How does the provision of treatment inform the diagnosis process?
Nov 09, 2020 · Which includes the identification of disease and the provision of care and treatment to persons who are sick , injured , or concerned about their health status ? a . health insurance
What is diagnosis in health care?
Which includes the identification of disease and the provision of care and treatment to persons who are sick, injured , or concerned about their health status? c) preventive examination. Which …
What is included in the definition of medical care?
Which includes the identification of disease and the provision of care and treatment to persons who are sick , injured , or concerned about their health status ? a. health insurance
When can a health care provider disclose protected health information?
__ __ includes the identification of disease and the provision of care and treatment to persons who are sick, injured, or concerned about their health status. Health care; preventive services __ …
What is health insurance?
Health insurance coverage subsidized by employers and other organizations. individual health insurance. Private health insurance policy purchased by individuals or families who do not have access to group health insurance coverage. socialized medicine.
What is the purpose of a patient encounter with a provider?
Describes patient encounters with providers for the purpose of evaluation and management of general health status.
Who purchases private health insurance?
Private health insurance policy purchased by individuals or families who do not have access to group health insurance coverage.
What is classification system?
A classification system used to collect data for statistical purposes.
What is medical care?
Medical care. Includes the identification of disease and the provision of care and treatment to persons who are sick, injured, or concerned about their health status. Health care. Expand the definition of medical care to include preventative services.
What is the ICD system?
The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a classification system used to collect data for statistical purposes.
What is a health insurance policy?
Health insurance. Contract between a policyholder and a third-party payer or government health program to reimburse the policyholder for all or a portion of the cost of medically necessary treatment options. Policyholder. A person who signs a contract between with a health insurance company and who, thus, owns the health insurance policy.
What is ERISA reporting?
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) mandated reporting and disclosure requirements for group life and health plans (including managed care plans), permitted large employers to self-insure employee healthcare benefits, and exempted large employers from taxes on health insurance premiums.
What is self insured health insurance?
Self-insured (or self-funded) employer-sponsored group health plans allow large employers to assume the financial risk for providing healthcare benefits to employees. The employer does not pay a fixed premium to a health insurance payer, but establishes a trust fund (of employer and employees contributions) out of which claims are paid.
What was the first commercial insurance company in the United States to provide private healthcare coverage for injuries not resulting in death?
The Franklin Health Assurance Company of Massachusetts was the first commercial insurance company in the United States to provide private healthcare coverage for injuries not resulting in death. 1908: FELA.
What is VA healthcare?
The VA healthcare program is a form of socialized medicine. Universal health insurance. The goal of providing every individual with access to health coverage, regardless of the system implemented to achieve that goal. 1850: first health insurance policy.
Who can disclose health information?
A covered entity may disclose protected health information to another covered entity or a health care provider (including providers not covered by the Privacy Rule) for the payment activities of the entity that receives the information. For example:
What is the definition of treatment in healthcare?
The core health care activities of “Treatment,” “Payment,” and “Health Care Operations” are defined in the Privacy Rule at 45 CFR 164.501. “Treatment” generally means the provision, coordination, or management of health care and related services among health care providers or by a health care provider with a third party , ...
What is a covered entity's notice of privacy practices?
A covered entity is required to provide the individual with adequate notice of its privacy practices, including the uses or disclosures the covered entity may make of the individual’s information and the individual’s rights with respect to that information.
What is the right to request privacy protection?
Individuals have the right to request restrictions on how a covered entity will use and disclose protected health information about them for treatment, payment, and health care operations. A covered entity is not required to agree to an individual’s request for a restriction, ...
What is the minimum necessary requirement for a covered entity?
A covered entity must develop policies and procedures that reasonably limit its disclosures of, and requests for, protected health information for payment and health care operations to the minimum necessary . A covered entity also is required to develop role-based access policies and procedures that limit which members of its workforce may have access to protected health information for treatment, payment, and health care operations, based on those who need access to the information to do their jobs. However, covered entities are not required to apply the minimum necessary standard to disclosures to or requests by a health care provider for treatment purposes.
What is consent in healthcare?
A covered entity that chooses to have a consent process has complete discretion under the Privacy Rule to design a process that works best for its business and consumers. A “consent” document is not a valid permission to use or disclose protected health information for a purpose that requires an “authorization” under the Privacy Rule (see 45 CFR 164.508), or where other requirements or conditions exist under the Rule for the use or disclosure of protected health information. Right to Request Privacy Protection.
What is the HIPAA Privacy Rule?
The HIPAA Privacy Rule establishes a foundation of Federal protection for personal health information, carefully balanced to avoid creating unnecessary barriers to the delivery of quality health care. As such, the Rule generally prohibits a covered entity from using or disclosing protected health information unless authorized by patients, except where this prohibition would result in unnecessary interference with access to quality health care or with certain other important public benefits or national priorities. Ready access to treatment and efficient payment for health care, both of which require use and disclosure of protected health information, are essential to the effective operation of the health care system. In addition, certain health care operations—such as administrative, financial, legal, and quality improvement activities—conducted by or for health care providers and health plans, are essential to support treatment and payment. Many individuals expect that their health information will be used and disclosed as necessary to treat them, bill for treatment, and, to some extent, operate the covered entity’s health care business. To avoid interfering with an individual’s access to quality health care or the efficient payment for such health care, the Privacy Rule permits a covered entity to use and disclose protected health information, with certain limits and protections, for treatment, payment, and health care operations activities.
What are the four types of information gathering activities in the diagnostic process?
The committee identified four types of information-gathering activities in the diagnostic process: taking a clinical history and interview; performing a physical exam; obtaining diagnostic testing; and sending a patient for referrals or consultations.
What is diagnostic in health care?
Diagnosis has been described as both a process and a classification scheme, or a “pre-existing set of categories agreed upon by the medical profession to designate a specific condition” (Jutel, 2009).1 When a diagnosis is accurate and made in a timely manner, a patient has the best opportunity for a positive health outcome because clinical decision making will be tailored to a correct understanding of the patient's health problem (Holmboe and Durning, 2014). In addition, public policy decisions are often influenced by diagnostic information, such as setting payment policies, resource allocation decisions, and research priorities (Jutel, 2009; Rosenberg, 2002; WHO, 2012).
What is the importance of clinical history?
Acquiring a clinical history and interviewing a patient provides important information for determining a diagnosis and also establishes a solid foundation for the relationship between a clinician and the patient. A common maxim in medicine attributed to William Osler is: “Just listen to your patient, he is telling you the diagnosis” (Gandhi, 2000, p. 1087). An appointment begins with an interview of the patient, when a clinician compiles a patient's medical history or verifies that the details of the patient's history already contained in the patient's medical record are accurate. A patient's clinical history includes documentation of the current concern, past medical history, family history, social history, and other relevant information, such as current medications (prescription and over-the-counter) and dietary supplements.
What is a working diagnosis?
The working diagnosis may be either a list of potential diagnoses (a differential diagnosis) or a single potential diagnosis. Typically, clinicians will consider more than one diagnostic hypothesis or possibility as an explanation of the patient's symptoms and will refine this list as further information is obtained in the diagnostic process. The working diagnosis should be shared with the patient, including an explanation of the degree of uncertainty associated with a working diagnosis. Each time there is a revision to the working diagnosis, this information should be communicated to the patient. As the diagnostic process proceeds, a fairly broad list of potential diagnoses may be narrowed into fewer potential options, a process referred to as diagnostic modification and refinement (Kassirer et al., 2010). As the list becomes narrowed to one or two possibilities, diagnostic refinement of the working diagnosis becomes diagnostic verification, in which the lead diagnosis is checked for its adequacy in explaining the signs and symptoms, its coherency with the patient's context (physiology, risk factors), and whether a single diagnosis is appropriate. When considering invasive or risky diagnostic testing or treatment options, the diagnostic verification step is particularly important so that a patient is not exposed to these risks without a reasonable chance that the testing or treatment options will be informative and will likely improve patient outcomes.
What is the purpose of a clinical history interview?
Performing a clinical history and interview, conducting a physical exam, performing diagnostic testing, and referring or consulting with other clinicians are all ways of accumulating information that may be relevant to understanding a patient's health problem.
How to obtain a clinical history?
The National Institute on Aging, in guidance for conducting a clinical history and interview, suggests that clinicians should avoid interrupting, demonstrate empathy, and establish a rapport with patients (NIA, 2008). Clinicians need to know when to ask more detailed questions and how to create a safe environment for patients to share sensitive information about their health and symptoms. Obtaining a history can be challenging in some cases: For example, in working with older adults with memory loss, with children, or with individuals whose health problems limit communication or reliable self-reporting. In these cases it may be necessary to include family members or caregivers in the history-taking process. The time pressures often involved in clinical appointments also contribute to challenges in the clinical history and interview. Limited time for clinical visits, partially attributed to payment policies (see Chapter 7), may lead to an incomplete picture of a patient's relevant history and current signs and symptoms.
What is NCBI bookshelf?
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
What is a specific case definition?
A, D. A specific or tight case definition is one that is likely to include only (or mostly) true cases, but at the expense of excluding milder or atypical cases. C. Rates assess risk.
What is the classic graph for displaying the time course of an epidemic?
B. An epidemic curve, with date or time of onset on its x-axis and number of cases on the y-axis, is the classic graph for displaying the time course of an epidemic.
What is an observational cohort study?
B, C. A study that assesses (but does not dictate) exposure and follows to document subsequent occurrence of disease is an observational cohort study.
What is a cross sectional study?
A cross-sectional study or survey provides a snapshot of the health of a population, so it assesses prevalence rather than incidence. As a result, it is not as useful as a cohort or case-control study for analytic epidemiology. However, a cross-sectional study can easily measure prevalence of exposures and outcomes. A.
What is the hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study?
The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is use of an appropriate comparison group. A. A case definition for a field investigation should include clinical criteria, plus specification of time, place, and person. The case definition should be independent of the exposure you wish to evaluate.
Why is John Snow's investigation of cholera considered a model for epidemiologic field investigations?
John Snow’s investigation of cholera is considered a model for epidemiologic field investigations because it included a biologically plausible (but not popular at the time) hypothesis that cholera was water-borne, a spot map, a comparison of a health outcome (death) among exposed and unexposed groups, and a recommendation for public health action. Snow’s elegant work predated multivariate analysis by 100 years.
Why do epidemiologists use different age breakdowns?
D. Epidemiologists tailor descriptive epidemiology to best describe the data they have. Because different diseases have different age distributions, epidemiologists use different age breakdowns appropriate for the disease of interest.
