Is treatment effective at reducing drug use and criminal behavior?
Treatment that is of poor quality or is not well suited to the needs of offenders may not be effective at reducing drug use and criminal behavior. In addition to the general principles of treatment, some considerations specific to offenders include the following:
How effective are medications for addiction treatment?
The medications are more effective when combined with behavioral treatments, such as group and individual therapy as well as telephone quitlines. Alcohol: Three medications have been FDA-approved for treating alcohol addiction and a fourth, topiramate, has shown promise in clinical trials (large-scale studies with people).
Which drugs are used to treat alcohol dependence?
Acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone are medications approved for treating alcohol dependence.
How many people receive treatment at specialty treatment programs?
Of these, about 2.6 million people received treatment at specialty treatment programs (CBHSQ, 2015). *The term "illicit" refers to the use of illegal drugs, including marijuana according to federal law, and misuse of prescription medications. Drug addiction can be treated, but it’s not simple.
What uses disorder has aversion therapy primarily been used to treat?
Aversion therapy is most widely used in the treatment of addictive behaviors such as alcoholism, and aversive UCSs that have been used include electric shock and drugs (such as emetine) that induce unpleasant physiological reactions (cf. Rachman & Teasdale, 1969; Wilson, 1978).
Which drug was used as a cough medicine before its addictive properties were known?
Before it became a popular recreational drug, heroin was used in medicine until its addictive properties became known. In the 1890s, German pharmaceutical company Bayer marketed heroin as a morphine substitute and cough suppressant. Bayer promoted heroin for use in children suffering from coughs and colds.
What is the primary goal of the medical model of addiction?
The medical model explains why some people become addicts and offers them hope that recovery is possible.
Which theory explains drug seeking behavior as led by a rewarding effect that makes using the substance again more likely quizlet?
This is called a(n): synergistic effect.
What did the 16th century European physician Paracelsus and later Dr Thomas Sydenham promote the use of?
The 16th century European physician Paracelsus, and later Dr. Thomas Sydenham promoted the use of: laudanum.
How does the psychodynamic approach explain addiction?
The psychodynamic approach to addiction therapy looks at how past events, thoughts and circumstances shape a patient's present behaviors. It is believed that these factors result in unconscious processes that cause a person to act in a particular manner.
What is social model treatment?
The social model attempts to embrace a person's difference and raises awareness within society of individual needs that will facilitate inclusion into all aspects of life.
What are the 3 models of addiction?
There are several theories that model addiction: genetic theories, exposure theories (both biological and conditioning), and adaptation theories.
How much is the maximum cash incentive for drug testing?
The maximum cash value of tangible incentives awarded to participants who remain continuously abstinent from all tested drugs will be approximately $400 per subject. Actual payout is expected to average $200 per subject or less, depending on the percentage of drug-free urines submitted.
What are tangible incentives?
The tangible incentives represent part of the active ingredient of this intervention, and thus need to be defined in the protocol. However, CTP’s also have latitude in selecting specific incentives to offer. Guidelines are given below as to the value and content of small, large and jumbo incentive categories. Each study site will be expected to keep an inventory of their incentive stock and incentive awards; this inventory will be facilitated by a computer software program that will be linked to protocol management software.
What are bonus picks for drug testing?
As previously described, the bonus pick is based on opiates and marijuana for participants enrolled at drug-free sites. Participants can earn two bonus picks for each urine free of bonus target drugs (opiates and marijuana). To earn a bonus pick, clients must also test negative for all of the primary target drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and alcohol) that day.
What is sustainability in clinical trials?
Sustainability is one of several criteria that were considered in selecting protocol concepts for implementation in the Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Sustainability is an important consideration, given that one over-arching goal of the CTN is to improve treatment services nationwide by disseminating research-based interventions. The protocol described may not be fully sustainable as proposed, since cash-valued incentives will be offered that a typical community-based treatment program may not be able to afford to incorporate into their operating budget. Nevertheless, there are several ways in which this particular project should have sustainable impact that will improve services delivery.
How long are clients considered active in the study?
Clients will be considered active in the study throughout the three months following study intake independent of clinic attendance frequency, provided they remain enrolled at that clinic. Subjects assigned to the incentive condition are eligible for incentive procedures whenever they come in to the clinic so long as they are currently enrolled for treatment in that clinic. Thus, clients may come to the clinic to leave a urine and participate in incentives even if they do not participate in counseling. Research staff will make every reasonable attempt to notify counselors that a particular client who they want to see has come in.
How much is the maximum cash incentive for drug testing?
The maximum cash value of tangible incentives awarded to participants who remain continuously abstinent from all tested drugs will be approximately $400 per subject. Actual payout is expected to average $200 per subject or less, depending on the percentage of drug-free urines submitted.
What are tangible incentives?
The tangible incentives represent part of the active ingredient of this intervention, and thus need to be defined in the protocol. However, CTP’s also have latitude in selecting specific incentives to offer. Guidelines are given below as to the value and content of small, large and jumbo incentive categories. Each study site will be expected to keep an inventory of their incentive stock and incentive awards; this inventory will be facilitated by a computer software program that will be linked to protocol management software.
What is bonus recovery pick?
Bonus recovery picks will be available at each testing opportunity. This is in addition to the escalating number of recovery picks for the primary drugs described above. As previously described, the bonus pick is based on opiates for methadone maintained participants.
How long are clients considered active in the study?
Clients will be considered active in the study throughout the three months following study intake independent of clinic attendance frequency, provided they remain enrolled at that clinic. Subjects assigned to the incentive condition are eligible for incentive procedures whenever they come in to the clinic so long as they are currently enrolled for treatment in that clinic. Thus, clients may come to the clinic to leave a urine and participate in incentives even if they do not participate in counseling. Research staff will make every reasonable attempt to notify counselors that a particular client who they want to see has come in.
What is sustainability in clinical trials?
Sustainability is one of several criteria that were considered in selecting protocol concepts for implementation in the Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Sustainability is an important consideration, given that one over-arching goal of the CTN is to improve treatment services nationwide by disseminating research-based interventions. The protocol described may not be fully sustainable as proposed, since cash-valued incentives will be offered that a typical community-based treatment program may not be able to afford to incorporate into their operating budget. Nevertheless, there are several ways in which this particular project should have sustainable impact that will improve services delivery.
When will methadone be available for urinalysis?
Methadone clients will not begin the study until week 5 of treatment or later. It is anticipated that regular (at least biweekly) urinalysis results will be available during this time. Those eligible for the study will have at least one cocaine or methamphetamine positive urine documented during the two weeks prior to study intake.
Can you use opiates in methadone clinic?
In methadone clinics, only opiates will be used as the bonus drugs. Clinicians will receive information on marijuana use by their patients, but marijuana is not included as a bonus drug for methadone settings. This is because marijuana is not traditionally included in these settings when determining drug-free status for clinic privileges such a take-home medication.
What are the three groups of drugs that are used to reduce tension inhibitions?
3 most widely used groups are alcohol, sedative-hypnotic drugs, and opioids. Pg 295
What are the pgs for stimulants?
Stimulant drugs that are manufactured in the laboratory. Pg 304 and 305
What is the most powerful natural stimulant?
An addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant. It is the most powerful natural stimulant known. Pg 303
What is Ch.10?
Ch.10: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
What is the most common antianxiety drug?
The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and xanax. Pg 300
What is methadone pg 320?
An approach to treating heroin-centered substance use disorder in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of a substitute drug, methadone. Pg 320
What is a substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and?
A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations. Also called psychedelic drug. Pg 307