Profound metabolic acidosis, seizures, coma, pulmonary edema, and cardiovascular collapse may occur with severe poisoning. After massive aspirin ingestions, aggressive gut decontamination is advisable, including gastric lavage, repeated doses of activated charcoal, and consideration of whole bowel irrigation.
Full Answer
What are the treatment options for aspirin toxicity?
After massive aspirin ingestions, aggressive gut decontamination is advisable, including gastric lavage, repeated doses of activated charcoal, and consideration of whole bowel irrigation. Give IVF to replace fluid losses caused by tachypnea, vomiting, fever.
What is the difference between acute and chronic aspirin poisoning?
Chronic aspirin poisoning is often mistaken for viral illness. 2. Acute ingestion of aspirin is always more serious than chronic ingestion. 3. Peritoneal dialysis is used in the treatment of severe cases of aspirin poisoning. 4. Acute ingestion of aspirin causes severe toxicity when the dosage is 200 to 250 mg/kg.
What should a nurse do if a patient is prescribed Aspirin?
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for aspirin to treat an ankle sprain, The nurse should instruct patient to report the following adverse drug reactions? Aspirin use can cause renal impairment, which can result in the retention of salt and water.
What are the lab tests for aspirin toxicity?
Aspirin Toxicity Laboratory Diagnosis: mixed respiratory alkalosis/metabolic acidosis Clinical Diagnosis: hyperthermia, vomiting, pulmonary edema, cardiovascular collapse, seizures Treatment (GI): lavage, charcoal, bowel irrigation Treatment (Renal): IV fluids, sodium bicarbonate, possible hemodialysis
What is the management of intoxication of aspirin?
Therapy of salicylate intoxication should be aimed principally at replacement of fluid electrolytes, correction of acidemia, administration of glucose, and prevention of further salicylate absorption and enhancement of salicylate elimination.
Why does aspirin cause hyperventilation?
Aspirin has a direct effect on the respiratory center in the brain leading to hyperventilation. The body responds to hyperventilation by having the kidneys produce more bicarbonate and excrete more potassium which leads to an elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Why does aspirin cause respiratory alkalosis?
High levels of salicylates stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors and the central respiratory centers in the medulla causing increased ventilation and a respiratory alkalosis.
How do you treat salicylism?
There is no specific antidote for salicylism. Treatment is currently aimed at augmenting elimination of salicylate via the urine or, in severer cases, directly from the blood by hemodialysis or exchange transfusion. Ninety per cent of ingested salicylate is excreted by the kidney.
How aspirin causes respiratory acidosis?
Aspirin directly stimulates cerebral respiratory centers and inhibits the citric acid cycle, causing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation which ultimately leads to lactic acidosis. Patients who present with aspirin toxicity may initially appear well before acute decompensation.
What is the most common side effect of aspirin?
Common side effects of aspirin may include: upset stomach; heartburn; drowsiness; or. mild headache.
What does aspirin toxicity cause?
Aspirin poisoning can occur rapidly after taking a single high dose or develop gradually after taking lower doses for a long time. Symptoms may include ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, and rapid breathing. The diagnosis is based on blood tests and the person's symptoms.
What do you give for a salicylate overdose?
Activated charcoal has been shown to decrease salicylate levels. However, no morbidity or mortality benefit has been shown. Gastric lavage may be considered if the patient presents after acute ingestion of enteric-coated aspirin.
How does salicylate cause respiratory alkalosis?
Respiratory centers are directly stimulated, causing a primary respiratory alkalosis. Salicylates also cause an inhibition of the citric acid cycle and an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and may produce renal insufficiency that causes accumulation of phosphoric and sulfuric acids.
What is an important element in the treatment of aspirin overdose quizlet?
Specifically, sodium bicarbonate is given via IV to make the blood and urine less acidic (more alkaline). This encourages the kidneys to capture more salicylate that can leave the body through the urine.
What happens if you swallow a bottle of aspirin?
A toxic dose of aspirin is 200 to 300 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram of body weight), and ingestion of 500 mg/kg is potentially lethal. In chronic overdose a lower level of aspirin in the body can result in serious illness. Much lower levels can affect children.
How do I lower my salicylate levels?
If you're looking to decrease your dietary intake of salicylates, you can do so by avoiding eating fruit. Apples, avocado, berries, cherries, grapes, peaches, and plums are all foods rich in salicylates. However, it's important to still make sure you're getting the right amount of nutrients that fruit provides.
What is the antidote for acetaminophen?
N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) ANS: D. The antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning is N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). Carnitine (Carnitor) is an antidote for valproic acid (Depakote), fomepizole (Antizol) is the antidote for methanol poisoning, and deferoxamine (Desferal) is the antidote for iron poisoning.
Does acetaminophen cause burning pain?
Hyperpyrexia is a severe elevation in body temperature and is not related to acetaminophen poisoning. Acetaminophen does not cause burning pain in stomach and does not pose an airway threat.
What should a nurse do if a client is prescribed diphenhydramine?
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed diphenhydramine to relieve pruritus. The client asks the nurse how he can minimize the daytime sedation he is experiencing.
What is thiamine administered for?
Thiamine is administered to the client who has Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis due to hepatic dysfunction and inadequate intake of sufficient vitamins. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has schizophrenia and a new prescription for fluphenazine.
What happens if you take disulfiram while taking a medication?
The client consumed alcohol while taking the medication. The client took an overdose of the medication. Disulfiram is given to clients who have a history of alcohol abuse. It produces a sensitivity to alcohol that results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the client ingests even small amounts of alcohol.
How much fluid should I drink for gout?
Clients who have gout should increase their fluid intake to 2 to 3L per day to prevent toxicity of allopurinol and decrease uric acid levels. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
How much water should I drink a day with methotrexate?
Methotrexate can cause renal toxicity. The client should drink 2 to 3 L of water per day to promote excretion of the medication. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for lithium to treat bipolar disorder.