Full Answer
What were the effects of the Indian Reorganization Act?
Malcolm X What were the effects of the Indian Reorganization Act? Conditions on the reservation did not improve dramatically Under what program were Mexicans invited to immigrate to the United States as farm workers? The Bracero Program What issuance declared "All persons held as slaves...henceforth shall be free?" The Emancipation Proclamation
What is the relationship between the federal government and Indian tribes?
The provision of health services to members of federally-recognized tribes grew out of the special government-to-government relationship between the federal government and Indian tribes.
What are the responsibilities of a governor to the natives?
Governors had an obligation to take care of the well-being and preserve Native Americans (referred to as Indians by the law). That there was no motive to enslave them in the future, not by war, nor due to rebellion, nor to ask for a rescue, nor for any reason or in any way.
How did the Hernan Cortes treat the Indians?
They hired priests to minister to the Indians whose labor was granted to them. While they were not allowed to retain their encomiendas in perpetuity, they were permitted to bequeath the properties and labor once. They allowed Indians to fulfill obligations by payment of tribute, often in produce.
Why were the Encomenderos laws important?
Following complaints and calls for reform from individuals such as the Dominican friar Bartolomé de Las Casas, these laws were intended to prevent the exploitation and mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the Americas by the encomenderos, by strictly limiting their power and dominion over groups of natives.
What are the new laws of the Indies?
The New Laws ( Spanish: Leyes Nuevas ), also known as the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians ( Spanish: Leyes y ordenanzas nuevamente hechas por su Majestad para la ...
What happened to the Spanish colonists when the New Laws were passed?
As a result, privileged Spanish colonists were disturbed about implementing the New Laws. In Peru, Gonzalo Pizarro led a revolt of protesting encomenderos, who took to arms to "maintain their rights by force" for control of Indian lands and labor.
What was the goal of the Reformists?
Their goal was to protect the Indians against forced labor and expropriation, and to preserve their cultures. Some discussions challenged the very legitimacy of the conquest and colonization. Eventually, the reformists influenced the King and his court to pass reforms that came to be known as the New Laws .
Why were the New Laws so successful?
Although the New Laws were only partly successful, due to the opposition of some colonists, they did result in the liberation of thousands of indigenous workers, who had been held in a state of semi-slavery.
When did the King promulgate the new laws?
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The King promulgated the New Laws in 1542. In addition to regulating encomienda and treatment of Indians, they reorganized the overseas colonial administration.
When did the Crown revoke the inheritance restriction of the New Laws?
In 1545, the Crown revoked the inheritance restriction of the New Laws. By strengthening the power of the encomenderos, the encomienda system was made secure. While the New Laws were partly successful, they did result in the liberation of thousands of indigenous workers from enforced servitude.
What were the laws of the Indies?
The New Laws of the Indies, 1542. The Laws and ordinances newly made by His Majesty for the government of the Indies and good treatment and preservation of the Indians created a set of pro-Indian laws - so pro-Indian that they some had to be revoked in Mexico and in Peru due to settler opposition.
Can Indians remain in slavery?
And in order that in default of persons to solicit the aforesaid, the Indians may not remain in slavery unjustly, We command that the Audiencias appoint persons who may pursue this cause for the Indians and be paid out of the Exchequer fines, provided they be men of trust and diligence.
Overview
The New Laws (Spanish: Leyes Nuevas), also known as the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians (Spanish: Leyes y ordenanzas nuevamente hechas por su Majestad para la gobernación de las Indias y buen tratamiento y conservación de los Indios, Laws and ordinances newly made by his Majesty for the governing of the Indies and the good treatm…
Origins
The New Laws were the results of a reform movement in reaction to what were considered to be the less effective, decades-old Leyes de Burgos (Laws of Burgos), issued by King Ferdinand II of Aragon on December 27, 1512. These laws were the first intended to regulate relations between the Spanish and the recently conquered indigenous peoples of the New World. These are regarded as the first humanitarian laws in the New World. They were not fully implemented because of opp…
Contents
• Governors had an obligation to take care of the well-being and preserve Native Americans (referred to as Indians by the law).
• That there was no motive to enslave them in the future, not by war, nor due to rebellion, nor to ask for a rescue, nor for any reason or in any way.
• That native Americans currently enslaved must be freed immediately, unless the owner could prove (in Spain, which implied travelling back there) the full juridical legitimacy of such …
• Governors had an obligation to take care of the well-being and preserve Native Americans (referred to as Indians by the law).
• That there was no motive to enslave them in the future, not by war, nor due to rebellion, nor to ask for a rescue, nor for any reason or in any way.
• That native Americans currently enslaved must be freed immediately, unless the owner could prove (in Spain, which implied travelling back there) the full juridical legitimacy of such a state.
Effects
The King promulgated the New Laws in 1542. In addition to regulating encomienda and treatment of Indians, they reorganized the overseas colonial administration. Several General Captainships were established, such as the Kingdom of Guatemala, to create another level of Crown authority in the colony.
When the New Laws were passed, every European man holding an encomienda in Peru learned t…
Level of compliance
Although in New Spain (now Mexico), the initial reaction of encomenderos was noncompliance, they did not organize a rebellion as in Peru. New Spain's first viceroy, Don Antonio de Mendoza, prudently refrained from enforcing the parts of the New Laws most objectionable to the encomenderos, and avoided rebellion. Over time, the encomenderos complied with most aspects of the laws. Most already maintained a horse and arms in case of Indian rebellion, and had esta…
Legacy
In 1545, the Crown revoked the inheritance restriction of the New Laws. By strengthening the power of the encomenderos, the encomienda system was made secure. While the New Laws were partly successful, they did result in the liberation of thousands of indigenous workers from enforced servitude.
Most of the ordinances of the New Laws were later incorporated into the general corpus of the L…
See also
• Philip II of Spain
• Spanish empire
Sources
• Kenneth J. Andrien, Andean Worlds, 2001
• Joseph Pérez. Historia de España ISBN 84-8432-091-X
• Crow, John A. (1992). The Epic of Latin America. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07723-2.