cannot trust anyone"). These beliefs affect how victims respond to services and the criminal justice system, and underscore the importance of task forces taking a trauma-informed approach, ...
Why is it important to consider the effect of trauma?
It is helpful to consider the effect of trauma when a victim exhibits behavior that may seem unusual, inconsistent, or even aggressive to assist the victim in feeling more in control, less shamed, or less frightened.
What is the main aim of a patient's treatment for an infarct?
Once the patient reaches hospital, the major aim of treatment is to decrease the size of the infarct. Fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) restores coronary patency and significantly reduces mortality. Aspirin is mandatory unless there are absolute contraindications to its use.
What is the main aim of ACE inhibitors?
Article. Authors. Summary. Acute myocardial infarction is a common cause of death. Most of the deaths are due to ventricular fibrillation occurring soon after the onset of ischaemia. Once the patient reaches hospital, the major aim of treatment is to decrease the size of the infarct.
How to reduce the size of an infarct?
Aim of treatment#N#Early treatment aims to reduce the extent of myocardial damage. As the myocardium is damaged by a diminished oxygen supply due to the obstructed coronary artery, infarct size can be reduced in two ways: 1 dissolution of the thrombus to restore coronary blood flow 2 decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption
What are the indications for fibrinolytic therapy?
The indications for fibrinolytic therapy are symptoms of myocardial ischaemia, of less than 12 hours' duration, with ECG changes of ST elevation or left bundle branch block. Patients without these ECG changes should not be given fibrinolytic therapy. 3. Table 1.
How long does it take for Streptokinase to restore blood flow?
Despite reducing mortality by 25% 1,2, only about 30% of patients have their coronary flow restored to normal within 90 minutes of treatment. This increases to over 50% by 3 hours and up to 80% by 5-7 days. 4.
What is the best medicine for myocardial infarction?
Aspirin. All patients with a suspected myocardial infarction should be given aspirin. It is a powerful antiplatelet drug, with a rapid effect, which reduces mortality by 20%. 2 Aspirin, 150-300 mg, should be swallowed as early as possible.
Can ACE inhibitors be used for myocardial infarction?
ACE inhibitors and intravenous beta blockers are beneficial in acute myocardial infarction and intravenous glyceryl trinitrate probably has a role. Calcium channel blockers and magnesium should not be used routinely. Myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death in Australia.
