What types of organic compounds are not suitable for SVE?
semivolatile organic compounds depending on site characteristics and performance objectives such as a deadline to achieve remedial action objectives. SVE is considered ineffective for low volatility compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, dioxins/furans, cyanides, corrosives, metals, asbestos,
Is Sve a presumptive remedy for VOCs?
implementation of SVE treatment technology have been documented at both the federal and state level, and more than two decades ago EPA designated SVE as a presumptive remedy for VOCs in soils at Superfund sites (U.S. EPA, 1993). At the state level, a
Can sve be used to remove inorganic compounds?
N/A for inorganics and radionuclides: examples of exceptions are mercury and radon, which are volatile and could be removed by SVE. However, these would not be typical technology applications. ↩
What is the difference between SVE and ex situ treatment?
from VOC vapor treatment (e.g., spent GAC), wastewater produced from the SVE system, and potentially soil cuttings and personal protective equipment. Compared to ex situ treatment technologies and other soil remedies such as soil excavation, SVE systems generally produce less waste
What is SVE used for?
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a common and typically effective physical treatment process for remediation of volatile contaminants in vadose zone (unsaturated) soils. During SVE, contaminated soil gas is extracted from the vadose zone, treated, and then discharged to the atmosphere.
What is SVE system?
SVE involves drilling one or more extraction wells into the contaminated soil to a depth above the water table, which must be deeper than 3 feet below the ground surface. Attached to the wells is equipment (such as a blower or vacuum pump) that creates a vacuum.
Where is Bioventing used?
Bioventing is most often used at sites with mid-weight petroleum products (i.e., diesel fuel and jet fuel), because lighter products (i.e., gasoline) tend to volatilize readily and can be removed more rapidly using SVE.
What are the factors that affect effectiveness of soil vapor extraction?
SVE effectiveness issues include tailing and rebound, which result from contaminated zones with lower air flow (i.e., low permeability zones or zones of high moisture content) and/or lower volatility (or higher adsorption).
How do you treat ground water?
Pumping and treatment is one of the most commonly used ways of treating contaminated groundwater. The process involves pumping the groundwater through a specialist water treatment system, then either returning the treated water into the ground or putting it into the drainage system.
What is the process of phytoremediation?
Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms.
What is bioventing and Biosparging?
Bioventing is the aeration of the unsaturated vadose zone to stimulate aerobic biodegradation. Biosparging is the injection of air into the groundwater to provide oxygen for groundwater remediation.
What is Bioaugmentation used for?
Bioaugmentation is used to biodegrade specific soil and groundwater contaminants. It involves adding cultured microorganisms into the subsurface to biodegrade the desired contaminants. In many cases, these microorganisms are “specialists” in degrading specific target contaminants.
What are the types of bioremediation?
There are far more than nine types of bioremediation, but the following are the most common ways in which it is used.5.1 Biopile. ... 5.2 Windrows. ... 5.3 Land farming. ... 5.4 Bioreactor. ... 5.5 Bioventing. ... 5.6 Bioslurping. ... 5.7 Biosparging. ... 5.8 Phytoremediation.More items...
What is a vapor extraction system?
Typical In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction System Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is an in situ unsaturated (vadose) zone soil remediation technology in which a vacuum is applied to the soil to induce the controlled flow of air and remove volatile and some semivolatile contaminants from the soil.
What is soil vacuum extraction?
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) uses vacuum pressure to remove volatile and some semi-volatile contaminants (VOCs and SVOCs) from the soil. The gas leaving the soil may be treated or destroyed, depending on local and state air discharge regulations.
What type of contaminants are amenable to soil Vapour extraction and or air sparging?
SVE can remediate a wide range of contaminants, including but not limited to: Petroleum range hydrocarbons (PRO) Diesel range hydrocarbons (DRO) Vinyl chloride.
What is supraventricular ectopics?
What is the treatment of supraventricular ectopics? Supra ventricular ectopics (SVPC: supra ventricular premature complex) are abnormal heart beats with trigger signals originating above the ventricles ( lower chambers of the heart). They could be from the atrium or atrioventricular junction.
Can abnormal electrolytes cause ectopic activity?
Abnormalities in the blood electrolytes can also cause ectopic activity , though it is more likely in the ventricles. If the supraventricular ectopics precipitate a tachycardia (fast rhythm of the heart), it will need suppression by medication which reduce the irritability of the atria known as anti arrhythmic drugs.
What are the treatment options for vapors?
A variety of treatment options based on physical (adsorption and condensation), chemical (oxidation), and biological (biodegradation) processes are available to treat the vapors generated by these remediation technologies.
What is vapor treatment?
Vapor treatment is accomplished using a variety of technologies that are based on the type of unit operation process employed. Common classes of treatment include: Adsorption — Adsorption is the adhesion of molecules of COCs to the outside or inside portion of a media.
Is vapor condensation safe?
One advantage of using a vapor condensation system for off-gas treatment is that such a system is quite safe, even when applied to vapor streams in which the concentration of VOCs approach or exceed a lower explosive limit (LEL) condition.
What is a supraventricular ectopic beat?
Supraventricular Ectopic Beat (SVE) A beat that is premature, narrow in width but may be slightly different shaped than the patient’s “normal” beats. These beats may be sinus, atrial, or nodal in origin.
What are the characteristics of a supraventricular ectopic beat?
Supraventricular Ectopic Beats indicates atrial irritability.
Is supraventricular ectopic beats a sign of atrial fibrillation?
An increasing trend in Supraventricular Ectopic Beats may be an indicator or sign for atrial fibrillation. Atrial Fibrillation is considered to be significant as it can lead to heart attack or stroke.
Drugs used to treat Supraventricular Tachycardia
The following list of medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of this condition.
Further information
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
How to stop SVT?
You may be able to stop an episode of SVT by using particular movements such as holding your breath and straining as you would during a bowel movement, dunking your face in ice water, or coughing.
What to do if you have a SVT?
Medications. If you have frequent episodes of SVT, your doctor may prescribe medication to control your heart rate or restore a normal heart rhythm. It's very important to take the medication exactly as directed by your doctor in order to reduce complications. Catheter ablation.
How to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia?
To diagnose supraventricular tachycardia, your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and your medical history and perform a physical exam. Blood tests are usually done to check for other health conditions that could cause your symptoms, such as thyroid disease.
What is the test for SVT?
Tests to diagnosis SVT include: Electrocardiogram (ECG). During an ECG, sensors (electrodes) that can detect the electrical activity of your heart are attached to your chest and sometimes to your limbs. An ECG measures the timing and duration of each electrical phase in your heartbeat. Holter monitor.
What to do if you can't exercise during a stress test?
During a stress test, you'll be asked to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle while your heart activity is monitored. If you can't exercise and your doctor thinks heart disease may be causing your arrhythmia, you may receive a drug to stimulate your heart in a way that's similar to exercise. Tilt table test.
What is a supraventricular tachycardia test?
This device detects abnormal heart rhythms and is implanted under the skin in the chest area. If your doctor doesn't find a heart rhythm problem during those tests, you may need other tests, such as: Stress test. For some people, supraventricular tachycardia is triggered or worsened by stress or exercise.
Schematic
- This information may be reproduced without restriction as long as the source attribution is included. Soil Vapor Extraction
Introduction
- Soil vapor extraction (SVE) involves the application of a vacuum in the vadose zone to induce the controlled flow of air and removal of volatile and some semivolatile contaminants from the subsurface. SVE is applicable to the treatment of contamination located above the water table in unsaturated (vadose) zone soil. SVE system configurations can include vertical and/or horizonta…
Description
- SVE establishes a vacuum in the subsurface to create a pressure/concentration gradient that allows for the mass transfer of applicable contaminants from the NAPL or adsorbed phases and transfer of constituents dissolved in soil moisture to the vapor phase. The vapor is then recovered from the subsurface through extraction wells and is then treated aboveground to recover or dest…
Development Status and Availability
- The following checklist provides a summary of the development and implementation status of SVE remediation: ☐At the laboratory/bench scale and shows promise ☒In pilot studies ☒At full scale ☒To remediate an entire site (source in vadose zone) ☐To remediate a source only ☒As part of a technology train ☒As the final remedy at multiple sites ☒To successfully attain cleanu…
Applicability
- SVE can be used to facilitate treatment of lower water solubility VOCs in soils and is the preferred presumptive remedy for this purpose under the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) process (EPA, 1996). It is known to be effective for the removal of a range of chlorinated solvents and th…
Cost
- The most critical cost factors are associated with the contaminant mass and type, soil characteristics, and the extent of contamination (i.e., size and depth of the treatment zone). These factors affect the number of extraction wells needed, the blower capacity and vacuum level required, the need for off-gas treatment, and the length of time required to remediate the site. M…
Duration
- The duration of operation and maintenance for SVE is typically medium-term (e.g., from 1 to 3 years) to long-term (e.g., as long as a building remains occupied for vapor intrusion mitigation purposes). The treatment duration depends on several factors such as contaminant type, extracted soil gas concentrations, and soil characteristics (e.g., heterogeneous very moist soil sl…
Resources
- EPA. User's Guide to the VOCs in Soils Presumptive Remedy (1996) (PDF) (3 pp, 260 KB) This User's Guide recommends SVE as a presumptive remedy for sites where VOCs are present in soil and treatment is warranted. EPA. A Citizen's Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging (2012) (PDF) (2 pp, 1.63 MB) This fact sheet is intended for public guidance on the method of S…