What Therapist Factors Don’t Impact Outcomes? Research has repeatedly shown that age, gender, ethnicity/culture, profession/training, theoretical orientation, and experience are not related to therapist effectiveness (Beutler et al, 2004; Wampold & Brown, 2005). What Therapist Behaviors Hurt Outcomes?
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What is the relationship between a therapist and a client?
Jul 03, 2017 · Chap 3 4 quiz 3. Question 1 Which factors in the client-therapist relationship are NOT related to positive treatment outcomes? Answers: Selected Answer: C)therapist uses humor A)strong agreement on goals B)therapist empathizes with the client C)therapist uses humor D)therapist offers accurate interpretations. C ) therapist uses humor.
Do therapists determine outcome?
Jan 31, 2008 · Research shows that many factors affect whether treatment is successful, including the severity of the problem (s) being treated, the patient's belief that the counseling will work and the skill level of the therapist. However, research over the past fifty years has demonstrated that one factor — more than any other — is associated with successful …
What are the factors that influence the therapeutic alliance?
Dec 22, 2016 · Some studies have even called it the most important common factor in successful outcomes. ... the collaborative relationship between client and therapist, typically measured as agreement on the ...
What are the most effective therapist factors?
Research has repeatedly shown that age, gender, ethnicity/culture, profession/training, theoretical orientation, and experience are not related to therapist effectiveness (Beutler et al, 2004; Wampold & Brown, 2005).
What factor is related to positive treatment outcomes?
The goal of this study was to expand the understanding of not only the therapeutic alliance, but also how other contributing factors such as empathy, experience of the therapist, therapeutic modality, client's level of motivation, personality, and symptomology increase positive therapeutic outcomes.
Which of the following is a key element of the therapeutic relationship?
Edward Bordin, defined a good therapeutic relationship as consisting of three essential qualities: an emotional bond of trust, caring, and respect; agreement on the goals of therapy; and collaboration on the "work" or tasks of the treatment.
What does the outcome of psychotherapy depend on?
This viewpoint was more recently confirmed by Strupp (2001), who showed that the outcome of a psychotherapeutic process is often influenced by so-called non-specific factors, namely, the personal characteristics of the therapist and the positive feelings that arise in the patient – feelings which can lead to the ...Sep 28, 2011
Which clinical therapist identified the three essential features of all forms of therapy?
Terms in this set (73) According to clinical theorist Jerome Frank, all forms of therapy have three essential features: A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer.
What factors make it difficult for you to form a therapeutic relationship?
Some of the most common include:Reluctance to seek treatment. Many clients pursue treatment at the behest of someone else, such as a partner. ... The client's mental health diagnosis. ... A history of bad therapy. ... Therapist anxiety and experience. ... Trauma. ... Therapist's body language. ... Fear of judgment. ... Client-therapist mismatch.More items...•Oct 1, 2019
What are the 5 components of the therapeutic relationship?
The five key components of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship are professional intimacy, power, empathy, respect and trust. Regardless of the context, length of interaction and whether the nurse is the primary or secondary care provider, these components are always present.
Which factor is most predictive of positive outcomes in therapy?
The most powerful of those common factors have been referred to as the “therapeutic alliance,” referring to the bond between client and therapist. Study after study has shown that the quality of the relationship between client and therapist is the only reliable and the most powerful predictor of a positive outcome.
Which is the most important factor in therapy outcome?
Alliance is the most researched common factor. Typically the alliance is measured early in therapy (at session 3 or 4) and correlated with final outcome.Sep 25, 2015
What makes a client successful in therapy?
Successful clients accept that they will have to make sacrifices and take risks to get better. Overcoming anxiety requires an investment of time, energy, and effort. It also requires giving up on coping mechanisms you've used for years, such as avoiding certain situations or seeking reassurance from loved ones.
Who believed that the whole concept of mental illness is invalid and is a myth?
The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct is a 1961 book by the psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, in which the author criticizes psychiatry and argues against the concept of mental illness....The Myth of Mental Illness.Cover of the 1961 Hoeber-Harper editionAuthorThomas SzaszMedia typePrint (Hardcover and Paperback)8 more rows
Which of the following factors can increase the speed with which a stimulus response association can be learned?
Which of the following factors can increase the speed with which a stimulus-response association can be learned? behavioral perspective. John Watson was one of the first researchers to examine this connection.
Who decides the general criteria for defining abnormality?
Criteria of Abnormality In general, psychologists look at four different criteria for defining abnormal behavior. Each has its strengths, and each has its problems. The first criterion is violation of social norms. Behavior that goes against what is considered normal by society is abnormal.
What are the characteristics of a therapeutic relationship?
Qualities of a good therapeutic relationship: 1 Mutual trust, respect, and caring 2 General agreement on the goals and tasks of the therapy 3 Shared decision-making 4 Mutual engagement in "the work" of the treatment 5 The ability to talk about the "here-and-now" aspects of the relationship with each other 6 The freedom to share any negative emotional responses with each other 7 The ability to correct any problems or difficulties that may arise in the relationship
What factors affect whether a treatment is successful?
Research shows that many factors affect whether treatment is successful, including the severity of the problem (s) being treated, the patient's belief that the counseling will work and the skill level of the therapist. However, research over the past fifty years has demonstrated that one factor — more than any other — is associated ...
What is the strongest predictor of whether or not a therapy is successful?
Since that time, research has shown that the quality of this relationship (the "therapeutic alliance," as it is called) is the strongest predictor of whether or not therapy is successful. Strikingly, the quality of the therapeutic relationship appears critical to treatment success no matter what type of treatment is studied.
What is therapeutic relationship?
Historically, study of the therapeutic relationship has focused solely on the patient's relationship with the therapist. However, research conducted at The Family Institute at Northwestern University by myself and Dr. William Pinsof demonstrates the importance of expanding this definition to include the influence of significant other people in the patient's life. For example, in individual therapy, support of the treatment by the patient's significant others (family members, spouse, close friends) was associated with successful outcome. In couple therapy, the extent to which the couple agreed with each other on treatment tasks, goals and bonds predicted whether therapy would be successful.
What to do if you have difficulties with a therapist?
If you are having difficulties with your therapist, it is important to talk about that directly with your therapist. If you have questions or concerns about any part of the treatment, do not hesitate to discuss them with your therapist. Open, honest communication is a very healthy strategy for resolving difficulties.
What is the general agreement in therapy?
General agreement on the goals and tasks of the therapy. Shared decision-making. Mutual engagement in "the work" of the treatment. The ability to talk about the "here-and-now" aspects of the relationship with each other. The freedom to share any negative emotional responses with each other.
Is forming good relationships with patients a function of therapist training?
Research shows that the ability to form good relationships with patients is not simply a function of therapist training or experience level. Many beginning therapists are as skilled as their more experienced counterparts at forming good therapeutic relationships.
What are the factors that break down a therapy alliance?
Many factors can break down the therapy alliance, such as disagreement on treatment goals, the patient’s misinterpretation of something the therapist has said or a mistrust of the therapeutic process. Research shows that resolving these difficulties, known as therapy ruptures, can lead to better outcomes ( Psychotherapy, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2018).
What is responsiveness in therapy?
Responsiveness is also related to understanding clients as individuals— being attuned to their personality traits, conflicts, quirks and motivations , says Orya Tishby, PsyD, a clinical lecturer and researcher at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who co-edited “Developing the Therapeutic Relationship” (APA, 2018).
What is the shift in psychotherapy?
One big shift in psychotherapy in recent years is toward greater mutuality—the notion that psychotherapy is a two-way relationship in which the therapist and client are equal partners in the therapy process.
Where is Muran's research?
Christopher Muran, PhD, a professor at Adelphi University who directs the Mount Sinai Beth Israel Brief Psychotherapy Research Program at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
Can a patient be in psychotherapy if they don't have negative feelings?
Handling negative emotions. Patients probably wouldn’t be in psychotherapy if they didn’t have negative feelings to work through. Unfortunately, it can be difficult for clinicians to have to address patients’ negative states repeatedly.
Who developed the outcome rating scale?
Other psychologists have since developed shorter measures for the same purpose, notably the Outcome Rating Scale and the Session Rating Scale, developed by Scott D. Miller, PhD, Barry L. Duncan, PsyD, and colleagues.
What is CE Corner?
About CE. “CE Corner” is a continuing education article offered by APA’s Office of CE in Psychology. To earn CE credit, after you read this article, complete an online learning exercise and take a CE test. Upon successful completion of the test—a score of 75% or higher—you can immediately print your certificate.
Why is therapeutic relationship important?
Over the years, research has confirmed what so many therapists have known intuitively, that the therapeutic relationship itself is essential to the success a patient experiences. Some studies have even called it the most important common factor in successful outcomes.
Why is trust important in therapy?
By experiencing a secure attachment with the therapist, the person can feel safe to start to resolve some of their old traumas and evolve their model of relating. This is why the establishment of trust in the relationship is so crucial to the success of the outcome of therapy. It is on this groundwork of trust that a person feels safest ...
Is there a one size fits all approach to therapy?
There is no one proven method of therapy – no one-size-fits-all approach to treatment, because no one person is like the other. In order to be available to a patient and establish a solid relationship built on trust and understanding, the therapist has to be equally attuned to the patient and their own state of being.
What is the person of a therapist?
The person of the therapist is a significant curative factor in psychotherapy. Therapists should intentionally focus on the personal qualities they bring to therapy and how well they are building therapeutic relationships with clients.
What is Facilitative Interpersonal Skills?
Facilitative Interpersonal Skills include: . The ability to perceive, understand, and send a wide range of interpersonal messages.
What are facilitator skills?
The degree to which a therapist can understand, relate to, and persuade clients has been correlated with effectiveness. Facilitative Interpersonal Skills include: 1 The ability to perceive, understand, and send a wide range of interpersonal messages. 2 The ability to persuade others who have personal problems to apply proposed solutions and abandon maladaptive patterns.#N#
Do therapists have superior outcomes?
Some therapists consistently have outcomes superior to their peers. Evidence shows it is how they conduct therapy and not because of superior expertise in a model (Wampold, Baldwin, Holtforth, & Imel, 2017). The person of the therapist and the qualities they bring to the treatment encounter have received relatively little attention in psychotherapy ...
What are the client factors?
Client Factors. Although among the least cited factors, the characteristics of the client may be among the most important ingredients in effective therapy. Positive expectation and hope are the most frequently cited of these client factors. E.
What is the outcome literature in psychotherapy?
One major focus of the psychotherapy outcome literature has been to determine the most efficacious treatment models or techniques. For example, is cognitive therapy (CT), in which therapists focus on helping clients identify and challenge irrational thoughts, more effective in treating depression than interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), ...
What is therapeutic alliance?
The relationship between therapist and client is the most widely cited and researched common factor, revealing robust findings and generating a significant body of literature. The genesis of the therapeutic alliance can be traced back to Sigmund Freud’s early papers in which he noted the importance of positive attachment between the analyst and the patient. In 1975, Edward S. Bordin formally presented the first pantheoretical notion of alliance in his presidential address to the Society of Psychotherapy Research. He argued that the alliance was composed of three related components: (1) bonds, (2) tasks, and (3) goals. Specifically, bonds referred to the interpersonal attachment in psychotherapy; tasks were the agreement surrounding what is to be done in therapy; and goals were the degree of consensus between therapist and client relative to long- and short-term outcome expectations. Recent meta-analyses indicate that measures of the therapeutic relationship derived from this construct are moderate predictors of treatment outcome. There is also evidence supporting the tear and repair hypothesis, which holds that therapeutic relationships that involve a period of decline (i.e., tear) that is followed by periods of improvement (repair) may actually be more indicative of successful therapy than therapeutic dyads with static or even steadily increasing relationship quality.
What is bond in psychotherapy?
Specifically, bonds referred to the interpersonal attachment in psychotherapy ; tasks were the agreement surrounding what is to be done in therapy; and goals were the degree of consensus between therapist and client relative to long- and short-term outcome expectations.
What is the common factor theory?
The common factors theory stems from the contention that much of the effect of the various psychotherapies is due to factors that psychotherapies share, rather than those that are unique to a particular type of therapy. Researchers estimate that common factors account for between 45% and 70% of the effects of psychotherapy.
What was the first pantheistical idea of alliance?
He argued that the alliance was composed of three related components: (1) bonds, (2) tasks, and (3) goals.
What are the common factors in Rosenzweig's model?
Rosenzweig’s original model included four common factors: (1) catharsis, (2) the personality of the good therapist, (3) the therapeutic ideology, ...
Who challenged the efficacy of psychotherapy?
A challenge by Eysenck (1952), who claimed that the efficacy of psychotherapy had not been demonstrated and that any improvements were the result of so-called spontaneous remission, stimulated significant developments in the study of outcomes in psychotherapy.
What is Luborsky's concept of helping alliance?
Luborsky’s (1976) psychodynamic concept of the two types of helping alliance (i.e., patient’s perception of the therapist as supportive, and representing the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist to overcome the patient’s problems ).
What is the Rashomon effect?
According to Migone (1996), another hindrance is the so-called Rashomon effect (named after the 1950 film by Akira Kurosawa): each single aspect of therapeutic alliance may be perceived very differently by the therapist, patient, and clinical observer, which raises the question of objectivity.
Who proposed the concept of alliance?
Luborsky (1976) proposes a theoretical development of the concept of alliance, suggesting that the variations in the different phases of therapy could be accounted for by virtue of the dynamic nature of the alliance.
Is the scale used in outcome research?
The scale has not been used in outcome research. Open in a separate window. Any attempt to measure something as complex as therapeutic alliance involves a series of conceptual and methodological shortcomings, which have probably hindered the development of research in this field.
Overview
Fostering Mutuality and Collaboration
Being Flexible and Responsive
- Also critical to outcomes is a therapist’s ability to tailor treatment to patients’ individual characteristics, such as their cultural background, therapy preferences, attachment style, religious or spiritual beliefs, gender identity and sexual orientation—“to select different methods, stances and relationships according to the patient and the context,” as Norcross puts it. (The topic of res…
Using Feedback
- Another important way to boost the therapeutic relationship—as well as patient outcomes—is by gathering patient feedback and incorporating it into treatment. A widely studied and validated tool used by psychologists is the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ®-45.2), developed by Brigham Young University professor Michael Lambert, PhD. Patients complete the 45-question instrumen…
Repairing Ruptures
- Many factors can break down the therapy alliance, such as disagreement on treatment goals, the patient’s misinterpretation of something the therapist has said or a mistrust of the therapeutic process. Research shows that resolving these difficulties, known as therapy ruptures, can lead to better outcomes (Psychotherapy , Vol. 55, No. 4, 2018). Rupt...
Handling Negative Emotions
- Patients probably wouldn’t be in psychotherapy if they didn’t have negative feelings to work through. Unfortunately, it can be difficult for clinicians to have to address patients’ negative states repeatedly. Some therapists become frustrated, which can be taken by patients to mean there’s something wrong with them, says Stony Brook University professor Marvin Goldfried, PhD, co-ed…
Promoting Effective Endings
- When it’s time to end therapy, research by Norcross and colleagues finds that eight actions tend to promote better patient outcomes: having a mutual discussion about how the therapy went, discussing the patient’s future functioning and coping, helping the patient use new skills beyond therapy, framing personal development as an ongoing process, anticipating post-therapy growth…