What is the rationale of administering probenecid with cidofovir?
In these studies, probenecid appeared to decrease kidney tissue drug levels and associated nephrotoxicity by acting as a competitive inhibitor of cidofovir uptake by the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Probenecid is currently used as a nephroprotectant during clinical therapy with intravenous cidofovir.
What is the use of cidofovir?
Cidofovir injection is used along with another medication (probenecid) to treat cytomegaloviral retinitis (CMV retinitis) in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cidofovir is in a class of medications called antivirals. It works by slowing the growth of CMV.
How is cidofovir administered?
Probenecid must be administered orally with each VISTIDE dose. Two grams must be administered 3 hr prior to the VISTIDE dose and one gram administered at 2 and again at 8 hr after completion of the 1 hr VISTIDE infusion (for a total of 4 grams).
What is the mechanism of action of cidofovir?
Mechanism of Action: Cidofovir diphosphate acts as a competitive inhibitor and an alternate substrate for cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase. It is incorporated into the growing CMV DNA strand and blocks further viral DNA synthesis leading to non-productive infection.
Which of the following is a side effect of cidofovir?
Common side effects of Vistide include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips, headache, skin rash, hair loss, or cough. When Vistide is used with probenecid side effects include: headache.
Is cidofovir cytotoxic?
Yes, cidofovir can be considered a cytotoxic medication that can harm cells, which is why it is always handled with care by healthcare professionals.
What is the black box warning for cidofovir?
Black Box Warning Renal impairment is the major toxicity of Cidofovir Cases of acute renal failure resulting in dialysis and/or contributing to death have occurred with as few as one or two doses of Cidofovir.
What is cat cidofovir?
Cidofovir is a powerful, broad-spectrum anti-viral drug. It is used in cats to treat infections of the eye (conjunctivitis and keratitis) associated with feline herpes virus (FHV-1). Cidofovir has been found to be effective with twice a day administration and a relatively short duration of treatment.
How do you administer foscarnet?
Method of administration: Foscarnet should be administered by the intravenous route only, either by a central venous line or in a peripheral vein. When peripheral veins are used, the solution of foscarnet 24 mg/ml must be diluted.
Does cidofovir need phosphorylation?
12.5. Cidofovir (9) is a deoxycytidine acyclic nucleotide phosphonate analog with antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA viruses, including herpesviruses. As it is a monophosphate analog, cidofovir does not require initial phosphorylation.
Does cidofovir treat HSV?
Clinically, cidofovir has been used successfully for treatment of HSV infection, including infection with strains with in vitro and clinical resistance to both acyclovir and foscarnet [10, 11].
When was cidofovir approved by the FDA?
Abstract. AIDS: In June 1996 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted marketing clearance of cidofovir injection (Vistide) for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS. Two studies demonstrated cidofovir's ability to slow progression of CMV retinitis and were the basis for approval.